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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Ekstrak etanol umbi sarang semut Myrmecodia pendens dan Myrmecodia tuberosa telah diteliti memberikan efek imunostimulan, namun jenis yang banyak dipasarkan adalah Myrmecodia archboldiana Merr. & L.M. Perry. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah umbi sarang semut jenis Myrmecodia archboldiana juga memberikan efek imunostimulan. Penelitian ini menggunakan tikus jantan galur Sprague-Dawley berumur 3 bulan sebanyak 25 ekor dan dibagi secara acak menjadi 5 kelompok; kelompok kontrol negatif diberikan larutan koloidal CMC 0,5%, kelompok kontrol positif diberikan levamisol hidroklorida 10 mg/200 g bb, kelompok dosis I, II, dan III masing-masing diberikan ekstrak etanol umbi sarang semut 0,1962, 0,3924 dan 0,7848 g/200 g bb. Masing-masing kelompok diberikan bahan uji secara oral selama 14 hari. Pada hari ke-8, setiap tikus disuntikkan sel darah merah domba (SDMD) 5% secara intraperitoneal. Pada hari ke-15, setiap tikus diberikan SDMD 5% secara subplantar untuk uji hipersensitivitas tipe lambat, selain itu dihitung jumlah leukosit, limfosit, dan granulosit, dan bobot relatif limpa. Ekstrak etanol Myrmecodia archboldiana dosis 0,1962 g/200 g bb memiliki aktivitas imunostimulan berdasarkan peningkatan volume kaki jam ke-2 setara dengan levamisol hidroklorida pada uji hipersensitivitas tipe lambat, namun tidak meningkatkan jumlah leukosit, limfosit, granulosit dan bobot relatif limpa.

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ABSTRACT
Ethanolic extracts of sarang semut tubers Myrmecodia pendens and Myrmecodia tuberosa had been research have immunostimulant?s effect, but Myrmecodia archboldiana Merr. & L.M. Perry is more commercially. The aims of this study was to determine immunostimulatory effects of Myrmecodia archboldiana. This study used 3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with 25 rat and divided into 5 groups. Group negative control given colloidal solution CMC 0,5%, group positive control given levamisol hydrochloride 10 mg/200 g body weight (bw), group dose I, II, and III are given the ethanolic extract of Myrmecodia archboldiana at doses of 0,1962, 0,3924 and 0,7848 g/200 g bw. They were th administrated orally for 14 days. On day 8, every rat injected 5% sheep red blood th cells (SRBC) by intraperitoneal. On the 15day, each rat was given 5% SRBC by subplantar for delayed type hypersensitivity test and the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes, and relative spleen weights was calculated. Ethanolic extract of Myrmecodia archboldiana at dose 0,1962 gram/200 g bw has immunostimulant activity by increase in paw volume on hour-2 equivalent with levamisole hydrochloride on delayed type hypersensitivity test, but did not increase the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes and relative spleen weights.

Abstrak :
In this work, Myrmecodia pendans, or sarang semut, was successfully extracted as a potential organic inhibitor. Various concentrations of Myrmecodia pendans extract in 1 M H2SO4 solution were applied in the range of 100?500 mg/L for corrosion inhibition. Gas chromatography?mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) showed that the Myrmecodia pendans extracts contained a high-benzenediol compound with rich oxygen atom content, which played an important role in the inhibition process. The 300 mg/L Myrmecodia pendans extract had the highest effect, decreasing the rate of corrosion from 177.73 mpy to 47.4 mpy. This was attributed to the chemical compounds present in the Myrmecodia pendans extract on the surface of mild steel, which prohibited the corrosion rate

Abstrak :
In this work, Myrmecodia pendans, or sarang semut, was successfully extracted as a potential organic inhibitor. Various concentrations of Myrmecodia pendans extract in 1 M H2SO4 solution were applied in the range of 100–500 mg/L for corrosion inhibition. Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) showed that the Myrmecodia pendans extracts contained a high-benzenediol compound with rich oxygen atom content, which played an important role in the inhibition process. The 300 mg/L Myrmecodia pendans extract had the highest effect, decreasing the rate of corrosion from 177.73 mpy to 47.4 mpy. This was attributed to the chemical compounds present in the Myrmecodia pendans extract on the surface of mild steel, which prohibited the corrosion rate.

