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Abstrak :
Keluarga sebagai miniatur masyarakat juga dikenal sebagai lahan utama terjadinya konflik.Kakak-adik yang idealnyaakrab justru dapat mengalami persaingan dan konflik berupa sibling rivalry yang berkepanjangan.Penelitian ini melihat pola relasi dan konflik sosial pada kakak-adik dalam keluarga lewat teori keluarga dalam perspektif konflik milik Klein & White. Penelitian ini fokus pada keluarga dengan dyad berjenis kelamin sama dan berjarak usia relatif dekat (3 tahun). Metode penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif jenis studi kasus dengan pengumpulan data lewat wawancara mendalam.Temuan utama penelitian ini adalah sibling rivalry pada kasus sudah mengarah pada relasi disosiatif, bukan asosiatif. persaingan yang ada tidak sekedar menimbulkan perkelahian sesaat, namun terbawa pada berbagai aspek sehingga menimbulkan relasi yang disosiatif pada kakak-adik. Relasi tersebut dibangun dari relasi orangtua-anak yang intens dengan adanya preferensi dan kekerasan pada keluarga.Penelitian ini menyarankan kakak-adik dan orangtua untuk melakukan kontrol terhadap konflik yang terjadi serta melakukan manajemen konflik untuk menyelesaikan konflik secara menyeluruh. ......Family as a miniature of the society is also known as the main field of conflict to occur. The idea of siblings who were supposed to be close apparently also prone to rivalry and conflict in the form of continuous sibling rivalry. This research describes social conflict which occurs in siblings in the family by mainly using Klein & White’s family theories in conflict perspective. This research focuses on family with same-sex dyads with relatively close age range. This research uses qualitative methods for case study and uses in-depth interview for data collecting. The main findings of this research are sibling rivalry between dyads are mainly dissociative. Such relations were based on the occurance of social preference in parent-child relation and violence in the family. This research suggest siblings and parents to perform social control and conflict management to resolve conflicts.

Abstrak :
Perilaku seksisme masih dijumpai di negara dengan tingkat kesetaraan gender yang cukup tinggi, salah satunya negara Jerman. Di era feminisme yang cukup baik, perilaku seksisme justru dilakukan oleh sesama perempuan. Sesama perempuan ini membentuk persaingan intraseksual atau feminine rivalry dengan standar yang dibuat laki-laki. Standar tersebut dibuat bukan karena pengaruh langsung dari laki-laki, melainkan melalui proses internalisasi objektifikasi perempuan terhadap diri sendiri dan orang lain. Isu tersebut akan diteliti melalui film Freibad (2022) yang disutradarai oleh Doris Dörrie. Penelitian ini disusun dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teori Representasi oleh Stuart Hall dan teori film Auteur. Hasil analisis penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa persaingan antar perempuan banyak terjadi di ruang lingkup feminisme. Kehadiran laki-laki yang minim nyatanya masih memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap pandangan perempuan terhadap sesamanya. Kebebasan perempuan masih terkekang oleh standar laki-laki yang diaplikasikan kepada diri sendiri dan perempuan lain. ......Sexist behavior is still found in countries with high gender equality index, such as Germany. In the feminism era, sexist behavior is actually carried out by fellow women. These women form an intrasexual competition or feminine rivalry with standards made by men. These standards are no longer made because of direct influence of men, but through the internalization process of women’s objectification of themselves and others. This issue will be researched through the film Freibad (2022) directed by Doris Dörrie. This study is conducted using the qualitative method through Representation theory by Stuart Hall and Auteur film theory. The results of this study show that competition between women occurs in the scope of feminism. The insignificant presence of men still has big influence on women’s view towards each other. Women’s freedom is still limited by male standards applied to themselves and other women.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Sibling rivalry pada anak toddler adalah kecemburuan toddler terhadap adik kandungnya. Oleh karena itu, pengetahuan ibu sangat penting dalam mengatasi peristiwa sibling rivalry pada anak toddler. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif kuantitatif untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang sibling rivalry pada anak usia toddler di Kelurahan Tugu Kecamatan Cimanggis Kota Depok. Penelitian ini melibatkan 96 ibu yang memiliki anak usia toddler dimana anak usia toddler tersebut mempunyai adik kandung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar (56,2%) ibu memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik tentang sibling rivalry. Peneliti menyarankan ibu menggunakan pengetahuannya tentang sibling rivalry untuk mengatasi terjadinya sibling rivalry pada anak toddler.

