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"Suatu re-engineering analysis oleh lembaga independen dilakukan terhadap platform-platform lepas pantai penunjang kegiatan eksplorasi dan produksi suatu area kontrak bagi hasil yang akan habis service lifenya untuk menentukan apakah platform-platform tersebut layak untuk dipergunakan kembali atau tidak selama jangka waktu tertentu kedepan hingga kontrak bagi hasil area tersebut berakhir. Dengan pendekatan manajemen resiko berdasarkan ISO 31000, perpanjangan service life platform-platform berdasarkan hasil re-engineering analysis ini akan di analisa resikonya untuk mengetahui tingkatan resiko dan akibatnya terhadap orang, lingkungan, aset, serta reputasi pada perusahaan yang mengoperasikan platform-platform tersebut sehingga dapat ditentukan langkah-langkah mitigasi yang akan diambil untuk menghilangkan atau mengurangi dampak dari resikoresiko tersebut dengan mempertimbangkan keekonomisan masing-masing lapangan dalam kaitannya untuk menjamin pemasukan pendapatan bagi negara dan perusahaan.

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A re-engineering analysis was conducted by an independent body to some extended service life offshore platforms that supporting exploration and exploitation activities for one of the production sharing contract company to decide whether the platform is feasible or not to be utilized during certain time in the future until the production sharing contract is expired. By the risk management which refer to ISO 31000, the risks from the extended service life of the platform will be analyzed to find out their risk level and its impact to people, environment, assets, and company reputation, therefore some mitigation actions can be made to avoid or minimize its impacts by considering the economical aspect of the oilfield in conjunction with ensuring positive income for both government and company."

"ABSTRAKBeban lalu lintas yang melebihi yang direncanakan menyebabkan kerusakan jalan terjadi lebih awal. Salah satu penyebab kerusakan ini adalah akibat muatan berlebih pada angkutan truk. Kajian ini melakukan analisis perubahan muatan kendaraan truk hingga melebihi beban muatan yang ditetapkan terhadap pengaruhnya pada umur perkerasan jalan beton. Lokasi penelitian yaitu di Tol Jakarta-Cikampek (km.39), Jalur Pantura di ruas jalan Bypass Jomin Cikampek dan Jalan Raya Cibinong di ruas jalan Mayor Oking Bogor. Data lalulintas selanjutnya dihitung untuk umur perkerasan selama 10 tahun. Prediksi data lalu lintas ini untuk mengetahui tebal perkerasan jalan beton dengan menggunakan metode Bina Marga. Dari analisis data, diperoleh penurunan umur perkerasan pada tebal plat 21 cm untuk beban berlebih mencapai 30% terjadi penurunan umur perkerasan 35%. Bila dilakukan pengalihan muatan truk 2 as ke truk lebih dari 2as sebesar 1,5 kali maka akan terjadi penurunan umur perkerasan 54%. Struktur jalan beton sangat sensitive terhadap kenaikan muatan batas sumbu yang mendekati MST 10 Ton.

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ABSTRACTTraffic load that exceeds the designed road causing damage to occur earlier. One cause of this damage is due to excessive loads on heavy vehicles. This study analyzes changes in heavy vehicle charges to exceed the specified weight of cargo on its influence on service life of concrete pavement. The research location is in Tol Jakarta-Cikampek (km.39), Line North Coast of Java, in Cikampek Bypass road, and Highway Cibinong in Bogor Oking Major road. Traffic data was calculated for the expected design life of 10 years. Prediction of traffic data is to determine the thickness of concrete pavement using the methods of Bina Marga. From the analysis of data, obtained by decreasing the age of pavement on concrete 21 cm thick to reach the 30% overload decreased 35% pavement service life. When done transfer of cargo trucks 2 axles to the truck more than 2as of 1.5 times there will be a 54% reduction in pavement life. The structure of concrete roads is very sensitive to increases in near-axis boundary load 10 tons of MST."