Abstrak :
Pendahuluan: Di Indonesia, kanker kolorektal adalah jenis kanker tersering kedua ditemukan pada pria dan tersering ketiga ditemukan pada wanita. Seperti jenis kanker lainnya, tatalaksana utama kanker kolorektal adalah serangkaian kemoterapi. Namun dilain pihak, 58% dari penduduk Indonesia yang berkategori ekonomi “low-class” atau yang pendapatannya dibawah dari 1 juta per bulan lebih memilih penggunaan obat herbal daripada pengobatan konvensional. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi pilihan obat herbal seperti faktor pemasaran obat herbal dan faktor sosial yang mempengaruhi keputusan individu. Karena itu, penelitian dan pengembangan obat kanker dari bahan herbal seperti sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendans) sangat diperlukan. Metode: Sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendans) dimaserasi dengan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat dan etanol, menghasilkan tiga jenis ekstrak yaitu ekstrak n-heksana, ekstrak etil asetat dan ekstrak etanol. Ketiga ekstrak Myrmecodia pendans tersebut dianalisis melalui uji fitokimia dan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Selanjutnya efek sitotoksik ketiga ekstrak Myrmecodia pendans dievaluasi terhadap sel kolon kanker WiDr menggunakan metode MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). Hasil: Uji fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendans) memiliki beberapa metabolit sekunder yaitu saponin, flavonoid, tanin, triterpenoid, dan alkaloid. Analisis KLT mengindikasikan bahwa ketiga ekstrak Myrmecodia pendans memiliki enam komponen senyawa kimia. Uji sitotoksisitas menunjukkan bahwa ketiga ekstrak Myrmecodia pendans tidak memiliki efek sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker kolon WiDr. Kesimpulan: Sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendans) mengandung beberapa senyawa fitokimia metabolit sekunder yang tidak menunjukkan efek sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker kolon WiDr. ......Introduction: In Indonesia, Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in males and third most common in females. Like other types of cancer, the main treatment is a series of chemotherapies. On the other hand, it is known that a proportion of low-class” Indonesians, those who earns less than 1 million rupiah per month, in the economical aspect (58%) prefers the use of herbal medicine instead of conventional treatments. There are multiple factors which had influence the herbal preference such as marketing and social factors. Hence, the research and development of cancer drugs from herbal materials such as Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendans) is vital. Methods: Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendans) was macerated by solvents N-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate, and Ethanol, producing three extracts N-Hexane (NHE), Ethyl Acetate (EAE), and Ethanol extracts (ETE). Each extract of Myrmecodia pendans was then analyzed through phytochemical tests and thin layer chromatography (TLC). In addition, the cytotoxicity effect of all three extracts were analyzed towards WiDr colon cancer cell using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) Assay. Results: Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendans) contains secondary metabolites Saponin, Flavonoid, Tannin, Triterpenoid, and Alkaloid. TLC analysis revealed that all three extracts of Myrmecodia pendans had six chemical compounds. MTT Assay revealed all three extracts of Myrmecodia pendans had no cytotoxic effect towards WiDr colon cancer cells. Conclusion: Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendans) comprises several secondary metabolites which did not display cytotoxic effect towards WiDr colon cancer cell.

Abstrak :
Medicinal plants, called "Sarang Semut", myrmecodia pendens Merr. & Perry (Rubiaceae) is an epiphyt traditionally used in Papua for healing various diseases such as hyperuricemia, reumathic, and cancer. A chemical compound recognized as xanthinoxidase inhibitor has been isolated from n-buthanol fraction of the palnt extrac. The isolation was carried out by column chromatography (Sio,CHCL - MeOH = 5 : 1-1 : ) and the purification was conducted using high presure liquid chromatography (RP,C - 18 ; MeOH - = 5 : 1)). The activity test for xanthinoxidase inhibitor was performmed by using modified Noro method. The pure compound showed xanthinoxidase inhibitor activity of IC at 79,77%

Abstrak :
Infark miokard (IM) merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas di seluruh dunia pada dekade terakhir. Asam rosmarinat diketahui berpotensi sebagai kardioprotektif dari IM. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pengaruh fraksi etil asetat sarang semut (FEASS) yang memiliki kandungan utama asam rosmarinat, terhadap kadar AST, CKMB, cTnT dan cTnI pada tikus IM yang diinduksi isoproterenol (ISO). Total fenolik dan total flavonoid FEASS diuji dengan metode kolorimetri. Uji antioksidan FEASS dilakukan dengan metode DPPH dan MDA secara in vitro. Tikus galur wistar dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok: kontrol normal, kontrol herbal, ISO, dan kelompok perlakuan dengan dosis 3,84; 7,68; dan 15,36 mg/kgBB FEASS selama 30 hari. Injeksi subkutan ISO (85 mg/kgBB/hari) selama 2 hari digunakan untuk menginduksi IM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa FEASS mengandung senyawa fenolik (55,8%) dan flavonoid (1,423%) serta nilai IC50 sebesar 10,275 ppm. FEASS dengan konsentrasi 100 ppm mampu mengatasi radikal bebas yang ditimbulkan oleh H2O2 secara in vitro pada sel darah merah domba. Peningkatan dosis FEASS ternyata dapat beralih fungsi menjadi prooksidan. Sifat prooksidan ini dapat merusak sel miokard sebagaimana radikal bebas, terbukti dari peningkatan kadar AST, CKMB, cTnT dan cTnI.

