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Abstrak :
This book uses a substantively new research model and source base for studying the working lives of early modern men and women. With an innovative analytic method that is, in turn, yoked to a specially built database of source materials, the book revises many received opinions about the history of gender and work in Europe. The verb-oriented method finds the work verbs that appear incidentally in a wide variety of early modern sources and then analyzes the context in which they appear. By tying information technologies and computer-assisted analysis to the analytic powers, both quantitative and qualitative of professional historians, the method gets much closer to a participatory observation of the micro-patterns of early modern life than was once believed possible. The book confronts a number of broad problems often debated by historians of gender and early modern Europe. First, it discusses the problem of assessing more accurately the incidence, character, and division of work. Second, it analyzes the configurations of work and human difference. Third, it deals with the extent to which work practices created notions of difference, gender difference but also other forms of difference, and, conversely, to what extent work practices contributed to notions of sameness and gender convergence. Finally, it studies the impact of processes of change: state formation, growing commercialization, and social differentiation.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini membahas mengenai domestikasi yang dialami oleh tenaga kerja wanita Jepang melalui fenomena matahara. Matahara adalah penindasan atau perlakuan diskriminatif di tempat kerja yang dilakukan terhadap tenaga kerja wanita yang sedang hamil. Berdasarkan data-data yang didapat, korban matahara menerima anjuran atau paksaan untuk berhenti bekerja supaya dapat menjadi ibu sepenuhnya. Keberadaan sosok suami yang dianggap mampu memberikan nafkah juga menjadi salah satu alasan pelaku dalam melakukan matahara. Kedua hal ini menunjukkan adanya indikasi pandangan masyarakat Jepang mengenai pembagian kerja seksual yang memunculkan domestikasi berupa matahara. Domestikasi yang tercermin dalam fenomena matahara ini menunjukkan bahwa tenaga kerja wanita Jepang merupakan korban kekerasan simbolik berupa dominasi wacana yang sarat akan pembagian kerja seksual. ...... This study focuses on the domestication experienced by Japanese women workers observed through the phenomenon of matahara. Matahara is the oppression or discriminatory treatment at work done towards pregnant workers. Based on the data obtained, the matahara victims received suggestion or coercion to stop working in order to become full time mother. The existence of a husband who is considered capable of providing a living is also seen to be a reason for the perpetrators in doing matahara. Both of these points indicate the Japanese society 39 s view toward sexual division of labor which encourage the domestication through matahara. The domestication reflected in matahara phenomenon shows that Japanese women workers are victims of symbolic violence in the form of domination of discourse which is full of sexual division of labor.