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Abstrak :
Phase trnasformation temperature of shape memory alloy - Tini produced by arc - melting technique. The observation of phase trnasformation temperature of Tini alloys produced by arc - melting technique was carried out by alloying Ti - 53%w Ni. Tini alloys were tempered at 900oC and then followed by quenching at 20oC and 5oC and finally were aged at 400oC for 1,4 and 16 hours. The Ti-53%. Ni alloyed is applied to obtain as shape memory alloys base on Tini . The Tini sample was analyzed by optical microscope, X - ray diffraction and simultaneous symmetrical thermoanalyzer (STA) . The result show that the martensitic phase has a structure of BCT (bODY CENTER TETRAGONAL) formed at room temperarure. The phase transformation temperature from martensitic - austensitic phase was taken place at (162+5)oC

Abstrak :
Penelitian presipitasi pada paduan logam ingat bentuk (shape memory alloy) TiNi dan pengaruhnya terhadap temperatur transformasi, telah banyak dilakukan. Hasilnya antara lain menyatakan bahwa terbentuknya presipitat T13Ni4 dapat mengakibatkan paduan ingat bentuk TiNi peka terhadap perubahan temperatur laku panas, tetapi apabila presipitat tumbuh hingga mencapai fasa kesetimbangan, yaitu presipitat TiNi3, paduan ingat bentuk tidak menunjukan adanya fasa antara saat terjadi transformasi. Dalam penelitian ini, telah dilakukan penelitian pengaruh proses penuaan terhadap presipitasi dan temperatur transformasi ingat bentuk paduan Ti-50.04%at. Ni, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik presipitat dan temperatur paduan Ti-50,04%at.Ni yang dituakan pada tempertaur 550 °C selama 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 dan 30 jam, pengamatan dilakukan menggunakan beberapa metoda yaitu mikroskop optik, mikroskop elektron transmisi (Transmission Electron Microscope - TEM) dan metoda tahanan listrik four probe. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa paduan Ti-50.04%at.Ni, akibat laku panas penuaan berfasa martensit dengan orientasi pelat yang acak. Presipitat yang terbentuk adalah TiNi3 yang tumbuh pada orientasi tertentu, yaitu sesuai dengan hubungan [2021]TmNi3 // [020]Matriks, sedangkan temperatur transformasi tidak menunjukan perubahan yang berarti sebagai akibat perlakuan penuaan. ......Examination of precipitate of TiNi shape memory alloy on temperature transformation has been done by many scientists. They observed that Ti3Ni4 precipitate can affect the transformation temperature of the alloy by heat treatment. If precipitate grows into stability phase, i.e. TiNi3 phase, shape memory alloy failed to show intermediate phase. In this research work aging process on precipitation and transformation temperature of Ti-50.04%at.Ni shape memory alloy were carried out. The aim was study the characteristics of precipitate and transformation temperature of Ti-50.04 %at.Ni alloy which were aged at 550 °C for 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 hours. The testing method use optical microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and four-probe electric resistance. Experimental results show that Ti-50.04%at.Ni alloy, which were effected by aging treatment have martensite phase. This martensitic is arranged by fine-laths with random orientation. Type of precipitates observed is TiNi3 and they grow through fixed orientation, i.e. [2021]TiNi3 11 [020]Matrix. Furthermore in this study, the transformation temperature were not significantly affected by aging treatment.

