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"[ABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan negara dengan kekayaan alamnya yang tinggi. Tercatat bahwa negara Indonesia memiliki 10-20% dari jenis tumbuhan dan satwa yang ada di dunia. Namun dewasa ini keberadaan sumber daya alam hayati dan ekosistem di Indonesia sedang terancam. Terancamnya kehidupan mereka disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya adalah maraknya perdagangan satwa liar khususnya untuk satwa liar yang dilindungi di Indonesia. Kegiatan perdagangan satwa yang dilindungi merupakan tindak pidana menurut undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya. Terlebih lagi, Indonesia telah meratifikasi Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) pada tahun 1978 melalui Keputusan Presiden No. 43 tahun 1978, yang pada intinya Konvensi ini memberikan mekanisme internasional untuk mengatur perdagangan satwa liar. CITES mengatur dan mengawasi perdagangan dengan menggunakan ?daftar negatif? seperti perdagangan semua spesies yang diperbolehkan dan tidak diatur kecuali spesies tersebut muncul di appendiks. Skripsi ini mengambil studi kasus perdagangan burung Kakatua Kecil Jambul Kuning (Cacatua sulphurea) sebagai satwa yang dilindungi. Burung ini termasuk satwa yang dilindungi dan juga termasuk dalam Appendiks I CITES. Oleh karena itu baik perdagangan dalam negeri dan untuk tujuan ekspor adalah dilarang kecuali untuk tujuan non-komersil. Namun hingga saat ini perdagangan burung Kakatua Kecil Jambul Kuning masih dapat ditemukan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penegakan hukum terhadap perdagangan satwa liar sebagaimana diatur dalam UU No.5 Tahun 1990 belum dapat dilakukan secara optimal. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena masih banyak para penegak hukum yang belum memahami secara penuh ancaman terhadap keanekaragaman hayati ketika banyak terjadi perdagangan illegal satwa liar yang dilindungi. Sehingga diperlukan perbaikan di semua faktor yang mempengaruhi penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana perdagangan tersebut.ABSTRACTIndonesia is a high biodiversity country. Indonesia has 10-20% of plant and animal species that exist in the world. But today the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factors, one of which is the illegal wildlife trade, especially for the wildlife in Indonesia. Trading protected species is a crimes according to the law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. Moreover, Indonesia has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1978 through Presidential Decree No. 43 in 1978. CITES provides an international mechanism for governing wildlife trading by using the "negative list" such as trade of all species are allowed and are not regulated unless these species appear in the appendix. This thesis will take case study of illegal trade Small Yellow-crested Cockatoo Bird (Cacatua sulphurea) as one of the protected animals. Cacatua sulphurea is protected animals according to the law No. 7 of 1999 on Preservation of Plants and Animals and also included in Appendix I of CITES. Therefore both domestic and for export purposes is prohibited except for non-commercial purposes. But until now the trade Small Yellow-crested cockatoo birds can still be found. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Law No. 5 of 1990 can not be performed optimally. This can happen because the law enforcers are still many who do not fully understand the threats to biodiversity as prevalent crime of trafficking in protected wildlife. So that the necessary improvement in all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such trade.;Indonesia is a high biodiversity country. Indonesia has 10-20% of plant and animal species that exist in the world. But today the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factors, one of which is the illegal wildlife trade, especially for the wildlife in Indonesia. Trading protected species is a crimes according to the law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. Moreover, Indonesia has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1978 through Presidential Decree No. 43 in 1978. CITES provides an international mechanism for governing wildlife trading by using the "negative list" such as trade of all species are allowed and are not regulated unless these species appear in the appendix. This thesis will take case study of illegal trade Small Yellow-crested Cockatoo Bird (Cacatua sulphurea) as one of the protected animals. Cacatua sulphurea is protected animals according to the law No. 7 of 1999 on Preservation of Plants and Animals and also included in Appendix I of CITES. Therefore both domestic and for export purposes is prohibited except for non-commercial purposes. But until now the trade Small Yellow-crested cockatoo birds can still be found. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Law No. 5 of 1990 can not be performed optimally. This can happen because the law enforcers are still many who do not fully understand the threats to biodiversity as prevalent crime of trafficking in protected wildlife. So that the necessary improvement in all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such trade.;Indonesia is a high biodiversity country. Indonesia has 10-20% of plant and animal species that exist in the world. But today the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factors, one of which is the illegal wildlife trade, especially for the wildlife in Indonesia. Trading protected species is a crimes according to the law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. Moreover, Indonesia has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1978 through Presidential Decree No. 43 in 1978. CITES provides an international mechanism for governing wildlife trading by using the "negative list" such as trade of all species are allowed and are not regulated unless these species appear in the appendix. This thesis will take case study of illegal trade Small Yellow-crested Cockatoo Bird (Cacatua sulphurea) as one of the protected animals. Cacatua sulphurea is protected animals according to the law No. 7 of 1999 on Preservation of Plants and Animals and also included in Appendix I of CITES. Therefore both domestic and for export purposes is prohibited except for non-commercial purposes. But until now the trade Small Yellow-crested cockatoo birds can still be found. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Law No. 5 of 1990 can not be performed optimally. This can happen because the law enforcers are still many who do not fully understand the threats to biodiversity as prevalent crime of trafficking in protected wildlife. So that the necessary improvement in all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such trade., Indonesia is a high biodiversity country. Indonesia has 10-20% of plant and animal species that exist in the world. But today the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factors, one of which is the illegal wildlife trade, especially for the wildlife in Indonesia. Trading protected species is a crimes according to the law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. Moreover, Indonesia has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1978 through Presidential Decree No. 43 in 1978. CITES provides an international mechanism for governing wildlife trading by using the "negative list" such as trade of all species are allowed and are not regulated unless these species appear in the appendix. This thesis will take case study of illegal trade Small Yellow-crested Cockatoo Bird (Cacatua sulphurea) as one of the protected animals. Cacatua sulphurea is protected animals according to the law No. 7 of 1999 on Preservation of Plants and Animals and also included in Appendix I of CITES. Therefore both domestic and for export purposes is prohibited except for non-commercial purposes. But until now the trade Small Yellow-crested cockatoo birds can still be found. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Law No. 5 of 1990 can not be performed optimally. This can happen because the law enforcers are still many who do not fully understand the threats to biodiversity as prevalent crime of trafficking in protected wildlife. So that the necessary improvement in all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such trade.]"

