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Abstrak :
Dramatic changes in the reading public and literary market in early nineteenth-century England not only altered the relationship between poet and reader but prompted new conceptions of the poetic text, literary reception, and authorship. With the decline of patronage, the rise of the novel and the periodical press, and the emergence of the mass reading public, poets could no longer assume the existence of an audience for poetry. Andrew Franta examines how the reconfigurations of the literary market and the publishing context transformed the ways poets conceived of their audience and the forms of poetry itself. Through readings of Wordsworth, Byron, Shelley, Keats, Hemans, and Tennyson, and with close attention to key literary, political, and legal debates, Franta proposes a new reading of Romanticism and its contribution to modern conceptions of politics and publicity.

Abstrak :
Convinced that the end of the world was at hand, many Romantic women writers assumed the role of the female prophet to sound the alarm before the final curtain fell. Orianne Smith argues that their prophecies were performative acts in which the prophet believed herself to be authorized by God to bring about social or religious transformation through her words. Utilizing a wealth of archival material across a wide range of historical documents, including sermons, prophecies, letters and diaries, Orianne Smith explores the work of prominent women writers - from Hester Piozzi to Ann Radcliffe, from Helen Maria Williams to Anna Barbauld and Mary Shelley - through the lens of their prophetic influence. As this book demonstrates, Romantic women writers not only thought in millenarian terms, but they did so in a way that significantly alters our current critical view of the relations between gender, genre, and literary authority in this period

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Nizar Qabbani merupakan salah satu penyair terkenal di Timur Tengah yang berasal dari Suriah. Karya-karyanya memiliki ciri khas antara lain erotisme, romantisme, isu-isu politik dan tentang sudut pandang seorang wanita terhadap kebebasan sosial wanita. Puisi karya Nizar Qabbani yang menjadi sumber pada jurnal ini adalah puisi dengan judul Al-Qas?dah al-Bahriyyah. Berdasarkan ciri khas karya-karya dari Nizar Qabbani, puisi ini termasuk aliran romantisme, karena terdapat unsur-unsur romantik yaitu keindahan yang berkaitan dengan alam melalui ungkapan perasaan dan imajinasi penyair. Penulis menganalisis puisi ini dengan menggunakan pendekatan strukturalisme dan analisis makna. Pertama, pendekatan strukturalisme menggunakan teori pungtuasi atau tanda baca, diksi atau pemilihan kata dan enjambemen atau larik yang terputus. Kedua, analisis makna yang dalam bahasa Arab disebut lsquo;ilmu balagah yang terdiri dari lsquo;ilmu ma rsquo;ani, lsquo;ilmu bayan, dan lsquo;ilmu bad? rsquo;. Jurnal ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan informasi singkat mengenai kehidupan Nizar Qabbani, menganalisis strukturalisme dan makna puisi untuk mengetahui aspek romantisme yang terdapat dalam puisi ini. Dari analasis puisi, penulis dapat menentukan tema puisi berdasarkan isotopi dari kata-kata yang sering digunakan dalam puisi untuk mengetahui inti dari puisi ini.

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ABSTRACT
Nizar Qabbani is one of the most famous poets in the Middle East whose originated from Syria. His works are characterized such as eroticism, romanticism, political issues and about a woman 39 s perspective on women 39 s social freedom. The poem by Nizar Qabbani who is the source of this journal is a poem titled Al Qas dah al Bahriyyah. Based on the characteristic works of Nizar Qabbani, this poem includes the flow of romanticism, because there are elements of romantic beauty that is related to nature through the expression of feelings and imagination of the poet. The author analyzes this poem by using structuralism and meaning analysis. First, the structuralism approach uses punctuation, diction or selection of words and circumstances or interrupted lines. Second, the analysis of meaning which in Arabic is called lsquo ilmu balagah which consists of lsquo ilmu ma rsquo ani, lsquo ilmu bayan, and lsquo ilmu bad 39 . This journal aims to present brief information about the life of Nizar Qabbani, analyze the structuralism and meaning of poetry to know the romantic aspects contained in this poem. From poetry analytics, the writer can determine the theme of poetry based on isotopi of words often used in poetry to know the essence of this poem.

Abstrak :
Summary: A History of Modern Europe surveys European history from the defeat of Napoleon to the twenty-first century, presenting major historical themes in an authoritative and compelling narrative. Concise and readable, this single volume covers Europe from the early nineteenth century through the early twenty-first century.