Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Telah dilakukan penelitian cara pemisahan fruktosa, glukosa dan sukrosa dari empat belas jenis madu dengan metoda kroniatografi kertas menurun dengan hasil yang cukup memuaskan. Pemeriksaan semi kuantitatif dilakukan secara visual dengan membandingkan besar bercak dan intensitas warna gula-gula dalam madu dengan larutan standar. Menurut persyaratan Standar Industri Indonesia (SII), dalam madu kadar total fruktosa dan glukosa minimal 60 % serta kadar sukrosa maksimal 8 %. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kadar gula-gula didalam madu yang diperiksa memenuhi persyaratan SII, kecuali kadar sukrosa madu dalam negri yang melampaui syarat tersebut. Secara kualitatif madu-madu yang diperiksa menunjukkan rasa manis, bau harum,berwarna terang hingga gelap, bersifat asam, berkonsistensi kental dan secara mikroskopis menunjukkan satu atau lebih bentuk tepung sari.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Risiko kebakaran dan ledakan mengakibatkan kerugian terhadap keselamatan pekerja, pencemaran lingkungan, kerusakan perangkat kerja dan kredibilitas perusahaan. Fasilitas gas memiliki risiko kebakaran dan ledakan karena natural gas merupakan highly flammable dari campuran metana (utama : 70-90%), etana dan sedikit senyawa lain. Oleh karena itu, sebagai dasar upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian terhadap konsekuensi yang ditimbulkan dari risiko kebakaran dan ledakan dengan menurunkan dampak/konsekuensi ketingkat yang bisa diterima (aceptable level) pada fasilitas pengolahan gas (separation system, gas processing system dan fuel gas system), diperlukan analisis semi-kuantitatif risiko kebakaran dan ledakan.

Teknik yang digunakan adalah melakukan analisis data sekunder (studi HAZID, studi HAZOP, Bow-tie Analysis dan simulasi PHAST). Hasil penelitian ini sebagai dasar upaya mengetahui faktor-faktor dominan yang menyebabkan kejadian kebakaran dan ledakan pada fasilitas pengolahan gas. Dari hasil simulasi crystal ball didapat total forecast memiliki angka 4.30 dimana jika dilihat di matriks resiko maka berada dilevel medium risk yang berati bahwa fasilitas pengolahan gas termasuk katagori risiko masih dapat diterima. Untuk sensitivity, perubahan tekanan (16.0%), perubahan suhu (15.9%) dan kelebihan tekanan (15.8%) merupakan faktor yang paling sensitif terhadap perubahan dibandingkan faktor-faktor lainnya. Selain itu, dapat membantu dalam menentukan rekomendasi yang tepat untuk diterapkan pada fasilitas pengolahan gas tersebut.

---

ABSTRACT
Risk of fire and explosion resulted in the loss of the worker safety, environmental pollution, damage to the work and credibility of the company. Gas facility has a risk of fire and explosion because natural gas is a highly flammable mixture of methane (major: 70-90%), ethane and a bit of other compounds. Therefore, as a basis for prevention and control of the consequences arising from the risk of fire and explosion by reducing the impact / consequences to the level that can be accepted (aceptable level) with a precise cost on gas processing facilities (separation systems, gas processing system and fuel gas system), a semiquantitative analysis is required the risk of fire and explosion.