Abstrak :
Paduan ingat bentuk ("shape memory alloy") mempunyai prospek yang baik dan telah diaplikasikan pada berbagai komponen otomotif, sistem pengontrol, sistem pengaman dan sebagainya. Salah satu jenis paduan ingat bentuk yang banyak dikembangkan adalah paduan berbasis tembaga (Cu-based alloy). Dalam aplikasinya sering ditemui permasalahan terutama mengenai proses pembuatannya dan mengenai karakteristik termo-mekanis paduan termasuk akurasi suhu transformasinya, serta "cold-workability"-nya yang kurang baik sehingga perlu ditingkatkan[1]. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengecoran paduan Cu-Zn-Al, baik tanpa penghalus butiran maupun dengan menambahkan penghalus butiran, untuk memahami proses pembuatan paduan. Kemudian hasil coran yang diperoleh diberi laku panas sehingga diperoleh paduan ingat bentuk dan selanjutnya dilakukan pengamatan metalografi untuk mengetahui struktur mikro paduan dan menentukan ukuran butir, serta dilakukan uji kekerasan dan uji termo-mekanis untuk menentukan suhu transformasinya. Dari paduan ingat bentuk yang diperoleh yaitu paduan Cu-24,8%(berat}Zn-3,78%(berat)A1 dihasilkan aktuator pegas ulir tekan dengan suhu transformasi A5=57°C yang kemudian diaplikasikan secara serf dengan pegas pembalik (konstanta pegas k=0,232 N/mm2), sehingga dapat diperoleh grafik yang memberikan hubungan aniara gaya tekan dan langkah yang dihasilkan aktuator pada suhu tertentu. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengecoran berikutnya tanpa dan dengan penambahan elemen penghalus butiran. Dan pengecoran ini diperoleh 2 macam paduan dengan komposisi masing-masing adalah Cu 21,06%(berat)Zn-6,01% (berat)A1 dan Cu-20,21% (berat)Zn-5,83% (berat)A1-O,1 % (berat)Zr. Dari paduan dengan komposisi Cu 21,06%(berat)Zn-i,01%(berat)A1 dihasilkan aktuator ingat bentuk berbentuk pelat dengan suhu transformasi A5Shape memory alloy has an excellent future. It is applied in various fields such as automotive components, control system, safety system, and so on. Among the alloy, Cu-based alloy has been a prime interest of engineer for years. In the application, it is commonly encountered problems related to its manufacturing process and thermomechanic characteristics including temperature transformation accuracy, and its cold-workability which is considered imperfect[l]. In this work, the casting process of Cu-Zn-Al was investigated for both with and without grain refining. Then heat treatment was applied to the alloy in order to gain its shape memory property. Furthermore, various investigations were carried out such as metalographic assessment for obtaining the micro-structure and the grain size, hardness test and thermo-mechanic test for determining the temperature transformation of the alloy. From the casting alloy with a composition of Cu-24.8%(weight)Zn-3.78%(weight)Al, it was produced a compression helical-spring actuator with temperature transformation As of 570C, then connected in series with a bias spring (stiffness k of 0.232 N/mm2) to provide a force versus deflection curve at a specified temperature. Moreover the next casting produced and investigated were Cu-21.06% (weight)Zn-6.01 % {weight}Al and Cu-20.21 % (weight)Zn-5.83 % (weight)Al-0.1 % (weight)Zr alloys. The first alloy is processed to be flat actuators with transformation temperature As less than RT(Room Temperature) and its grain size relatively coarse (the average diameter about 800 µm). While the latter alloy is also processed to be flat shape memory actuators with transformation temperature As of 41.5°C and its grain size relatively fine (the average diameter about 260 µm). It is found that small addition of Zr result in finer the grain size and improve the hardness of the alloy.

