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"Penggunaan Fabric Formwork dalam dunia konstruksi telah dilakukan sejak tahun 1950-an. Pada saat itu fabric formwork atau yang biasa disebut dengan bekisting kain digunakan untuk membuat sebuah bangunan terkenal yaitu Felix Candela dengan desain dan konstruksi cangkang beton bertulang. Bekisting kain (fabric formwork) merupakan teknologi yang menggunakan kain tekstil untuk membuat cetakan yang digunakan untuk pengecoran beton. Bila dibandingkan dengan cetakan konvensional yang menggunakan kayu, kayu lapis dan baja, bekisting kain lebih fleksibel, mudah digunakan, ringan, permeabel dan menggunakan biaya yang lebih murah. Dengan penelitian-penelitian yang telah dilakukan pada fabric formwork dalam dunia konstruksi, semua peneliti tersebut menyebutkan bahwa penggunaan fabric formwork sangat berpengaruh dalam hal biaya. Oleh karena itu, penulis melakukan penelitian ini guna membuktikan hal tersebut dan juga untuk meninjau deformasi dari fabric formwork berbahan dasar woven polyethylene dengan berbagai variasi bentang. Penulis membuktikan nilai deformasi yang paling efektif dari variasi panjang bentang dan juga tinggi bekisting. Penulis juga melakukan variasi pada pembebanan, yaitu pembebanan dengan menggunakan metode hidrostatik umum dan pembebanan dengan menggunakan metode DIN. Selain itu, penulis melakukan metode data error analysis untuk membuktikan pengaruh beban terhadap deformasi.

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The use of Fabric Formwork in the construction world has been carried out since the 1950s. At that time, fabric formwork or commonly called fabric formwork was used to make a famous building, Felix Candela, with the design and construction of reinforced concrete shells. Fabric formwork is a technology that uses textile fabrics to make molds used for concrete casting. When compared with conventional molds that use wood, plywood and steel, fabric formwork is more flexible, easy to use, lightweight, permeable and uses lower costs. With studies that have been carried out on formwork fabric in the construction world, all the researchers mentioned that the use of formwork fabric is very influential in terms of cost. Therefore, the authors conducted this study to prove this and also to review the deformation of woven polyethylene fabric formwork with a variety of span. The author proves that the greatest deformation occurs in the longest span. Thus the author can show the most efficient span both in terms of the magnitude of the deformation and the costs used in making formwork. The author also makes variations on loading, namely loading using the general hydrostatic method and loading using the DIN method. In addition, the authors conducted a data error analysis method to prove the effect of the burden on deformation.

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"This is the fifth edition of a very successful textbook on clinical trials methodology, written by recognized leaders who have long and extensive experience in all areas of clinical trials. The three authors of the first four editions have been joined by two others who add great expertise. Most chapters have been revised considerably from the fourth edition. A chapter on regulatory issues has been included and the chapter on data monitoring has been split into two and expanded. Many contemporary clinical trial examples have been added. There is much new material on adverse events, adherence, issues in analysis, electronic data, data sharing, and international trials.

This book is intended for the clinical researcher who is interested in designing a clinical trial and developing a protocol. It is also of value to researchers and practitioners who must critically evaluate the literature of published clinical trials and assess the merits of each trial and the implications for the care and treatment of patients. The authors use numerous examples of published clinical trials to illustrate the fundamentals.

The text is organized sequentially from defining the question to trial closeout. One chapter is devoted to each of the critical areas to aid the clinical trial researcher. These areas include pre-specifying the scientific questions to be tested and appropriate outcome measures, determining the organizational structure, estimating an adequate sample size, specifying the randomization procedure, implementing the intervention and visit schedules for participant evaluation, establishing an interim data and safety monitoring plan, detailing the final analysis plan, and reporting the trial results according to the pre-specified objectives."

"This Encyclopedia provides readers with authoritative essays on virtually all social science methods topics, quantitative and qualitative, by an international collection of experts. Organized alphabetically, the Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods covers research terms ranging from different methodological approaches to epistemological issues and specific statistical techniques.Written to be accessible to general readers, the Encyclopedia entries do not require advanced knowledge of mathematics or statistics to understand the purposes or basic principles of any of the methods. To accomplish this goal, there are two major types of entries: definitions consisting of a paragraph or two to provide a quick explanation of a methodological term; and topical treatments or essays that discuss the nature, history, applications, and implications of using a certain method, including suggested readings and references. Readers are directed to related topics via cross-referenced terms that appear in small capital letters. By assembling entries of varied origins and serving different research purposes, readers will be able to benefit from this immense source of methodological expertise in advancing their understanding of research.With three volumes and more than 900 signed entries, the Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods will be a critical addition to any social science library."