The technique used is to conduct a secondary data analysis (HAZID and HAZOP studies, Bow-tie Analysis and PHAST simulation). The results of this study as a basis for efforts to determine the dominant factors that cause the occurrence of fire and explosion at a gas processing facility. From the simulation results obtained crystal ball that total forecast has the number 4.30 which when seen in the risk matrix was at medium risk which means that the gas processing facility including the safe category/tolerable risk. For sensitivity, pressure changes (16.0%), themperature changes (15.9%) and excess pressure (15.8%), are the factors that are most sensitive to change than other factors. In addition, it can assist in determining the appropriate recommendations to be applied to the gas processing facility.;Risk of fire and explosion resulted in the loss of the worker safety, environmental pollution, damage to the work and credibility of the company. Gas facility has a risk of fire and explosion because natural gas is a highly flammable mixture of methane (major: 70-90%), ethane and a bit of other compounds. Therefore, as a basis for prevention and control of the consequences arising from the risk of fire and explosion by reducing the impact / consequences to the level that can be accepted (aceptable level) with a precise cost on gas processing facilities (separation systems, gas processing system and fuel gas system), a semiquantitative analysis is required the risk of fire and explosion. The technique used is to conduct a secondary data analysis (HAZID and HAZOP studies, Bow-tie Analysis and PHAST simulation). The results of this study as a basis for efforts to determine the dominant factors that cause the occurrence of fire and explosion at a gas processing facility. From the simulation results obtained crystal ball that total forecast has the number 4.30 which when seen in the risk matrix was at medium risk which means that the gas processing facility including the safe category/tolerable risk. For sensitivity, pressure changes (16.0%), themperature changes (15.9%) and excess pressure (15.8%), are the factors that are most sensitive to change than other factors. In addition, it can assist in determining the appropriate recommendations to be applied to the gas processing facility., Risk of fire and explosion resulted in the loss of the worker safety, environmental pollution, damage to the work and credibility of the company. Gas facility has a risk of fire and explosion because natural gas is a highly flammable mixture of methane (major: 70-90%), ethane and a bit of other compounds. Therefore, as a basis for prevention and control of the consequences arising from the risk of fire and explosion by reducing the impact / consequences to the level that can be accepted (aceptable level) with a precise cost on gas processing facilities (separation systems, gas processing system and fuel gas system), a semiquantitative analysis is required the risk of fire and explosion. The technique used is to conduct a secondary data analysis (HAZID and HAZOP studies, Bow-tie Analysis and PHAST simulation). The results of this study as a basis for efforts to determine the dominant factors that cause the occurrence of fire and explosion at a gas processing facility. From the simulation results obtained crystal ball that total forecast has the number 4.30 which when seen in the risk matrix was at medium risk which means that the gas processing facility including the safe category/tolerable risk. For sensitivity, pressure changes (16.0%), themperature changes (15.9%) and excess pressure (15.8%), are the factors that are most sensitive to change than other factors. In addition, it can assist in determining the appropriate recommendations to be applied to the gas processing facility.]

Abstrak :
Penilaian risiko pada proses pressing di PT. XYZ perlu dilakukan karena terdapat potensi bahaya yang sering ditemukan. Hazard yang sering ditemukan diantaranya bahaya fisik, kimia, dan biomekanik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja dari setiap aktivitas kerja yang ada pada proses pressing di PT. XYZ. Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif observasional yang mengacu terhadap kerangka manajemen risiko AS/NZS 4360. Identifikasi risiko dilakukan menggunakan Job Hazard Analysis. Analisis risiko dilakukan menggunakan metode semikuantitatif W.T Fine. Analisis risiko dilakukan dengan menentukan nilai consequences, probability, dan exposure, lalu dihitung dengan mengalikan masing-masing nilai tersebut. Selanjutnya skor risiko yang didapat akan dibandingkan dengan standar tingkat risiko semi kuantitatif W.T Fine. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa risiko yang ditemukan diantaranya risiko terpajan bising, suhu panas, uap kimia, dan risiko terpajan hazard biomekanik. Selain itu pekerja juga berisiko kejatuhan benda, terjepit, dan terjatuh. Tingkat risiko paling tinggi adalah risiko terpajan bising dan terpajan rubber fume. ......Risk assessment at pressing process in PT. XYZ needs to be done because there are hazards oftenly found in the workplace. Those hazards mostly are physical, chemical, and biomechanical. This study aims to determine the occupational health and safety risk level at every activities within pressing process in PT. XYZ. This study uses descriptive observational approach which refers to AS NZS 4360 standard. Risks in each activities are identified using Job Hazard Analysis. The identifed risks are analyzed using W.T Fine semi quantitative method. Risk analysis is performed by determining consequences, probability, and exposure scores, and then will be calculated by multiplying each scores. Risk scores are then compared with the W.T Fine semi quantitative standard risk level. The result of this study indicates that there are various risks found in the process, such as noise, thermal environment, heat, chemical mist and fume, and biomechanical hazards. Moreover, workers are likely to be exposed to gravitational hazards, get squeezed by objects, and fall. The two highest risks level are risk of being exposed to noise and rubber fume.