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Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in the last decade. Rosmarinic acid known as cardioprotective potential of MI. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) which has the main content rosmarinic acid, on levels of AST, CKMB, cTnT and cTnI in rats induced MI by isoproterenol (ISO). Total phenolic and total flavonoid of EAF were tested by colorimetric method. Antioxidant test of EAF was conducted using DPPH method and MDA in vitro. Wistar strain rats were divided into 6 groups: normal control, kontrol herbal, ISO, and the group treated with a dose of 3,84; 7,68; and 15,36 mg/kg EAF for 30 days. ISO subcutaneous injection (85 mg /kg/day) for 2 days used to induce MI. The results showed that EAF contain phenolic compounds (55,8%) and flavonoids (1,423%) and the IC50 value of 10,275 ppm. EAF with a concentration of 100 ppm was able to overcome free radicals induced by H2O2 in vitro on sheep red blood cells. Enhancement dose of EAF was able to switch functions into prooxidant. Prooxidant properties of myocardial cells can destroy as free radicals as evidenced by increased levels of AST, CKMB, cTnT and cTnI.

Abstrak :
Gout atau pirai merupakan penyakit metabolik yang disebabkan oleh kadar asam urat yang tinggi dalam darah. Terkait kandungan flavonoid yang dimilikinya, tanaman sarang semut diduga dapat menurunkan kadar asam urat dalam darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian ekstrak etanol 70% umbi sarang semut (Hydnophytum moseleyanum Becc.) terhadap kadar asam urat tikus putih jantan yang diinduksi kalium oksonat. Sebanyak 30 ekor tikus putih jantan galur Sprague Dawley dengan berat 150-200 gram dibagi secara acak ke dalam enam kelompok. Digunakan tiga variasi dosis ekstrak sarang semut, yaitu : 119, 179, dan 267 mg/200 g bb. Alopurinol 36 mg/200 g bb digunakan sebagai pembanding sedangkan kelompok normal dan kelompok induksi diberikan plasebo larutan CMC 0,5%. Pemberian sediaan uji dilakukan secara oral selama 8 hari. Pada hari ke-8 dilakukan induksi secara intraperitoneal dengan kalium oksonat 50 mg/200 g bb kepada semua kelompok perlakuan kecuali kelompok normal. Setiap sediaan uji dibuat dalam bentuk tersuspensi dalam CMC 0,5%. Pengukuran kadar asam urat dalam plasma dilakukan secara kolorimetri enzimatik menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 520 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 70% umbi sarang semut (Hydnophytum moseleyanum Becc.) pada dosis 119 dan 179 mg/200 g bb dapat menurunkan kadar asam urat (p<0,05) dengan efektivitas masing-masing 58,59 dan 46,37%. ......Gout is a metabolic disease caused by high uric acid level in blood plasma. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of ant-plants (Hydnophytum moseleyanum Becc.) on plasma uric acid level in potassium oxonate induced male rats. Thirty white male rats from Sprague Dawley strain were randomly divided into six groups. Each group received oral administration of test material once a day for eight days. There were three doses variation of extract tested: 119, 179, and 267 mg/200 g bw suspended in CMC 0,5%. Alopurinol 36 mg/200 g bw was used as a comparison while placebo of CMC 0,5% was used in normal and potassium oxonate induced control groups. In eighth day, all group except the normal ones were given an intraperitoneal administration of potassium oxonate 50 mg/200 g bw suspended in CMC 0,5% an hour before the last oral administration of every test material followed by blood collecting in the next one hour. Plasma uric acid level was analized using colorimetric-enzymatic method with uricase at 520 nm wavelength. The result showed that 70% ethanolic extract of ant-plants (Hydnophytum moseleyanum Becc.) at dose 119 and 179 mg/200 g bw were significantly (p<0,05) reducing plasma uric acid level in potassium oxonate induced male rats with effeciency 58.59 and 46.37% respectively.