Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Variansi adalah salah satu teknik dalam metoda statistik yang digunakan untuk mencari dan menemukan suatu ukuran yang memberikan gambaran umum tentang bagaimana nilai-nilai pada suatu perangkat data itu beragam (bervariansi).
Dalam data seismik 3D variansi dapat digunakan untuk mengukur keragaman amplitudo secara lateral, perubahan amplitudo ini secara implisit dapat disebabkan oleh karena adanya patahan, rekahan, chanel ataupun perubahan 1ithologi. Informasi ini sangat diperlukan oleh para geofisikawan, geologiwan maupun para ahli reservoir dalam meningkatkan presisi pemodelan reservoir dan menurunkan resiko kegagalan dalam pemboran.
Pada tesis ini telah dilakukan pengujian penerapan teknik variansi dalam suatu volume data seismik 3D dengan berbagai macam konfigurasi trace kearah lateral, dan faktor pembobotan yang di gunakan untuk mengantenuasi noise sekaligus menormalisasikan harga varian dari setiap sampel yang dioperasikan secara vertikal.
Dan data citra time slice yang dihasilkan terdapat perbedaan yang cukup signifikan antara data volume seismik 3D sebelum dan sesudah dilakukannya proses variansi.
Pola struktur geologi, seperti patahan, rekahan dan chanel yang semula terpendam dalam data, setelah ditransformasikan kedalam domain variansi kini dapat terdefinisikan dengan jelas.

---

Variance is once of several kind statistical methods which is usually used to looking about the variant of our data set.
I n 3D seismic data, variance can be used for measuring the variance of seismic amplitude laterally. Implicitly, seismic amplitude changes can be happened due to faults, disjoints, chanels or lithology changes. This information is very important specially for geophysicist, geologist or reservoir engineer to improve their reservoir modelling and to decrease the risk of drilling failed.
In this thesis we have been tested the aplication of variance method into a 3D seismic data volume by several kind of seismic trace configuration, and also weightening factor to antenuate the noise and to normalize the variance value for each sample which was operated vertically.
Based on the time slice image that had been produced, there were significant diferences between 3D seismic data volume before and after applied variance process. The geological structure such us faults, disjoints and chanel which could not be seen on the conventional time slice after be transfered into variance domain their geological features can be defined with more clearly.

Abstrak :


ABSTRAK
Penggunaan survei seismik 3 dimensi telah menjadi metode unggulan dalam eksplorasi hidrokarbon. Geometri yang umum digunakan sebagai desain survei seismik 3D adalah penggunaan geometri Orthogonal di mana receiver line dan source line membentuk sudut 90o. Dalam penelitian ini geometri Orthogonal dikomparasikan menggunakan 3 geometri lain, yaitu Brick, Slanted dan Zig-Zag. Sedangkan model geologi yang digunakan adalah model sintetik dengan 3 lapisan horizon dan 1 patahan sebesar 500. Komparasi dihitung dalam 4 parameter yang berbeda, yaitu layout pengukuran, Bin Fold, ray tracing parameter dan pembuatan seismic section secara sintetik. Layout pengukuran menjelaskan secara umum parameter permukaan yang ada. Bin Fold menjelaskan parameter fold yang dihasilkan dari geometri. Semakin banyak Fold membuat CMP yang dapat di stack menjadi lebih banyak dan memberikan data yang lebih baik. Ray tracing atribut menjelaskan atribut dari jejak gelombang seismik yang terpantulkan pada bidang reflektor. Synthetic seismic section memberikan data seismik yang dapat diamati. Penelitian ini sebagian besar berurusan mengenai variasi aspek dari geometri survei desain dan dampaknya pada parameter permukaan dan juga Illumination Study dari ray tracing attribute serta sintetik seismic section.