Abstrak :
Kanker payudara merupakan penyakit kanker yang berkembang dari jaringan epitel duktus dan kelenjar susu dalam payudara. Kanker payudara merupakan kanker dengan prevalensi tertinggi di dunia dan telah mengalami kenaikan jumlah kasus yang signifikan (16,6%) per tahun 2020 di Indonesia. Pengobatan dengan kemoterapi telah umum dilakukan namun dilaporkan memiliki banyak efek samping. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan prediksi kemosensitivitas pada pasien sebelum obat diberikan. Prediksi kemosensitivitas dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan kultur primer metode eksplan sebagai patient-derived model in vitro yang menggunakan sel primer langsung dari pasien dan dapat memprediksi respons klinis terhadap obat. Adanya ekspresi relatif gen c-Myc selaku oncogene addiction gene dapat menjadi biomarker potensial pada kultur eksplan setelah diberi perlakuan Doxorubicin. Pada penelitian ini, ekspresi c-Myc pada jaringan asal dan kultur eksplan serta pada kultur eksplan sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan diukur menggunakan metode semi kuantitatif RT-PCR dengan tahapan isolasi RNA, kuantifikasi, amplifikasi, dan visualisasi dengan elektroforesis. Kultur eksplan yang berhasil ditumbuhkan adalah sampel luminal A dan B. Sampel A menunjukkan migrasi sel hingga konfluensi 50%. Sementara uji viabilitas pada hasil kultur sampel B menunjukkan persentase viabilitas kultur non-treatment 60% dan treatment dosis 0,68 μM 41%. Hasil visualisasi elektroforesis tidak menunjukkan adanya ekspresi c-Myc di seluruh sampel. ......Breast cancer is a malignant tumor formacy on ductus epithelial tissue and mammary gland of the breast. The prevalence number of breast cancer is currently leading among other cancers in the world and significantly increasing especially in Indonesia (16,6% new cases in 2020). Treatment using chemotherapy agents is the most common option for patients but has many side effects. Chemosensitivity prediction using an in vitro model is recommended for more personalized treatment, and can be performed using primary culture (explant method) as an in vitro patient-derived model that uses primary cells directly from the patient and can predict pathological response to chemotherapy agents. c-Myc gene as an oncogene addiction gene can be a potential biomarker of explant cultures after being treated by Doxorubicin. In this study, c-Myc expression in fresh tissue and explant culture, also in culture prior to and after treatment, was measured using a semi quantitative RT-PCR method involving the process of RNA isolation, quantification, amplification, and visualization using electrophoresis. Luminal A and Luminal B samples of explant culture were successfully grown and harvested. A sample showed cell migration up to 50% confluency. Meanwhile, the viability test on the results of the B culture showed the viability percentage of non-treatment culture was 60% and 0,68 μM treatment dose culture 41%. The results of electrophoretic visualization consistently showed downregulation of c-Myc in the form of a very low expression in all samples.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Pengobatan Kanker kepala leher (KKL) melalui terapi radiasi maupun kemoradiasi sering menimbulkan efek samping. Efek samping terapi radiasi pasien KKL menyebabkan gangguan asupan yang meningkatkan kejadian malnutrisi. Ketersediaan jalur nutrisi enteral merupakan salah satu tata laksana nutrisi yang dapat diberikan untuk mencegah penurunan asupan dan status gizi pasien KKL. