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"Pengantar: Batu saluran kencing adalah salah satu penyebab yang paling sering dari nyeri kolik yang muncul pada layanan kesehatan primer. Penanganan dari kasus batu saluran kemih dibagi menjadi beberapa kelompok yaitu operatif dan juga konservatif. Cystone adalah salah satu terapi tambahan yang dapat ditambahkan pada regimen penanganan konservatif untuk ukuran batu dan memudahkan pengeluaran batu saluran kemih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat keamanan dan efektivitas dari pemberian Cystone ini pasca tindakan ESWL. Metodologi : Penelitian ini dilakukan antara bulan Mei 2014-November 2015, jumlah sampel yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 81 sampel, 42 berada pada grup cystone dan 39 dalam grup placebo. Setelah dilakukan ESWL, satu grup diberikan tablet cystone 2 x 2 setiap hari selama 4 minggu, grup lain diberikan placebo. Penanganan lanjutan seperti KUB radiografi, CT urografi dan juga pemeriksaan USG dilakukan setelah mengkonsumsi obat-obatan ini.Hasil: Dari 84 sampel yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini, karkteristik demografik dan baseline antara grup tatalaksana dan grup placebo mirip satu sama lain. Tidak ada perbedaan statistic yang signifikan antara besar batu sebelum dan sesudah konsumsi cystone baik pada grup cystone ataupun placebo. Satu kejadian efek samping yang serius dilaporkan pada grup cystone, tidak ada kejadian efek samping yang berat terlihat pada grup placebo. Diskusi: Penelitian sebelumnya memperlihatkan bahwa cystone ini secara signifikan dapat memperkecil besar batu ginjal dan mengubah komposisi batu ginjal. Hasil yang berbeda ini kemungkinan disebabkan oleh perbedaan besar batu ginjal baik pada riset ini maupun literature-literatur sebelumnya. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, kami tidak merekomendasikan penggunaan cystone sebagai terapi adjunctive- management conservative dari batu ginjal ini.

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Introduction: Urinary stone is one of the most common cause of colicky pain in primary care. Management of urinary stone is divided into operative management and conservative management. Cystone is one of the traditional adjunctive therapy that may added to conservative management regiment to reduce kidney stone size and speed-up the stone passing. This study aims to see the efficacy and safety of Cystone after Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy. Methods : This clinical trial was conducted from May 2014-November 2015, the total sample for this research are 81 samples, 42 in cystone group and 39 in placebo group. After undergoing ESWL procedure, one group were given 2 x 2 cystone tables daily for 4 weeks, and the other were given placebo. Further examination such as KUB radiography, CT urography, USG examination were conducted after consumption of the drugs. Results : Among 84 subjects that participated in this research, demographic charcteristics and baseline disease were comparable. No statistically significant changes on the stone size in both cystone and placebo group. One serious adverse event appeared in cystone group compared to none in the placebo group. Discussion: Previous research showed that cystone made significant changes on the renal stone size and composition. This differing results may be caused by different stone sizes in both this research and previous literature. Based on this research’s result we do not recommend using cystone as an adjunctive conservative management of renal stone"

"Baground: the optimal management of lower calyceal stones is still controversial, because no single method is suitable for the removal of all lower calyceal stones. Minimally invasive procedures such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotrispy (ESWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNCL) and flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) are the therapautic methods for lower calyceal stones. the aim of this study was to identify the optimal management of 10-20 mm lower pole stones. Methods : a meta-analysis of cohort studies published before July 2016 was performed from Medline and Cochrane databases. Management of 10-20 mm lower pole stone treated by fURS, ESWL and PCNL with follow-up of residual stones in 1-3 months after procedure were include and urinary stone in other location and size were exclude. A fixed-effects model with Mantzel-Haenzel method was used to calculate the I2 statistic. All analyses were performed with review manager 5.3. Result : we analized 8 cohort studies. The stone free rate from 958 patient (271 PCNL, 174 fURS and 513 ESWL), 3 months after operation, was 90.8% (246/271) after PCNL; 75.3% (131/174) after fURS; and 64.7% (332/513)after ESWL. Base on stone free rate in 10-20 mm lower pole stone following management, PCNL is better than fURS (overall RR was 1.32 (95% CI 1.13-1.55) ; p<0.001 and I2=57%) and ESWL (overall risk ratio 1.42 (95% CI.30-1.55); p=<0.001 and I2=85%). But if we compare between fURS and ESWL, fURS is better than ESWL base on stone free rate in 10-20 mm lower pole stone management with overall RR 1.16 (95% CI 1.04-1.30; p=0.01 and I2=40%). Conclusion: percutaneous nephrolithotomy provided a higher stone free rate than fURS and ESWL. This meta-analysis may help urologist in makin decision of intervention in 10-20mm lower pole stone management."