Abstrak :
hape Memory Alloy (SMA) merupakan material cerdas yang memiliki kemampuan untuk kembali kebentuk semula setelah diberi perlakuan panas. Paduan berbasis Cu diketahui memiliki sifat ingat bentuk yang cukup baik dan dapat menjadi alternatif material SMA. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari pengaruh metode pendinginan terhadap sifat ingat bentuk paduan Cu-28Zn-3Al yang di fabrikasi melalui proses gravity casting. Paduan dihomogenisasi pada temperatur 850 ºC selama 2 jam dan didinginkan pada temperatur ruang. Setelah itu, diberikan perlakuan betatizing pada temperatur 850 ºC selama 30 menit untuk membentuk fasa β [D03] dan didinginkan menggunakan 3 metode yang berbeda yaitu direct quench (DQ), up quench (UQ) dan step quench (SQ). Karakterisasi paduan dilakukan menggunakan OM, SEM-EDAX+Mapping untuk mengamati struktur mikro, XRD untuk mengetahui struktur kristal, DSC untuk menganalisis transformasi fasa, Microvikers dan Uji Shape Memory Effect menggunakan metode bending. Pencelupan DQ dan UQ menghasilkan fasa martensit β’ (M18R) berbentuk V shape sebagai matriks dan fasa kedua berupa retained α masing-masing dengan terbandingan ratio (M18R: α[A1]= 98.4: 1.6) dan (M18R: α [A1]= 92.9: 6.9).  Sedangkan fasa yang terbentuk pada sampel SQ adalah β (D03) dan α (A1). Hasil pengujian SME UQ memiliki recovery rate 36.3%, DQ sebesar 27.2% dan sampel SQ tidak menunjukkan SME sedikitpun. ......Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) is a smart material that has the ability to recover to its original shape after deformed by heating at certain temperatures. Cu-based alloys have a good memory effect and can be an alternative option for SMA. In this research, the effect of the quenching method on Cu-28Zn-3Al shape memory alloy fabricated through the gravity casting process was conducted. The alloy was homogenized at 850 ºC for 2 hours and cooled at room temperature. After that, Cu-28Zn-3Al alloy was betatizing at 850 ºC for 30 minutes and quenched using 3 different methods namely direct quench, up quench and quench step. Alloy characterization using OM, SEM-EDAX+Mapping to structural observation, XRD to analyze crystal phase, DSC to find out the phase transformation temperature, microhardness, and bending test. DQ and UQ quenching method produce V-shape martensite β’ (M18R) as a matrix and retained α as the second phase with the phase volume fraction of M18R: α (98.4: 1.6) and (92.9: 6.9) respectively. Meanwhile, the phase formed in the SQ sample is β (D03) and α (A1). The SME test results showed a recovery rate UQ of 36.3%, DQ of 27.2% and SQ samples did not show any SME.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Paduan Ingat Bentuk Cu-Zn-Al memiliki sifat ingat bentuk yang baik dimana lebih ekonomis dibandingkan paduan ingat bentuk lainnya. Pada penelitian ini, paduan Cu-26,5Zn-5,15Al wt. % hasil pengecoran gravitasi yang dihomogenisasi pada 850 oC selama 2 jam diberikan laku pelarutan di 850 oC selama 30 menit diikuti tiga metode pencelupan yaitu pencelupan langsung (DQ) ke dalam media air + es kering, pencelupan naik (UQ) ke dalam media air + es kering lalu dicelupkan lagi ke air 100 ℃ selama 30 menit, dan pencelupan bertahap (SQ) yang dicelupkan ke air 100 ℃ selama 30 menit lalu pencelupan ke air + es kering selama 30 menit. Karakterisasi yang dilakukan adalah pengujian OES, pengamatan mikroskop optik, SEM-EDS, pengujian kekerasan microvickers, XRD, dan DSC. Struktur mikro as-cast dan as-homogenized terdiri dari matriks β [BCC] dengan fasa kedua α [FCC] berbentuk lath dengan rasio fraksi fasa α:β sebesar 7:93. Sementara, struktur mikro DQ terdiri atas fasa martensit βʹ [M18R]. Struktur mikro UQ dan SQ tersusun atas fasa austenit β [D03]. Nilai kekerasan bervariasi, sampel DQ memiliki nilai kekerasan tertinggi 241,63 HVN, sementara UQ dan SQ sebesar 192,93 dan 165,4 HVN. Pemulihan regangan tidak dapat diketahui karena ketiga sampel patah saat pemotongan dan pembengkokkan karena sifat getas.......Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy has good memory effect which became an economical option. In this study, Cu-26.5Zn-5.15Al wt. % alloy was produced by gravity casting and homogenized (850 oC, 2 hours). Samples were β solutionized (850 oC, 30 minutes) followed by three methods of quenching. First is direct quenching (DQ) to cold water (water + dry ice). Second is up quenching (UQ) to cold water followed by heating at 100 ℃ for 30 minutes. Third is step quenching (SQ) into the boiling water for 30 minutes, and then into cold water. Characterization included microstructures analysis using optical microstructures and SEM–EDS, Vickers microhardness, XRD, and DSC testing. The microstructures of as-cast and as-homogenized consisted of β [BCC] matrix and α [FCC] second phase with α:β phase fraction ratio of 7:93. The microstructures of DQ showed βʹ [M18R] martensite phase. Meanwhile, the microstructures of UQ and SQ consisted of β [D03] austenite phase. Hardness of DQ was the highest due to the M18R phase. While the UQ and SQ had lower hardness because of the formation of β [D03] phase. The strain recovery value could not be observed because the three samples fractured during cutting and bending caused by brittleness.