"Dengan adanya permintaan minyak bumi dan gas di dunia, proses pengolahan minyak dan gas pada suatu pabrik atau industri dinilai sangat kompleks dengan berbagai peralatan yang memiliki peranan sangat penting sehingga dapat mengancam keselamatan, bahaya serta dapat menjadi penghalang dalam proses produksi, seperti halnya yang akan dibahas di dalam tesis ini yaitu Bejana Tekan berupa Slop Drum. Analisis data telah didapatkan dari hasil perhitungan risk based inspection dengan menggunakan metode semi kuantitatif sehingga dapat menentukan risiko dengan perhitungan kemungkinan dan konsekuensi dari bejana tekan ini berdasarkan faktor kerusakan yang terjadi atau sesuai dengan kondisi peralatan saat ini. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bejana tekan ini yang telah berumur 37 tahun, nilai sisa umur layan (EL) minimum adalah 30 tahun yang ditemukan pada komponen Nozzle N12-Pipe Weld dengan laju korosi adalah 0,105 mmpy. Penelitian ini mengindikasi bahwa pemilihan strategi inspeksi berdasarkan tingkat kategori risiko yang dihasilkan.

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Having the worldwide demand for oil and gas, the oil and gas processing process in a factory or industry is considered very complex, with different machinery that has an extremely significant function so that it can threaten safety, be dangerous, and become an obstacle in the production process, as will be discussed in this thesis, which includes a Pressure Vessel that takes the shape of a Slop Drum. Data analysis has been performed on the results of risk-based inspection calculations using semi-quantitative methods, which allowed risk to be identified by calculating the possibilities and consequences of this pressure vessel based on the damage factors that occur or the current condition of the equipment. The outcomes of the investigation indicate that this pressure vessel is 37 years, with a minimum remaining service life (EL) value of 30 years found in the N12-Pipe Weld Nozzle component with a corrosion rate of 0.105 mmpy. The present research demonstrated that inspection procedures are determined based on the resulting risk category level."

"This volume contains the proceedings of the 8th International PhD Student Workshop on Service Life and Durability of Reinforced Concrete Structures that was held in Marne-la-Vallee, France, on September the 26th and 27th 2016.Topics discussed in the book are related to durability performance of reinforced concrete, service life modelling, prevention, protection and repair.Reinforced concrete structures may prove to be very durable, however, their gradual degradation over time impairing both serviceability and structural safety is still a matter of great practical concern in view of the large economic consequences for assessment, maintenance and repair. Corrosion of steel reinforcement is considered to be the most detrimental process responsible for structural deterioration.Many studies are in progress to develop a comprehensive engineering approach for assessment of the initiation and the propagation period of corrosion in both uncracked and cracked concrete. Modelling of chloride penetration and carbonation has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years, however, there is still much debate on several essential aspects such as the chloride threshold level. ASR, and acid, sulphate and frost attack and other mechanisms remain important areas of study. In addition, the interaction between different degradation mechanisms requires further understanding.The worskhop was organised under the auspices of RILEM EAC (Educational Activities Committee), with the aim to bring together young researchers in the field of durability of concrete."

"ABSTRAKKerusakan jalan y ang terjadi lebih cepat dari umur y ang direncanakan sudah sering terjadi. Salah satu peny ebabnya adalah beban muatan berlebih pada kendaraan truk. Kelebihan muatan berdamp ak pada beban muatan sumbu meleb ihi ketentuan beban yang diijin kan oleh Direktorat Jendral Peruhubungan Darat. M elalui kajian ini dianalisis sejauh mana tingkat kerusakan jalan y ang ditimbulkan oleh p rosentase kenaikan jumlah muatan kendaraan truk y ang mengakib atkan muatan melebihi batas ijin. Lokasi penelitian y aitu di Jalan Tol Jakarta-Cikampek (km.39), jalur pantura di ruas jalan Bypass Jomin Cikamp ek dan Jalan Ray a Cibinon g d i ruas jalan M ayor Oking Bogor. Data lalulintas dihitung untuk umur perkerasan selama 10 tahun, sehingga dapat diketahui tebal perkerasan jalan lentur dengan menggunakan metode Bina M arga. Dari hasil kajian dapat diketahui bahwa penambahan muatan berlebih hingga 30% akan mengurangi umur rencan a perkerasan hingga 48. Namun bila terjadi p engalihan truk 2as ke truk yang memiliki jumlah sumbuny a lebih bany ak maka akan memperlambat terjadinya kerusakan.