"Sebelum ditemukannya alat-alat canggih, pengobatan penyakit batu saluran kemih, khususnya batu ureter, adalah dengan cara operasi terbuka (invasif). Namun saat ini pengobatan yang bersifat invasif mulai ditinggalkan, dan beralih ke cara pengobatan yang minimal invasif, bahkan non invasif.Saat ini, di RSUPN-CM Jakarta, telah tersedia alat untuk mengobati penyakit batu saluran kemih, khususnya batu ureter distal, yang bersifat minimal invasif, yaitu Ureterorenoskop, dan yang bersifat non invasif, yaitu Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL). Cara pengobatan batu ureter dengan menggunakan alat Ureterorenoskop, disebut tindakan Ureteroskopi (URS).Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah, untuk mengetahui efektivitas biaya dari pengobatan batu ureter distal, antara yang menggunakan cara URS dengan cara ESWL. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif, menggunakan data sekunder subbagian urologi swadana RSUPN-CM, tahun 2001 periode Juni s/d Desember. Analisis data biaya investasi menggunakan biaya investasi setahun. Analisis biaya menggunakan metode Activity Based Costing (ABC), karena metode ini yang paling cocok untuk menganalisis biaya dalam mengobati penyakit batu ureter distal yang merupakan salah satu jenis kegiatan yang ada di subbagian urologi yang memiliki berbagai jenis kegiatan.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, pengobatan batu ureter distal yang paling efektif biaya adalah dengan cara ESWL. Bahkan tindakan ESWL kelas super VIP masih lebih efektif biaya dibandingkan dengan tindakan URS dengan ruang perawatan kelas III.

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An Effectiveness Analysis of Distal Urethral Stones Treatment Compared with Ureterorenoskop and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy at RSUPN-CM Jakarta, 2001Before sophisticated-medical equipment was discovered, invasive surgery was used for Urinary Tract Stone treatments; especially urethral stone. Today, invasive surgery has been no longer implemented, and shifting into minimal or non invasive treatment.

RSUPN-CM Jakarta, has two different medical equipments to treat Urinary Tract Stone patient which are Ureterorenoscop for minimal invasive treatment and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) for non invasive treatment. The treatment using Ureterorenoscop is called Ureteroscopy (URS).

The aim of this research is to examine and compare the cost effectiveness of urethral distal stone treatment using both equipments. This research is descriptive, using secondary data from subbagian urologi RSUPN-CM in the period of June-December 2001. Meanwhile, data analysis for investment cost is considered in annual base.

The analysis of this study is using Activity Based Costing (ABC) method. This method is the most appropriate method for urethral distal stone treatment since subbagian urologi comprises a broad range of interrelated activities. ABC method, therefore, will evaluate the cost of effectiveness for both URS and ESWL.

The study shows that ESWL is the most effective cost compared to URS. Even, Super VIP using ESWL is more effective than class III URS."

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui manfaat terapi perkusi mekanik inversi pada penderita batu kaliks inferior ginjal pasca ESWL.Suatu uji klinis terkontrol dilakukan terhadap 40 penderita batu kaliks inferior ginjal yang menjalani terapi Extra Corporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) di RSCM Jakarta dan masih terdapat sisa batu dengan ukuran 4 mm, antara bulan Desember 2002 hingga Desember 2003. Secara acak, penderita penelitian dimasukkan ke dalam kelompok terapi (dilakukan terapi perkusi mekanik inversi) dan kelompok non terapi (tidak dilakukan terapi perkusi mekanik inversi). Keberhasilan terapi ditentukan dengan adanya pergerakkan fragmen batu dan keadaan bebas batu yang dapat dilihat pada pemeriksaan foto polos abdomen. Uji kemaknaan menggunakan Pearson Chi Square cross tabulation dengan nilai p < 0,05 dianggap bermakna.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 20 orang kelompok terapi, 14 orang (70%) terjadi pergerakkan fragmen batu dan tercapai keadaan bebas batu segera setelah terapi dilakukan, sedangkan 6 orang (30%) tidak terjadi pergerakkan fragmen batu, sedangkan dari 20 orang kelompok non terapi, 13 orang (65%) terjadi keadaan bebas batu dan 7 orang (35%) tidak terjadi keadaan bebas batu, sehingga secara statistik hal ini tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Penelitian ini jugs menunjukkan dari 20 orang kelompok terapi terdapat 13 ()rang (65%) mempunyai ukuran sisa batu 2-4 mm dan 1 prang (5%) dengan ukuran sisa batu 1-2 mm sedangkan pada 20 prang kelompok non terapi terdapat 7 orang (35%) mempunyai ukuran sisa batu 2-4 mm dan 6 prang (30°Io) dengan ukuran sisa batu 1-2 mm yang mencapai keadaan bebas batu, secara statistik hal ini tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna (p . 0,05).Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan baik dilakukan atau tidak dilakukan terapi perkusi mekanik inversi, keduanya dapat mencapai keadaan bebas batu pada penanganan batu kaliks inferior ginjal pasca ESWL, sedangkan ukuran sisa batu pasca ESWL tidak mempengaruhi keadaan bebas batu.

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The purpose of this study is to know the benefit of mechanical inversion therapy for lower pole kidney stone after shock wave lithotripsy in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital.