Abstrak :
Paduan ingat bentuk merupakan kelompok paduan yang memiliki karakteristik unik untuk mengingat dan kembali ke bentuk semula setelah diberikan tegangan dan terdeformasi dengan cara di panaskan pada temperatur tertentu. Salah satu jenisnya ialah, paduan berbasis Cu yang memiliki sifat ingat bentuk yang baik dan bisa digunakan sebagai alternatif karena biayanya yang murah dibandingkan jenis paduan lainnya. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari pengaruh metode pencelupan terhadap sifat ingat bentuk paduan Cu-24,12Al-3,13Mn (%Atomik) yang dibuat berdasarkan metode pengecoran gravitasi yang selanjutnya dihomogenisasi pada temperatur 900 °C selama 2 jam dan didinginkan pada temperatur ruang. Setelah paduan mencapai temperatur ruang, dilakukan perlakuan panas betatizing pada temperatur 900 °C selama 30 menit dan dilanjutkan dengan tiga metode pencelupan yang berbeda, yaitu Pencelupan Langsung (Direct Quench/DQ), Pencelupan Bertahap (Step Quench/SQ), dan Pencelupan Naik (Up Quench/UQ). Tahapan selanjutnya ialah melakukan karakterisasi paduan yang dilakukan mengunakan Optical Microscope (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Bending Test, dan Microvickers. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa, paduan As-Cast dan As-Homogenizedterdiri atas fasa b [BCC] yang memiliki morfologi acicular (b acicular) atau b [B2] Acicular dan fasa g yang terbentuk seperti nodular-nodular hitam di sekitar matriks. Pencelupan DQ menghasilkan fasa b' [M18R] dan fasa g untuk pencelupan UQ dan SQ menghasilkan fasa b' [M18R] dan fasa b [B2] Acicular dengan nilai SME berturut-turut adalah 32,43% (DQ), 10,75% (UQ), dan 9,10% (SQ). Sementara, nilai kekerasan berturut-turut adalah 233,49 HVN (SQ), 222,20 HVN (UQ), dan 20,72 (DQ). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa indikasi dari adanya sifat Shape Memory Effect dikontribusi oleh keberadaan fasa martensit b' [M18R]. ......Shape Memory Alloys are a group of alloys that have the unique characteristics to remember their original shape after deformation followed by heating at a certain temperature. Cu-based alloys have good shape memory effect properties and can be used as an alternative because of the low cost compared to the other types of SMA alloy. This research studied the effect of the quenching methods on the martensite phase transformation and shape memory properties of the Cu-24,12Al-3,13Mn alloy (% atomic). The alloy was by gravity casting and was homogenized at 900 °C for 2 hours and cooled to room temperature. The betatizing treatment was carried out at a temperature 900 °C for 30 minutes and subsequently quenched with three methods, Direct Quench (DQ), Step Quench (SQ), and Up Quench (UQ). Characterization was conducted by Optical Microscope (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy(SEM-EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Bending Test, and Microvickers. The results showed that, the as-cast and as-homogenized alloy consisted of b [BCC] phase with acicular morphology (bacicular) or b [B2] Acicular and g phase, which formed as small black-nodular. The DQ microstructures showed b'[M18R] phase and g phase, with the UQ and SQ microstructures consisted of b' [M18R] phase dan b [B2] Acicular, The Shape Memory Effect values of DQ, UQ, and SQ samples were 32,43%, 10,75%, and 9,10% while the hardness were 207,72 HVN, 222,20 HVN, 233,49 HVN. This indicates that the shape memory properties contributed by the formed of phase martensite b' [M18R] in this alloy.

