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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan perkembangan sektor finansial dan digitalisasi terhadap emisi CO2 di enam negara Asia selama periode 2005–2016. Dengan menggunakan estimator feasible generalized least square (FGLS), kami menemukan bahwa peningkatan perkembangan sektor finansial yang diukur dengan kredit domestik ke sektor swasta oleh bank dan nilai pasar saham yang diperdagangkan akan meningkatkan emisi karbon. Selain itu, studi ini juga menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan digitalisasi di sektor finansial yang diukur dengan menggunakan rasio M1 terhadap M2 akan meningkatkan emisi karbon. Namun, hubungan tersebut berbeda antara kelompok negara dengan tingkat pendapatan yang berbeda, di mana perkembangan sektor finansial merusak lingkungan di negara-negara berpenghasilan menengah, tetapi berkontribusi pada peningkatan kualitas lingkungan di negara-negara berpenghasilan tinggi.

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The focus of this study is to analyse the relationship of financial sector development and digitalization towards the CO2 emission in six Asian countries over the period 2005–2016. By using the feasible generalized least square (FGLS) estimator, we found that the increase in financial development measured by domestic credit to private sector by banks and stock market value traded will increase carbon emissions. Moreover, the study also shows that the increase in financial digitalization measured using the ratio of M1 to M2 will increase carbon emission. However, the relationship differs between group of countries with different incomelevel, where financial development is detrimental to the environment in middleincome countries, but contributes to improvement in environmental quality in highincome countries."

"Penelitian ini mendalami mengenai peran perkembangan sektor finansial terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Variabel-variabel sektor finansial yang digunakan adalah kapitalisasi pasar saham, kredit perbankan, dan jumlah uang beredar. Sementara itu perekonomian direpresentasikan dengan variabel PDB (Produk Domestik Bruto). Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode vector error correction model (VECM) dan impulse response function. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan metode VECM menunjukkan bahwa dalam jangka panjang variabel-variabel perkembangan sektor finansial memiliki hubungan jangka panjang dengan PDB. Berdasarkan analisis impulse response function, terlihat bahwa shock positif kapitalisasi pasar, kredit perbankan, dan jumlah uang beredar direspon positif searah oleh PDB.

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This research is exploring on the role of financial sector development to economic growth. Financial sector variables that are used in this is stock market capitalization, banking credit and money supply. Meanwhile, economy is represented by GDP. Analysis used in this research is Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), impulse response function. The result of the analysis shows that in the long term, financial development variables have causality relationship with GDP. Based on impulse response function analysis, it is seen that positive shock of financial sector variables responded with the increasing GDP in the next 10 years."

"This study examines the dynamic interactions between financial and business sector which are proxied with industrial growth, credit growth, property price growth and stock index growth using the spillover index approach of Diebold, et al, 2012 . Based on quarterly data on each variable over the period 1984q1 2015q4 for the ASEAN 4 countries, this study find that 1 spillovers between variables evolve rather heterogeneously over time for each country, 2 in the period shortly before crises, the link between variables become more pronounced both within and across the countries. In particular, the real sector plays a dominant role during earlier stages of the crisis, while the financial sector quickly takes over as the dominant source of spillovers in deepening the crisis. 3 credit growth in Thailand is the dominant transmitter of shocks to the ASEAN 3 countries. Overall, this result suggests that the magnitude and direction of spillovers between financial and business sector vary over time along with changes in the economic environment."

"Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi pengaruh proporsi direktur wanita dalam jajaran direksi terhadap performa keuangan perusahaan dalam sektor industri dan sektor keuangan di Indonesia pada 2017 hingga 2021. Performa keuangaan perusahaan diukur melalui ROA dan Price-to-Book Value (PtBV). Sampel penelitian ini adalah 43 perusahaan sektor industri dan 102 perusahaan sektor keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Data penelitian diolah menggunakan regresi data panel dengan metode estimasi Fixed Effect Model dan Random Effect Model. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa proporsi direktur wanita dalam jajaran direksi tidak berpengaruh pada performa keuangan perusahaan jika tidak ada pengaruh dari variabel lain. Proporsi direktur wanita dalam jajaran direksi terbukti berpengaruh terhadap ROA perusahaan apabila terdapat leverage dalam keuangan perusahaan. Pengujian terhadap intensitas pembelanjaan modal dan leverage dalam keuangan perusahaan menunjukkan bahwa kedua variabel tersebut berpengaruh terhadap ROA perusahaan.