A clinical control trial has been done to 40 patients with stone in the lower pole of the kidney who had undergone ESWL treatment with residual stone less than 4 mm in CiptoMangunkusumo hospital between December 2002 to December 2003. Randomly the patients were divided into 2 groups, one of which is with mechanical percussion inversion therapy and the other is without. Successful treatment is based on stone fragment movement and stone free condition which were examined by KUB photos. Pearson chi square tabulation probability test is used with p value less than 0,05 is considered significant.

The result showed that from 20 patients with mechanical percussion inversion therapy, 14 patients (70%) had stone free condition as soon as the treatment done, on the contrast 6 patients (30%) did not have stone fragment movement, whereas from 20 patients without treatment, 13 patients (65%) had stone free condition and 7 patients (35%) did not, so statistically this was not significant (p>0,05). This study also showed that from 20 patients with MPI therapy, 13 patients (65°Io) with residual stone of 2-4 mm and 1 patient (5%) with residual stone of 1-2 mm achieved stone free condition, whereas from control group, there were 7 patients (350/s) with residual stone of 2-4 mm and 6 patients (30%) who had residual stone of 1-2 mm achieved stone free condition. Statistically, this was also not significant (p>0,05).

In conclusion, our study revealed that stone free condition could happen with or without mechanical percussion inversion therapy for lower pole kidney stone after ESWL and the residual stone size after ESWL was not correlated with stone free rate.

Keywords: mechanical percussion inversion therapy, shock wave lithotripsy, lower pole kidney stone"

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Tatalaksana bukan pembedahan pada batu sulit duktus biliaris komunis, tidak dapat dilakukan dengan ERCP saja, namun memerlukan modalitas terapi lain seperti pemasangan sten bilier, litotripsi mekanik, Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy. Pemasangan sten bilier, Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy, memiliki tingkat efektivitas dalam mencapai bersihan total bervariasi 70-80%. Di Indonesia sendiri, belum ada data mengenai efektivitas ESWL sebagai terapi tambahan pasca pemasangan sten dibandingkan dengan pemasangan sten bilier saja sebagai tatalaksana ekstraksi batu sulit.Tujuan: Mengetahui efektivitas ESWL dalam mencapai bersihan total pasca pemasangan sten bilier dibandingkan dengan pemasangan sten bilier saja Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kohort retrospektif dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari registri Pusat Endoskopi Saluran Cerna Rumah Sakit Umum Pemerintah Cipto Mangunkusumo yang melibatkan 126 subjek batu sulit. Dilakukan analisis dengan membagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu subjek yang dilakukan pemasangan sten bilier saja, dan subjek yang dilakukan ESWL pasca pemasangan sten bilier dengan keluaran akhir efektivitas berupa bersihan total menggunakan uji Chi Square. Hasil: Sampel berjumlah 126 subjek yang terdiri dari 72 subjek yang dilakukan ESWL pasca pemasangan sten bilier dan 54 subjek yang menjalani pemasangan sten bilier saja. Efektivitas ESWL pasca pemasangan sten bilier dalam mencapai bersihan total yaitu 69,1% dan efektivitas sten bilier dalam mencapai bersihan total yaitu 64,8%. ESWL sebagai terapi tambahan pasca pemasangan sten bilier tidak memberikan perbedaan bermakna secara statistik dengan nilai p 0,703 dengan resiko relatif (RR= 1,050; IK95% 0,816-1,351). Terdapat 26 subjek yang tidak menyelesaikan pengobatan. Simpulan: Subjek dengan batu sulit duktus biliaris yang dilakukan ESWL sebagai terapi tambahan pasca pemasangan sten bilier memiliki efek terapi yang sama dengan subjek yang dilakukan pemasangan sten bilier saja dalam mencapai bersihan total.

Background: Management non-surgical therapy of difficult stones, cannot be removed by ERCP only. There are modalities procedure like biliary stenting, mechanical

lithotripsy, and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) are important in the therapy of difficult stones of the common bile duct. Efficacy of ESWL for achieve ductal clearence aprroxymately 70-80%. However, in Indonesia, there is no data about the theraupetic effect of ESWL for ductal clearance of difficult bile duct stones after biliary stenting compared to insertion of the biliary stent alone. Objective: To determine theraupetic effect of ESWL after biliary stenting compared to biliary stent placement alone Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study using secondary data from the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center registry of the Cipto Mangunkusumo Government General Hospital which involved 126 subjects with difficult stones. The analysis was

done by dividing the subjects into two groups, those who were subjected to biliary stent placement only, and subjects that had ESWL procedure after biliary stent were inserted. The final outcome is total ductal clearance using the Chi Square analysis. Results: The sample consisted of 126 subjects. Seventy-two subjects were subjected to ESWL after insertion of biliary stents and 54 subjects were subjected to biliary stent placement only. The effectiveness of ESWL procedure after biliary stents insertion in achieving total clearance was 69.1% and the effectiveness of biliary stents alone in achieving total clearance was 64.8%. ESWL as an adjunctive therapy after biliary stent placement did not provide statistically significant difference with a p value of 0.703 with a relative risk (RR = 1.050; 95% C0.816-1.351). There were 26 subjects who did not complete treatment.

Conclusion: The therapeutic effects of ESWL after biliary stenting did not result in statistical differences of succesfull total ductal clearance for difficult bile duct stones."