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat korelasi antara ketersediaan jalur nutrisi enteral dengan pemenuhan nutrisi dan status gizi. Metode: Studi potong lintang dilakukan pada subjek dewasa dengan KKL pasca terapi radiasi di poliklinik radioterapi RSCM. Pemenuhan nutrisi dinilai dengan FFQ semi kuantitatif sedangkan status gizi diukur dengan menghitung indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Ketersediaan jalur nutrisi enteral didapatkan melalui wawancara dan rekam medis pasien. Hasil: Sebanyak 41 subjek penelitian dengan rerata usia 51 tahun ikut serta dalam penelitian. Sebagian besar subjek adalah laki-laki, diagnosis kanker nasofaring, stadium IV, dan jalur nutrisi oral. Rerata IMT subjek 20,5 ± 3,6 kg/m2 dan rerata asupan subjek 1336,7 ± 405,5 kkal/hari. Rerata IMT subjek dengan jalur nutrisi enteral lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan jalur nutrisi oral yaitu 18,2 ± 2,6 kg/m2 dibanding 21,2 ± 3,5 kg/m2. Rerata total asupan energi subjek dengan jalur nutrisi enteral lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan jalur nutrisi oral yaitu 1498,1 ± 430,6 kkal/hari dibanding 1291,4 ± 393,3 kkal/hari. Terdapat korelasi nagatif sedang antara ketersediaan jalur nutrisi enteral dengan status gizi (r=-0,346, p=0,027) dan korelasi positif lemah dengan pemenuhan nutrisi (r=0,216, p=0,174). Meskipun demikian pada penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa proporsi subjek yang mendapat jalur nutrisi enteral dan mengalami penurunan IMT lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan proporsi subjek yang menggunakan jalur oral, yaitu 22,2% dengan 43,8%. Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi negatif sedang yang signifikan antara ketersediaan jalur nutrisi enteral dengan status gizi dan korelasi positif lemah dengan pemenuhan nutrisi yang masih dipengaruhi oleh faktor perancu penelitian. ......Background: Treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC) through radiation therapy or chemoradiation often lead to side effects. The side effect of radiation therapy in HNC patients might deteriorate food intake that increase the incidence of malnutrition. The availability of enteral nutrition is one of nutritional interventions that can be provided to prevent detrimental of food intake and nutritional status in HNC patients. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between the availability of enteral nutrition with nutritional fulfillment and nutritional status. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted on adult HNC patients after radiation therapy at Radiotherapy Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Nutritional fulfillment was assessed by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) while nutritional status was measured by calculating body mass index (BMI). The availability of enteral route was obtained through interviews and patients medical records. Results: A total of 41 subjects with a mean age of 51 years participated in the study. Most of the subjects were male, with stage IV nasopharyngeal cancer and oral nutrition route. The mean of BMI was 20,5 ± 3,6 kg/m2 and the mean food intake was 1336,7 ± 405,5 kcal/day. The mean BMI of subjects with enteral nutrition was lower than those on oral nutrition, which was 18,2 ± 2,6 kg/m2 compared to 21,2 ± 3,5 kg/m2. The mean total energy intake of subjects with enteral nutrition route was higher than oral nutrition route, which was 1498,1 ± 430,6 kcal/day compared to 1291,4 ± 393,3 kcal/day. There was a moderate negative correlation between the availability of enteral nutrition and nutritional status (r=-0,346, p=0,027), meanwhile there was a weak positive correlation with nutritional fulfillment (r=0,216, p=0,174). However, in this study we found that the proportion of subjects with enteral nutrition who experienced a decrease of BMI was less than the proportion of subjects on the oral route, which was 22,2% compared to 43,8%, respectively. Conclusion: There is a moderate negative correlation between the availability of enteral nutrition which was statistically significant with nutritional status and a weak correlation with nutritional fulfillment which was still influenced by confounding factors.