---

ABSTRAK
The use of Seismic 3D method has been the most useful way in hydrocarbon exploration. In the acquisition, the most common geometry is the Orthogonal geometry where the receiver line and source line form a 90o angle. In this research, Orthogonal geometry is being compared to other 3 geometries, which are Brick, Slanted and Zig Zag. The geological model which is used in this research is using a synthetic geological model. The model is contained of 3 major layers and a normal fault structure with a 50o angle. The comparation is valued with 4 parameters, which are the acquisition layout, Bin Fold, ray tracing attribute and synthetic seismic section. The layout is defining about the surface parameter which deals about source and Receiver parameter. Bin Fold is about the Fold which is generated by the variety of the geometry. The higher Fold gives more stacked CMP and it will give more a good data. Ray tracing explain about the raytrace of the seismic wave which reflected from the reflector. Synthetic Seismic Section generate the seismic data which can be observed. This study deals with the various aspects of the geometry survey design and its impact to the surface parameter and the illumination study in ray tracing attribute to generate synthetic seismic section.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Lapangan Athar mulai berproduksi sejak tahun 1975 dengan produksi kumulatif mencapai 900 MMbbls dan RF 50%. Pada tahun 2011 dilakukan akuisisi seismik 3D untuk melihat remaining potential yang ada di lapangan ini. Analisa seismik 3D dengan atribut seismik dan inversi simultan memberikan hasil yang cukup baik untuk menentukan penyebaran batupasir dan hidrokarbon yang ada di dalam nya. Volume densitas hasil inversi, atribut minimum amplitude, dan atribut arc length membantu dalam mengidentifikasi penyebaran reservoar. Lambda-Rho dan AI membantu dalam mengidentifikasi area-area yang mengandung hidrokarbon. Interpretasi struktur di seismik menunjukkan adanya sesar minor, yang sebelumnya tidak teridentifikasi pada seismik 2D. Hasil analisa seismik digunakan dalam pembuatan 3D geomodel. Penentuan batas channel, dan area hidrokarbon di dipandu hasil dari analisa seismik dan data sumur. Empat tubuh channel teridentifikasi dari analisis tersebut, sementara overbank deposit disebarkan secara statistik. Data interpreasi struktur digunakan untuk menentukan jumlah segmen atau kompartemen, dan hasilnya adalah lima segmen selatan dan satu segmen utara terdapat di zona dangkal Lapangan Athar. Hasil pemodelan geologi menunjukkan bahwa segmen 5 menjadi area yang masih memiliki prosepek untuk produksi minyak, sementara segmen 2 memiliki prospek untuk produksi gas.