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This study identifies the effect of the proportion of female directors on the board of directors on the financial performance of companies in the industrial and financial sectors in Indonesia in the range of years from 2017 to 2021. The company's financial performance is measured through Return on Assets (ROA) and Price-to-Book Value (PtBV). The sample of this research are 43 companies in the industrial sector and 102 companies in the financial sector which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The research data was processed using panel data regression with the Fixed Effect Model and Random Effect Model estimation methods. This study found that the proportion of female directors on the board of directors is not related to the financial performance of companies in Indonesia if there is no influence from other variables. The proportion of female directors in the board of directors is proven to have an effect on the Return on Assets (ROA) of companies in Indonesia if there is influence from leverage in the company's finances. Tests on the control variables, namely the intensity of capital expenditure and leverage in corporate finance, show that these two variables affect the company's Return on Assets (ROA)."

"Sektor keuangan global secara tradisional berpusat pada proses pembiayaan baik untuk entitas korporat maupun individu, dengan tindakan pembiayaan itu sendiri menjadi titik fokus penting dalam industri ini. Namun, meskipun signifikansinya, sistem ini tetap relatif tidak berubah seiring waktu hingga munculnya inovasi teknologi. Pengenalan teknologi keuangan (fintech) ke industri keuangan menandai titik perubahan yang transformatif. Pergeseran ini membawa peluang luar biasa bagi individu untuk mengakses jalur pembiayaan alternatif di luar batasan lembaga keuangan tradisional. Sementara transformasi ini terbukti menguntungkan beberapa negara, secara bersamaan menghadirkan tantangan bagi yang lain, menyoroti sifat ganda dampaknya. Dalam konteks di mana teknologi keuangan masuk ke pasar keuangan tanpa regulasi yang sesuai, pengaruh mereka menjadi senjata bermata dua. Ketidakberaturan ini memiliki konsekuensi serius, menyebabkan kejatuhan pengguna teknologi semacam itu.Studi ini menggali pemahaman terhadap peran penting yang dimainkan oleh pemerintah dalam integrasi teknologi keuangan ke dalam lanskap pasar keuangan. Secara khusus, fokus menyempit pada Pembiayaan Peer-to-Peer (P2P) sebagai contoh prominent dari teknologi keuangan. Metode investigasi melibatkan eksplorasi pengalaman pengguna sebelumnya, seperti India dan China, dalam menerapkan P2P lending. Dengan menganalisis pendekatan regulasi masing-masing, muncul wawasan yang dapat membimbing pengguna berikutnya, yang diwakili di sini oleh Indonesia. Wawasan ini menegaskan pentingnya keterlibatan pemerintah dalam mengatur kemajuan yang baru ini secara efektif.

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The global financial sector has traditionally centred around the processes of financing for both corporate entities and individuals, with the act of financing itself being a pivotal focal point within this industry. However, despite its significance, this system remained relatively unchanged over time until the advent of technological innovations. The introduction of financial technologies (fintech) to the financial industry marked a transformative juncture. This shift brought about remarkable opportunities for individuals to access alternative avenues of financing beyond the confines of traditional financial institutions. While this transformation proved advantageous for several countries, it simultaneously presented challenges for others, highlighting the dual nature of its impact. In contexts where financial technologies entered the financial markets without appropriate regulations, their influence became a double-edged sword. This lack of regulation had severe repercussions, leading to the downfall of earlier adopters of such technologies. This study delves into comprehending the crucial role that governments play in the integration of financial technologies into the financial market landscape. Specifically, the focus narrows down to Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending as one prominent example of a financial technology. The investigation method involves an exploration of the experiences of previous adopters, such as India and China, in implementing P2P lending. By analysing their respective regulatory approaches, insights emerge that can guide subsequent adopters, exemplified here by Indonesia. These insights underscore the imperative nature of government involvement in effectively regulating this novel advancement."