"Kejahatan terhadap satwa liar, kerap terjadi di Indonesia, salah satunya adalah kasus perburuan dan perdagangan ilegal atas burung paruh bengkok asal Maluku Utara. Penulisan ini, dilakukan untuk memberikan gambaran yang lebih mendalam tentang struktur dari organisasi kriminal, yang terlibat dalam aktivitas ilegal perburuan dan perdagangan jenis burung paruh bengkok asal Maluku Utara. Penulisan ini juga ditujukan untuk mengetahui derajat pengorganisasian dari sindikat atau jaringan kriminal, dengan mengacu pada karakteristik khusus, yang dimiliki oleh setiap struktur dari organisasi kriminal. Hal tersebut dijelaskan dengan menggunakan teori organisasional dan paradigma kejahatan terorganisir model usaha/ perusahaan. Hasil dari penulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas perburuan dan perdagangan burung paruh bengkok asal Maluku Utara dapat dibedakan menjadi tiga periode, dimana pada periode 2004 - 2009, aktivitas ini dilakukan oleh organisasi kriminal dengan struktur jaringan.

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Wildlife crime often occur in Indonesia, and one of them is illegal trapping and illegal trading of parrots species in North Maluku. This study aims to provide a clearer picture of the structure of criminal organization, related to the trapping and trading of domestic parrot species of North Maluku. This study also tried to analyze the degree of organization of the syndicate, by referring to spesific characteristics possessed by every type of criminal organization, by using Organizational Theory and Enterprise Model of Organized Crime. The result shows that the illegal trapping and illegal trading of parrots species in North Maluku, can be divide into three different periods, when in 2004 - 2009 period this activities perpetrated by criminal networks."