---

ABSTRACT
Athar Field start producing since 1975 up to now with cummulative production reached 900 MMbbls and RF 50%. 3D seismic was acquired in 2011 to identify the remaining potential in this field. Analysis of 3D seismic with attribute and simultaneous inversion provide a good result to determine reservoar distribution and hydrocarbon contained. Density cube from inversion, minimum amplutide attribute, anda arc length attribute are used to map the sand distribution. Lambda Rho and AI (Ip) are usefull to identify the remaining hyrocarbon area. Structural interpretation from seismic shows there are minor faults which is not identified before with 2D seismic. The result of the analysis was used to create 3D Geomodel. The channel limit determination, and remaining hydrocarbon area guided by analysis from seismic and well data. As a result, four channel bodies were identified, whilst overbank deposit distributed statistically. Structural interpretation data used to determine the number of segment or compartment, and the result are five segments in the south and one segment in the north identified in the shallow zone Athar Field. The result of geological modeling shows that segment 5 still has prospect in oil production, whilst segment 2 has prospect in gas production.;Athar Field start producing since 1975 up to now with cummulative production reached 900 MMbbls and RF 50%. 3D seismic was acquired in 2011 to identify the remaining potential in this field. Analysis of 3D seismic with attribute and simultaneous inversion provide a good result to determine reservoar distribution and hydrocarbon contained. Density cube from inversion, minimum amplutide attribute, anda arc length attribute are used to map the sand distribution. Lambda Rho and AI (Ip) are usefull to identify the remaining hyrocarbon area. Structural interpretation from seismic shows there are minor faults which is not identified before with 2D seismic. The result of the analysis was used to create 3D Geomodel. The channel limit determination, and remaining hydrocarbon area guided by analysis from seismic and well data. As a result, four channel bodies were identified, whilst overbank deposit distributed statistically. Structural interpretation data used to determine the number of segment or compartment, and the result are five segments in the south and one segment in the north identified in the shallow zone Athar Field. The result of geological modeling shows that segment 5 still has prospect in oil production, whilst segment 2 has prospec in gas production, Athar Field start producing since 1975 up to now with cummulative production reached 900 MMbbls and RF 50%. 3D seismic was acquired in 2011 to identify the remaining potential in this field. Analysis of 3D seismic with attribute and simultaneous inversion provide a good result to determine reservoar distribution and hydrocarbon contained. Density cube from inversion, minimum amplutide attribute, anda arc length attribute are used to map the sand distribution. Lambda Rho and AI (Ip) are usefull to identify the remaining hyrocarbon area. Structural interpretation from seismic shows there are minor faults which is not identified before with 2D seismic. The result of the analysis was used to create 3D Geomodel. The channel limit determination, and remaining hydrocarbon area guided by analysis from seismic and well data. As a result, four channel bodies were identified, whilst overbank deposit distributed statistically. Structural interpretation data used to determine the number of segment or compartment, and the result are five segments in the south and one segment in the north identified in the shallow zone Athar Field. The result of geological modeling shows that segment 5 still has prospect in oil production, whilst segment 2 has prospec in gas production]

Abstrak :
Cekungan “X” yang terletak pada bagian tenggara New Orleans, Louisiana, Amerika Serikat merupakan cekungan yang termasuk pada kompleks Gulf of Mexico. Cekungan ini berjenis cekungan margin divergen yang dicirikan oleh tektonik retakan ekstensional dan patahan bertipe wrench fault yang memiliki potensi hidrokarbon yang besar. Analisis petrofisika menjadi indikator pendukung untuk mengetahui paramater fisik batuan seperti volume lempung, kejenuhan air, porositas, dan permeabilitas dimana lapisan reservoir batu pasir yang teridentifikasi menunjukan keberadaan akumulasi hidrokarbon gas pada sumur Well_1. Data seismik 3D yang terdiri dari 14.500-15.000 Inline dan 1.500 – 1.580 Xline dengan luas area cakupan seluas +- 2 km2 yang menunjukkan kondisi perlapisan secara vertikal dan lateral dan sebuah data sumur yang menunjukkan karakteristik batuan bawah permukaan daerah penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil dari penilitian pada lapangan “X” yang terletak pada cekungan sebelah utara Gulf of Mexico, menunjukkan bahwa persebaran reservoir batupasir formasi Cotton Valley dan Hosston dengan nilai impedansi akustik rendah berada di tengah daerah penelitian yang menunjukan bidang perlapisan yang terlihat seperti membaji atau unconformity, memiliki stratigraphic trap pada batuan lempung yang sangat kompak namun brittle (formasi Bossier). Metode inversi post-stack seismik 3D berhasil menunjukan respon nilai impedansi akustik rendah yang secara keseluruhan berkisar antara 6300 – 6800 m/s*g/cc pada line seismic 3D Inline 14770, xline 1528, dan xline 1530 serta tampilan 3D yang mengindikasikan persebaran lapisan reservoir yang tersaturasi oleh hidrokarbon. ......Basin "X" which is located in the southeastern part of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States is a basin that belongs to the Gulf of Mexico complex. This basin is a divergent margin basin which is characterized by extensional fracture tectonics and a wrench fault type fault which has a large hydrocarbon potential. Petrophysical analysis is a supporting indicator to determine rock physical parameters such as clay volume, water saturation, porosity, and permeability where the identified sandstone reservoir layer shows the presence of gas hydrocarbon accumulation in Well_1 well. 3D seismic data consisting of 14,500-15,000 Inline and 1,500 – 1,580 Xline with a coverage area of +- 2 km2 which shows the condition of layering vertically and laterally and a well data showing the characteristics of the subsurface rock of the study area. Based on the results of research on the "X" field which is located in the northern basin of the Gulf of Mexico, it shows that the distribution of the Cotton Valley and Hosston formation sandstone reservoirs with low acoustic impedance values is in the middle of the study area which shows the bedding plane that looks like wedge or unconformity, has a stratigraphic trap in very compact but brittle clay rocks (Bossier formation). The 3D seismic post-stack inversion method has successfully shown a low acoustic impedance response, which overall ranges from 6300 – 6800 m/s*g/cc on the 3D Inline 14770 seismic line, xline 1528, and xline 1530 as well as 3D views indicating the distribution of reservoir layers saturated by hydrocarbons.