Abstrak :
Paduan ingat bentuk merupakan salah satu material cerdas yang memiliki karakteristik unik dimana paduan ini dapat mengingat bentuk saat diberi panas. Paduan ingat bentuk yang berbasis Cu merupakan alternatif yang paling baik dikarenakan harganya yang murah dan memiliki sifat ingat bentuk yang baik. Penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh metode pencelupan terhadap transformasi fasa dan kekerasan paduan Cu-26.5Al-3.7Mn (%Atomik) yang difabrikasi menggunakan metode pengecoran gravitasi. Paduan dihomogenisasi pada temperatur 900 ? selama 2 jam. Selanjutnya dilakukan perlakuan panas betatizing pada temperatur 900 ? selama 30 menit dan dilanjutkan dengan tiga metode pencelupan yang berbeda, yaitu Pencelupan Langsung (DQ), Pencelupan Naik (UQ), dan Pencelupan Bertahap (SQ). Karakterisasi menggunakan Optical Microscope (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy dan Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Microvickers, dan uji pemulihan regangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur mikro paduan pada kondisi As-Cast dan As-Homogenized terdiri dari dua fasa yaitu ? [D03] dan ? dengan morfologi rosette-like. Pencelupan DQ dan UQ menghasilkan martensit ?' dan ? [D03] sisa, sementara pencelupan SQ selain menghasilkan fasa tersebut juga terdapat ?. Selanjutnya, nilai kekerasan adalah 288,71 HVN (As-cast), 300,21 HVN (As-Homogenized), 232,2 HVN (DQ), 240,1 HVN (UQ), dan 289 HVN (SQ). Persentase pemulihan regangan tidak dapat diukur dikarenakan sampel patah saat ditekuk. ......The shape memory alloy is a smart material with unique characteristics where it can remember its shape when subjected to heat. Cu-based shape memory alloys are considered the most favorable alternative due to their low cost and good shape memory properties. In this study, the influence of quenching methods on phase transformation and hardness of Cu-26.5Al-3.7Mn (at. %) alloy fabricated using gravity casting method was investigated. The alloy was homogenized at 900 ? for 2 hours, and then betatized at 900 ? for 30 minutes, followed by three different quenching methods: Direct Quenching (DQ), Up Quenching (UQ), and Step Quenching (SQ). The alloy was then characterized using Optical Microscope (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Microvickers, and Strain Recovery test. The results of this study showed that the microstructure of the as-cast and as-homogenized alloy consisted of two phases, ? [D03] and ?, with a rosette-like morphology. DQ and UQ quenching methods resulted in the formation of ? [D03] and ?' phases, meanwhile, the SQ quenching method not only resulted in the mentioned phase but also the ? phase. Furthermore, the hardness values were 288.71 VHN (As-Cast), 300.21 VHN (As-Homogenized), 232.2 VHN (DQ), 240.1 VHN (UQ), and 289 VHN (SQ), respectively. The percentage of strain recovery could not be measured as the samples experienced failure when bent.