"Indonesia sebagai negara yang memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi, dikenal sebagai ldquo;hotspot rdquo; perdagangan jenis tumbuhan dan satwa liar karena perannya sebagai peyuplai terbesar di kawasan Asia. Di saat yang sama, Indonesia juga dikenal sebagai negara dengan laju penurunan keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi. Penurunan ini salah satunya disebabkan oleh maraknya perdagangan ilegal jenis tumbuhan dan satwa liar. Selama ini, upaya penegakan hukum atas kejahatan tersebut hanya berfokus pada jenis yang dilindungi saja. Hal ini dikarenakan Undang-undang No. 5 tahun 1990 sebagai induk kebijakan konservasi di Indonesia tidak memberikan ketentuan sanksi yang memadai terhadap kegiatan perdagangan ilegal jenis tumbuhan dan satwa liar, khususnya bagi jenis yang tidak dilindungi. Padahal, terdapat banyak jenis, yang tidak termasuk jenis yang dilindungi, namun berada dalam kondisi populasi yang terancam dan masih diperdagangkan secara bebas. Penelitian ini bersifat yuridis normatif dengan tujuan untuk mencari alternatif instrumen penegakan hukum yang dapat menjerat para pelaku perdagangan ilegal jenis tumbuhan dan satwa liar yang tidak dilindungi undang-undang. Dengan mengambil sudut pandang yang lebih luas terhadap aktifitas perdagangan, tidak terbatas pada aktifitas jual beli saja, maka terdapat beberapa undang-undang yang dapat dijadikan alternatif instrumen penegakan hukum terhadap kejahatan ini, yaitu ; undang-undang tindak tindak pidana korupsi, undang-undang kepabeanan, undang-undang karantina ikan, hewan, dan tumbuhan, undang-undang kehutanan, serta undang-undang perikanan. Keberadaan undang-undang ini dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengisi kekosongan hukum, namun, hal ini tidak mengurangin urgensi untuk mengevaluasi kebijakan dalam undang-undang konservasi sumber daya alam hayati yang selama ini berlaku di Indonesia.

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Indonesia, as one of the countries that has very high rates of biodiversity, is well known as the ldquo hotspot rdquo of international wildlife trade because of its role as the biggest supplier in Asia. However, Indonesia is also well known as the country that experienced massive biodiversity degradation, which is mostly caused by the high number of illegal trading of plant, animal, and other wildlife form. Until this very day, the law enforcement on illegal wildlife trade is only focused on protected species because Undang Undang No. 5 tahun 1990, as the prime reference of conservation rsquo s policy in Indonesia, does not provide adequate instrument of sanction on illegal trade of unprotected species, whereas there are lots of species in Indonesia that are threatened in the wild and are still being traded illegally. This research is using juridical normative approach, with the purpose to provide an alternative instrument of law enforcement on illegal trading of unprotected species from another act aside of Undang Undang No. 5 tahun 1990. If we consider the trade of wildlife as more than a process of selling and buying, then there are some acts that can be used as an alternative of law enforcement instrument, such as an anti corruption act, anti money laundering act, custom act, quarantine act, forestry act, and fisheries act. Those acts are used only as an alternative, and it does not lessen the urgency to evaluate the current conservation policy in Indonesia itself."

"Penelitian ini membahas peran Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan dalam upaya untuk menggurangi perdagangan ilegal. Permasalahan pelaksanaan kebijakan UU No.5 Tahun 1990 yang tidak jalan karena ringannya hukum di berlakukan serta pengawasasan oleh polhut yang tidak efektif karena terbatasnya SDM Polhut. Penelitian ini Post-positivis yang mengkaitkan hasil penelitiannya dengan teori Bell dan McGillivary peran pemerintah sebagai Administrative Regulation, Anticipatory Continuing Controls, Planning Prevention, dan Protecting Nature. Dari keempat dimensi belum berjalan dengan baik karena masih ada kendala dan kebijakan dasar sedang direvisi maka pemerintah menerapkan sistem multidoor untuk memberatkan sanksi yang diberikan dan bekerjasama dengan MMP, penyidik PNS, WCS dan WWF.Kata Kunci: Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Peran Pemerintah, Perdagangan, ilegal satwa liar.

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This undergraduate thesis discussesd the role of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry from the efforts made in tackling illegal trade in protected wildlife. The problem is implementation policy of law No.5 of 1990 not appropriate with procedure as casually given minor offences, monitoring is also less effective due to a number of forest ranger in addition. This Post positivis research which related result of the research and theory of Bell and McGillivary on the role of the Government as the Administrative Regulation, Anticipatory Continuing Controls, Planning Prevention and Protecting Nature. The four dimenstion are not well on of this research that Law is being revised so the government implements multidoor system to burden the sanction and cooperate with MMP, PPNS, WCS, WWF."