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ABSTRACTRoad damage o ccurring faster than the designed life is common. One reason is the burden of excessive loads on trucks. Impact on the overloaded axle load exceeds the load requirements as permitted by the Directorate General of Land Transp ortation. Through this study analy zed the extent of road damage caused by the percentage incr ease in cargo trucks that resulted in the charge which exceeds the limit allowed. The research location is in Jakarta-Cikampek toll road (k m.39), coast lines in C ikamp ek Jomin Byp ass road, and Highway Cibinon g in Bogor Oking M ajor road. Data traffic is calculated for the expected design life of 10 years, so it can be seen a thick flexible p avement using the methods of Bina M arga. From the results of the study can be seen that the addition of excess charges up to 30% will reduce the design life of pavement up to 48%. But if there is transfer of 2as truck to the truck that has a number of axes more it will slow the damage."

"ABSTRAKFenomena muatan berlebih masih menjadi pemandangan sehari-hari di Indonesiadan hal itu dituding sebagai salah satu penyebab gagal dini usia layan perkerasan.Tesis ini meneliti dua kondisi yang berbeda; pertama, apabila truk membawa 5 ,10 , 15 , 20 , 25 dan 30 muatan berlebih dan yang ke dua apabiladilakukan simulasi mengandaikan kebijakan zero overloading ditegakkan dandigunakan truk semi trailer 6 as untuk mengakomodasi muatan yang belumterangkut. Digunakan Rumus Liddle dengan faktor k 1 untuk sumbu tunggal,0.086 untuk sumbu tandem dan 0.031 untuk sumbu tridem. Terjadi perbedaanumur pelayanan yang signifikan di antara dua kondisi tersebut.

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ABSTRACT

Overloading phenomenon is a common view in Indonesia, accused of earlydamage on pavement. This thesis is trying to evaluate the differences between twoconditions first condition as if overloading trucks bring 5 , 10 , 15 , 20 ,25 dan 30 more load, and the second condition as if applied zero overloadingand used 6 axle truck to acomodate unloaded logistics. Liddle rsquo s formula will beused with the k factor 1 for tandem axle, 0.086 for tandem, and 0.031 for tridemaxle. Service life significantly differ between the first and the second condition,under the regulation, the percentage of CESA number rsquo s reduction are almostdouble of overloading percentage carried by the vehicles."

"Skripsi ini membahas pengaruh beban muatan angkutan kendaraan berlebih truk terhadap perkiraan umur layanan perkerasan lentur. Kekuatan perkerasan jalan direncanakan berdasarkan beban rencana dan umur rencana, akan tetapi kenyataan dilapangan banyak terjadi pelanggaran muatan kendaraan truk berupa kelebihan muatan dari batas muatan maksimum yang di tetapkan. Muatan kendaran berlebih ini kemudian menyebabkan beban sumbu meningkat dari beban sumbu yang ditetapkan oleh peraturan. Peningkatan beban sumbu akibat peningkatan beban muatan ini akan berpengaruh terhadap perubahan umur layan jalan. Penilitian ini menggambarkan seberapa besar pengaruh peningkatan beban muatan berlebih kendaraan truk terhadap perubahan umur layanan perkerasan.

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The Focus of this study is the effect of overloaded truck towards estimated service life of road pavement. The strength of road pavement is designed based on load design and life time design, but facts show that many trucks on the road are overloaded. These overload trucks are then causes axle load increases from axle load that appointed by regulation. This overload enhanced consequence service life to decrease. This study describe how overloaded truck effect changes the service life of road pavement."