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Penurunan massa bebas lemak dan status fungsional akan mempengaruhi prognosis pada pasien kanker kepala leher. Pembentukan massa bebas lemak dipengaruhi berbagai hal termasuk nutrisi. Salah satu zat gizi yang berperan dalam adalah asam amino rantai cabang. Karnofsky Performance Scales (KPS) adalah salah satu parameter status fungsional yang dinilai secara rutin untuk pasien kanker Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi antara asupan asam amino rantai cabang dengan massa bebas lemak dan status fungsional pada pasien kanker kepala dan leher. Metode: Studi potong lintang ini dilakukan pada subjek dewasa dengan kanker kepala leher secara consecutive sampling method di poliklinik radioterapi RSCM. Wawancara dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan data karakteristik dasar, data asupan zat gizi dan penilaian status fungsional. Pengukuran komposisi tubuh massa bebas lemak dengan alat bioimpedance analysis single Frequency. Pengukuran status fungsional dengan KPS. Hasil: Sebanyak 77 subjek penelitian dengan rerata usia 52 tahun, dengan sebagian besar berjenis kelamin laki-laki, 61 % berpendidikan menengah dan sebagian besar bekerja. Lokasi kanker terbanyak pada nasofaring dengan jenis karsinoma sel skuamosa dan stadium IV. Rerata subjek memiliki status gizi normal. Penilaian 3 x24-h Food Recall didapatkan dengan rerata asupan energi 27,44 kkal/kgBB dan protein 1,33 g/kgBB. Penilaian rerata asupan AARC dengan FFQ semi kuantitatif pada subjek penelitian didapatkan sebesar 10,99 gram. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan rerata nilai massa bebas lemak 42,10 kg dengan sebanyak 46 % subjek penelitian laki- laki memiliki index massa bebas lemak < 17 kg/m2 sedangkan pada subjek penelitian wanita terdapat 16 % dengan index massa bebas lemak <15 kg/m2 Status fungsional dengan menggunakan KPS subjek penelitian dengan median 90 dengan nilai minimum 40. Sekitar 11,6% subjek penelitian yang memiliki nilai KPS kurang dari sama dengan 70. Terdapat korelasi lemah antara asupan asam amino rantai cabang dengan massa bebas lemak (r=0,238, p=0,037).Tidak terdapat korelasi antara asupan AARC dengan status fungsional (r=0.147; p>0.05) Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi bermakna yang lemah antara asupan AARC dengan massa bebas lemak dan tidak terdapat korelasi antara asupan AARC dengan status fungsional pada subjek kanker kepala leher ......Background: Decreased fat-free mass and functional status will affect the prognosis in head and neck cancer patients. The formation of fat-free mass is influenced by various things including nutrition. One of the nutrients that play a role in is branched chain amino acids. Karnofsky Performance Scales (KPS) is a functional status parameter that is routinely assessed for cancer patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on adult subjects with head and neck cancer by consecutive sampling method at the radiotherapy polyclinic RSCM. Interviews were conducted to collect data on basic characteristics, data on nutrient intake and assessment of functional status. Measurement of body composition fat-free mass using a single Frequency bioimpedance analysis tool. Functional status measurement using the KPS. Results: A total of 77 study subjects with an average age of 52 years, with most of them being male, 61% having secondary education and most of them working. Most cancer locations in the nasopharynx with the type of squamous cell carcinoma and stage IV. On average, the subjects had normal nutritional status. The 3 x24-h Food Recall assessment was obtained with an average energy intake of 27.44 kcal/kgBW and protein 1.33 g/kgBW. The assessment of the average BCAA intake with semi-quantitative FFQ on research subjects was 10.99 grams. In this study, the average fat-free mass value was 42.10 kg with as many as 46% of male research subjects having a fat-free mass index <17 kg/m2 while in female research subjects there were 16% with a fat-free mass index <15 kg/m2. Functional status using KPS of research subjects with a median of 90 with a minimum value of 40. Approximately 11.6% of study subjects had a KPS value of less than 70. There was a weak correlation between intake of branched-chain amino acids and fat-free mass (r=0.238, p=0.037. There was no correlation between BCAA intake and functional status (r=0.147; p>0.05) Conclusion: There is a weak significant correlation between BCAA intake and fat-free mass and there is no correlation between BCAA intake and functional status in head and neck cancer subjects