Abstrak :
Material cerdas Cu-Al-Mn adalah salah satu paduan ingat bentuk dengan harga yang lebih murah dan memiliki prospek aplikasi yang luas serta mudah difabrikasi. Salah satu kelemahan paduan ini adalah stabilisasi fasa martensit yang dapat dihindari dengan perlakuan panas dan metode pencelupan. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari pengaruh metode pencelupan terhadap transformasi fasa dan sifat mekanik paduan Cu-22,31Al-5,3Mn (persen atomik). Sampel difabrikasi dengan pengecoran gravitasi yang selanjutnya dihomogenisasi pada temperatur 900 ^oC selama 2 jam lalu didinginkan ke temperatur ruang. Setelah itu, paduan diberi perlakuan panas betatizing pada temperatur 900 ^oC selama 30 menit diikuti tiga metode pencelupan berbeda yaitu pencelupan langsung (direct quenching / DQ), pencelupan naik (up quenching / UQ), dan pencelupan bertahap (step quenching / SQ). Karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES), mikroskop optik dan Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Microvickers, dan uji pemulihan regangan menggunakan metode bending. Paduan as-cast dan as-homogenized memiliki struktur mikro yang didominasi oleh fasa β [BCC] sebagai matriks dan fasa kedua α [FCC] serta γ yang berbentuk seperti presipitat hitam. Proses homogenisasi memperbesar ukuran butir fasa β [BCC] menjadi 745,86 μm dari 381,13 μm pada kondisi as-cast sedangkan rasio fraksi fasa β [BCC]:α [FCC]+γ saat as-cast sebesar 63:37 dan 75:25 setelah homogenisasi. Pengaruh homogenisasi membuat nilai kekerasan untuk as-homogenized yaitu 277,49 HVN lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan as-cast yaitu 220,31 HVN. Setelah perlakuan panas, struktur mikro terdiri dari fasa martensit β' (18R) dengan fasa β (L2₁) sebagai matriks dan fasa γ yang berbentuk presipitat berwarna hitam. Morfologi fasa martensit β' (18R) berbeda-beda dengan metode pencelupan yang berbeda, yaitu needle-like (DQ), needle-like dan V-Shape (UQ), serta needle-like dan plate (SQ). Kekerasan paduan untuk pencelupan langsung sebesar 238,34 HVN, pencelupan naik sebesar 244,43 HVN dan pencelupan bertahap sebesar 253,44 HVN. Nilai pemulihan regangan tidak dapat diketahui karena ketiga sampel (DQ, UQ, dan SQ) patah ketika ditekuk.  ...... Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloys belong to a smart material group that possesess lower price, broad application, and are easy to fabricate. A drawback of this alloy is martensitic phase stabilization, which can be avoided by heat treatment and quenching methods. This research studied the effect of the quenching methods on the phase transformation and mechanical properties of the Cu-22,31Al-5,3Mn alloy (atomic percent). Sample were gravity cast and homogenized at 900 ^oC for 2 h and then cooled at room temperature. After that, the alloy was betatized at 900 ^oC for 30 minutes followed by three different quenching methods, namely direct quenching (DQ), up quenching (UQ), and step quenching (SQ). Characterization included Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES), Optical Microscopy (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Microvickers, and strain recovery tests using the bending method. As-cast and as-homogenized alloys have a microstructure dominated by the β [BCC] phase as the matrix, the second phase α [FCC], and γ which shaped like black precipitates. The homogenization process enlarged the grain size of the phase to 745.86 μm from 381.13 μm in the as-cast condition while the ratio of the β [BCC]:α [FCC]+γ phase fraction at as-cast condition is 63:37 and 75:25 after homogenization. The homogenization led to an increase in hardness values from as-cast of 220.31 VHN to as-homogenized of 277.49 VHN. After heat treatment, the microstructures consisted of β' (18R) martensite phase with β (L2₁) phase as the matrix and γ which shaped like black precipitates. The morphology of the β' (18R) martensite phase differed with different quenching methods, namely needle-like (DQ), needle-like and V-Shape (UQ), and needle-like and plate (SQ). The hardness of the alloy after DQ was 238.34 VHN, UQ was 244.43 VHN and SQ was 253.44 VHN. Strain recovery was unknown because the samples (DQ, UQ, and SQ) fractured when bent.