Abstrak :
Dalam pengembangan suatu lapangan minyak dipengaruhi banyak faktor. Salah satu faktor yang penting untuk dipertimbangkan adalah patahan dan rekahan pada batuan reservoar. Patahan dan rekahan dapat dikenali dengan menggunakan data sumur maupun data seismic terutama seismic 3D. Umumnya patahan dikenali langsung dengan melihat data seismik 3D sebagai ketidak menerusan seismic event. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan sebuah metode yang disebut Ant-Track. Metode ini digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi patahan berdasar data seismic 3D dan rekahan pada sumur yang berasosiasi dengan patahan tersebut. Metode ini dikembangkan dari sebuah algoritma yang disebut Ant Colony Based Routing Algorithm. Metode ini mampu memperjelas gambaran patahan dengan menggunakan data seismic 3D. Dengan menggunakan metode ini dapat diketahui letak patahan secara lebih jelas dibandingkan dengan metode yang ada sebelumnya seperti metode pengamatan langsung pada sayatan seismic maupun penghitungan varian. Metode pengamatan langsung pada sayatan seismic hanya mampu menunjukkan gambaran fault besarnya saja. Metode penghitungan varian akan bisa menunjukkan ketidak menerusan trace seismic saja. Ketidak menerusan trace seismic ini bisa berupa gambaran patahan ataupun perubahan fasies sehingga tidak spesifik menggambarkan patahan. Dalam metode ant-track tidak hanya mampu menggambarkan patahan tetapi juga mampu menunjukkan patahan yang berasosiasi dengan data rekahan dan patahan yang diproleh dari data FMI di sumur minyak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengaplikasi metode ant-track pada sebuah daerah contoh untuk mendapatkan gambaran patahan yang berasosiasi dengan rekahan di sumur minyak secara lebih jelas dan menemukan adanya hidokarbon yang terperangkap dalam rekahan-rekahan yang berasosiasi dengan patahan tersebut. ......Oil field development is depend on many factor. One of important factor to consider is fault and fractures at reservoir rock.. Fault and fracture could defined using wells data and seismic data especially 3D seismic. Usually the fault was identified by direct observation on seismic section as discontinuity of seismic event. In this study the method was used called ant track to identify the fault base on seismic data and fractures which associated with those fractures base on wells data. This method developed base on an algorithm called Ant Colony Based Routing Algorithm. This method can enhance the fault image quality using seismic 3D data. Ant-Track method can define clearer the fault location than the previous method like direct observation in seismic section and variance calculated section. The direct observation in seismic section can give the main fault image only and the variance calculated section can show the trace seismic discontinuity. These trace continuity could be fault, or facies change. The ant-track method is not only showing very clear fault but also can show fault which are associated with fractures. The fractures image from FMI used to guide fault distribution in seismic 3D. The purpose of this study is applying the ant-track method at a sample area to get the fault image which is associated with fractures in wells more clearly and find the potential hydrocarbon trap in fractured reservoir.