"Keanekaragaman hayati adalah keragaman dari makhluk hidup dari berbagai sumber di seluruh planet. Dari beragam spesies yang ada di bumi ini, banyak diantaranya yang sudah punah dan terancam punah. Punahnya dan terancam punahnya spesies-spesies tersebut dapat diakibatkan oleh beberapa hal, yaitu hilangnya habitat mereka, adanya spesies asing di lingkungan mereka, polusi, eksploitasi yang berlebihan, adanya penyakit-penyakit atau wabah, perdagangan ilegal satwa liar, perubahan iklim dan konflik antara manusia dengan satwa liar. Dari berbagai macam spesies yang ada di bumi, salah satu spesies yang terancam kelestariannya adalah Harimau (Panthera tigris). Tiga dari sembilan subspesies harimau yang ada diketahui telah punah, yaitu harimau Bali, harimau Jawa dan harimau Kaspia. Dalam rangka mencegah bertambahnya jumlah Harimau yang punah, maka dilakukan konservasi. Terkait dengan konservasi terhadap harimau, di lingkungan internasional telah ada upaya konservasi satwa tersebut dengan dibuatnya instrumen-instrumen hukum internasional, seperti Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (World Heritage Convention) dan ASEAN Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 1985. Selain itu, juga terdapat peraturan-peraturan yang berkenaan dengan konservasi harimau secara regional dan bilateral. Adapun praktik konservasi yang dilakukan dalam melindungi harimau di negara-negara seperti Cina, India, Rusia dan Indonesia.

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Biodiversity is the diversity of living things from a variety of sources across the planet. From variety of species that exist on the Earth, many of which are extinct and endangered. Extinction and threatened to become endangered in species caused by habitat loss, presence of alien species in their neighborhoods, pollution, excessive exploitation, epidemic diseases, illegal wildlife trade, climate change conflict between man and wildlife. From various species that exist on earth, one of the species that threatened to become endangered is Tiger (Panthera tigris). Three of nine tiger subspecies are already extinct, namely Bali tiger, Javan tiger and Caspian tiger. In order to prevent the increasing of extinction in tiger, therefore conservation is conducted. Related to the conservation of the Tiger, in the international sphere there has been an effort in conserving the tiger by the establishment of international legal instruments, such as Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (World Heritage Convention) and ASEAN Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 1985. In addition, there are also rules relating to tiger conservation regionally and bilaterally. Practice of tiger conservation also conducted in several countries such as China, India, Russia and Indonesia."

"Indonesia merupakan negara dengan kekayaan alam yang melimpah. Lebih dari 10-20 jenis tumbuhan dan satwa yang ada di dunia berada di wilayah Indonesia. Namun sekarang ini keberadaan sumber daya alam hayati dan ekosistem di Indonesia sedang terancam. Hal ini disebabkan beberapa factor yang salah satu diantaranya adalah banyaknya jumlah perdagangan satwa liar dilindungi di Indonesia. Undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya mengatur bahwa perdagangan satwa liar dilindungi sebagai suatu tindak pidana. Indonesia yang meratifikasi CITES pada tahun 1978 juga harus mengikuti ketentuan CITES dalam mengatur dan mengupayakan perlindungan hukum terhadap perdagangan satwa liar dilindungi.Skripsi ini mengambil studi kasus perdagangan ilegal Trenggiling sebagai satwa yang dilindungi. Sejak bulan Oktober 2016, Trenggiling telah dimasukkan dalam daftar Appendiks I CITES sehingga perdagangan dalam negeri maupun luar negeri adalah dilarang kecuali untuk tujuan non-komersil maupun keadaan luar biasa. Namun hingga saat ini perdagangan Trenggiling masih dapat ditemukan. Hal ini menunjukkan penegakan hukum dalam peraturan nasional masih belum dapat dilakukan secara optimal. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena masih banyak aparat penegak hukum yang belum menyadari dan mengerti secara penuh ancaman terhadap ekosistem ketika perdagangan satwa liar marak terjadi. Sehingga diperlukan perbaikan pada faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana perdagangan ilegal satwa liar ini.

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Indonesia is a country which has high biodiversity.10 20 of plant and animal species in this world are exist in Indonesia. But nowadays the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factor, one of which is the number of illegal wildlife trade in Indonesia which grows rapidly. Law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems rules that trading protected species is a crime. Indonesia as a country who has ratified CITES in 1978 should follow the convention to sought the regulation which create the law to protect wildlife species.