Abstrak :
Paduan ingat bentuk merupakan salah satu material cerdas dengan kemampuan kembali ke bentuk semula setelah diberi perlakuan panas. Paduan berbasis Cu merupakan salah satu material yang bisa digunakan sebagai alternaltif dari paduan Ni-Ti yang telah umum digunakan, memiliki sifat ingat bentuk yang baik dan biayanya yang terjangkau. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari pengaruh metode pencelupan terhadap struktur mikro dan kekerasan paduan Cu-25,9Al-3,6Mn (at. %). Sampel dibuat dengan metode pengecoran gravitasi, kemudian dihomogenisasi pada temperatur 900 °C selama 2 jam dan didinginkan pada temperatur ruang. Selanjutnya dilakukan perlakuan panas betatizing pada temperatur 900 °C selama 30 menit dan dilanjutkan dengan tiga metode pencelupan, yaitu Pencelupan Langsung (Direct Quench/DQ), Pencelupan Naik (Step Quench/SQ) dan Pencelupan Bertahap (Step Quench/SQ). Tahapan karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan Optical Microscope (OM), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Xray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), strain recovery test, dan Microvickers. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur mikro paduan as-cast dan as- homogenized terdiri atas matriks fasa β dan fasa kedua γ dengan morfologi rosette-like di dalam matriks dan batas butir. Hasil pencelupan DQ dan UQ menghasilkan fasa martensit β′ berupa garis tipis dan fasa β, sedangkan pencelupan SQ memiliki fasa martensit β′ berupa garis tipis, fasa β , dan fasa γ sisa akibat laju pendinginan yang lambat. Untuk nilai kekerasan paduan adalah 293,2 HV (as-cast), 311,3 HV (as-homogenized), 286,7 HV (DQ), 287,1 HV (UQ) dan 283,5 HV (SQ). Strain recovery tidak dapat diukur karena sampel mengalami perpatahan saat ditekuk. ......Shape memory alloy is one of the smart materials that have capability to remember their original shape after deformation followed by heating at certain temperature. Cu-based alloys can be used as an alterlative to the commonly used Ni-Ti alloys, has good shape memory properties and is affordable. In the research, the effect of quenching method on microstructure and hardness of Cu-25.9Al-3.6Mn (at. %) alloy was studied. The alloy was prepared by gravity casting and homogenized at 900 °C for 2 hours followed by cooling at room temperature. Furthermore, betatizing was carried out at 900 °C for 30 minutes and followed by three quenching methods, Direct Quench (DQ), Up Quench (UQ) and Step Quench (SQ). The Characterization was conducted by Optical Microscope (OM) Scanning Electron Microscopy -Energy Dispersive Xray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), strain recovery test, and microvickers. The results of observations of the as-cast and as-homogenized microstructure alloys consist of a β phase matrix and a γ phase precipitate with rosette-like morphology in the matrix and grain boundaries. DQ and UQ quenching results have β′ martensite phase in the form of thin lines and retained β phase, while SQ quenching has β′ martensite phase in the form of thin lines, retain β phase, and retain γ phase appears due to slow cooling rate. The alloy hardness values are 293.2 HV (as-cast), 311.3 HV (as-homogenized), 286.7 HV (DQ), 287.1 HV (UQ) and 283.5 HV (SQ) respectively. Strain recovery could not be measured from the samples because the samples fracture when bent.

Abstrak :
The book provides readers with a snapshot of recent research and industrial trends in field of industrial acoustics and vibration. Each chapter, accepted after a rigorous peer-review process, reports on a selected, original piece of work presented and discussed at the Second International Conference on Acoustics and Vibration (ICAV2018), which was organized by the Tunisian Association of Industrial Acoustics and Vibration (ATAVI) and held March 19-21, in Hammamet, Tunisia. The contributions cover advances in both theory and practice in a variety of subfields, such as: smart materials and structures; fluid-structure interaction; structural acoustics as well as computational vibro-acoustics and numerical methods. Further topics include: engines control, noise identification, robust design, flow-induced vibration and many others. This book provides a valuable resource for both academics and professionals dealing with diverse issues in applied mechanics. By combining advanced theories with industrial issues, it is expected to facilitate communication and collaboration between different groups of researchers and technology users.