This thesis will take case study of Pangolin Manis javanica illegal trade. Since October 2016, Pangolin has been put to the list of Appendix I CITES which means the trade of this species is prohibited except for non commercial purpose or extraordinary reasons. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Indonesia Law cannot be executed optimally. This can happen because many of the law enforcers do not fully understand the threats of wildlife illegal trade to the ecosystem destruction. So it is necessary to improve all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such wildlife trade."

"ABSTRAKSalah satu barang yang dilarang untuk diekspor dari Indonesia dalam perdagangan internasional adalah benih lobster. Hal ini dilakukan untuk menjaga jumlah lobster yang ada di laut Indonesia serta menjamin kebutuhan bahan baku bagi industri lobster dewasa. Adanya larangan ini membuat terjadinya penyelundupan benih lobster ke luar negeri. Di balik kasus-kasus penyelundupan benih lobster yang terjadi ditemukan adanya jaringan perdagangan ilegal benih lobster. Dalam tulisan ini kasus perdagangan ilegal benih lobster dianalisis menggunakan 10 kategori modus operandi oleh L. W. Artcherly, yaitu classword, entry, means, object, time, style, tale, pal, transport, dan trademark, untuk menggambarkan modus operandi yang dilakukan oleh pelaku. Selain itu, kategori pals juga dapat menjelaskan pelaku-pelaku yang terlibat serta karakteristik dan perannya dalam perdagangan ilegal benih lobster. Sehingga dapat digambarkan keterlibatan jaringan transnational organized crime dalam perdagangan ilegal ini.ABSTRACTOne item that is prohibited from being exported from Indonesia in international trade is baby lobster. It is done to maintain the number of lobsters that exist in the Indonesian sea and ensure the raw material needs for the adult lobster industry. This prohibition makes the smuggling of baby lobster exists. Behind the cases of baby lobster smuggling is found the networks of baby lobster trafficking. In this paper the cases of baby lobster trafficking are analyzed using 10 categories of modus operandi by L. W. Artcherly, which are classword, entry, means, object, time, style, tale, pal, transport, and trademark, to describe the modus operandi of the perpetrator. In addition, the category pals can also explain the actors involvement, their characteristics and roles in the baby lobster trafficking. So that it can be described the involvement of the transnational organized crime network in this illegal trade."

"Tugas karya akhir ini membahas mengenai bagaimana Eco-Global Criminology, sebuah kerangka analisis yang menggabungkan orientasi terhadap ekologi dan keadilan dengan studi global, melihat fenomena perburuan dan perdagangan pada satwa langka yang semakin terancam keberadaannya, yaitu Harimau Sumatera Phantera tigris sumatrae . Dengan menggunakan studi literatur sebagai metode penulisan, artikel ini membahas bagaimana ide-ide pokok dari Eco-Global Criminology menjelaskan fenomena perburuan dan perdagangan Harimau Sumatera menjadi salah satu ancaman terhadap keanekaragaman hayati. Hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati akan berdampak pada kesejahteraan hidup manusia. Fenomena perburuan dan perdagangan Harimau Sumatera merupakan masalah lingkungan yang semakin serius dan berkembang. Melalui artikel ini, penulis akan menerapkan beberapa pemahaman dari Eco-Global Criminology dalam menjelaskan masalah kerusakan lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh kegiatan manusia baik kegiatan yang dianggap legal seperti penebangan hutan yang menyebabkan hilangnya habitat pada Harimau Sumatera, maupun kegiatan ilegal seperti perburuan dan perdagangan Harimau Sumatera.

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This article explores how Eco-Global Criminology, an analytical framework that combines ecology and justice orientation with global studies, sees the phenomenon of poaching and trading in endangered species that are increasingly threatened its existence, the Sumatran Tiger Phantera tigris sumatrae. Using the literature study as the methodology, this article discusses how the main ideas of eco-global criminology explain the phenomenon of poaching and trading of the Sumatran Tiger into one of the threats to biodiversity. The loss of biodiversity will affect the welfare of human life. The phenomenon of poaching and trading of Sumatran Tiger is an increasingly serious and growing environmental problem. Through this article, the authors will apply some understanding of Eco-Global Criminology in explaining environmental damage caused by human activities such as legal activities like deforestation causing habitat loss in Sumatran tigers, as well as illegal activities such as the poaching and trade of Sumatran tigers."