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abstract
Sibling rivalry in toddler is the toddler?s jealous to his younger sibling. Therefore, knowledge of mother is important to handle sibling rivalry in toddler. This study used descriptive quantitative design to identify mother?s knowledge level about sibling rivalry in toddler at Kelurahan Tugu Kecamatan Cimanggis Kota Depok. This study involved 96 mothers with toddler who has younger sibling. The results showed that the majority (56.2%) mothers had good knowledge about the level of sibling rivalry. Researcher recommended that mothers used their knowledge about sibling rivalry to handle sibling rivalry in toddler.

Abstrak :
Intense rivalry between the president and congress is inevitable in presidential electoral system that can produce divided party control of the two branches. Cooperation may be more likely when both the president and congress are of the some party. The give-and-take between national and local representation, deliberation and efficiency, openness and accountability, specific interests and the "public good" ensures a certain amount of confrontation between congress and the president. As we have seen, their relation are shaped by an amalgam of factors: constitutional design, dlifferet constituencies, different terms of office, weak political parties, divided party control of government, ongoing competition for power, and pluralism. Although the rivalry and conflict between Congress and the president are inherent in the US's Presidential system of government, president must find support in Congress and members must seek assistance from the White House. To succeed in office every president must surmount the constitutional and political obstacles to pass their legislative program and establish a working relationship with Congress. Separation of powers and the division of political control between president and congresses do not present an insurmountable barrier to good public policy making. Presidents need to lead both public opinion and a consensus among the policy communities in Congress to solve the problems that are so readily visible. Overcoming divided government, changing public opinion, building consensus, and establishing the nation's policy priorities.

Abstrak :
Sebanyak 75% anak di Indonesia mengalami sibling rivalry. Sibling rivalry yang tidak ditangani dapat berdampak negatif bagi perkembangan anak. Dalam proses pengasuhan anak, peran ayah sangat berarti bagi perkembangan anak.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara keterlibatan ayah dalam proses pengasuhan dan kejadian sibling rivalry pada anak usia prasekolah di Kecamatan Beji. Fokus penelitian ini terletak pada peran ayah sebagai faktor yang mungkin memengaruhi dinamika hubungan antara saudara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah cluster random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara acak di beberapa kluster yang mewakili berbagai kelurahan di Kecamatan Beji. Penelitian ini melibatkan 112 ayah sebagai responden. Data dikumpulkan melalui instrumen penelitian Fatherhood Scale dan kuesioner kejadia sibling rivalry. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara keterlibatan ayah dalam proses pengasuhan dan kejadian sibling rivalry pada anak usia prasekolah dengan nilai signifikansi p-value menggunakan uji chi square sebesar 0,001 (<0,05). Semakin terlibat ayah dalam proses pengasuhan anak, maka akan mengurangi kejadian sibling rivalry pada anak usia prasekolah. Pengasuhan ayah yang optimal pada anak usia prasekolah akan membantu perkembangan kecerdasan emosi anak sehingga anak dapat mengatasi risiko terjadinya sibling rivalry. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat menambahkan faktor motivasi, tempat tinggal, dan kepuasan pernikahan dalam mengasuh anak. ......As many as 75% of children in Indonesia experienced sibling rivalry. Untreated sibling rivalry could have had a negative impact on a child's growth and development. In the process of raising children, the father's role was very important for the child's growth and development. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between father involvement in the parenting process and the incidence of sibling rivalry in preschool children in Beji District. The focus of this research was on the role of the father as a factor that might have influenced the dynamics of the relationship between siblings. The research method used was quantitative with a cross-sectional research design. The sampling technique used in this research was cluster random sampling. Data collection was carried out randomly in several clusters representing various sub-districts in Beji District. This research involved 112 fathers as respondents. Data was collected through the Fatherhood Scale research instrument and sibling rivalry incidence questionnaire. The results of this study found a significant relationship between father involvement in the child care process and the incidence of sibling rivalry in preschool children with a significant p-value using the chi-square test of 0.001 (<0.05). The more involved fathers were in the child-rearing process, the greater the incidence of sibling rivalry in preschool-age children. Optimal paternal care for preschool children would help develop children's emotional intelligence so that children could overcome the risk of sibling rivalry. Future research could add factors of motivation, place of residence, and marital satisfaction in raising children.

Abstrak :
Anak usia prasekolah rentan mengalami perselisihan dengan saudara kandungnya. Pada masa prasekolah, anak juga sedang mengalami perkembangan emosional. Cara ibu mengatasi sibling rivalry dapat berdampak pada perkembangan emosional anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan strategi ibu mengatasi sibling rivalry dengan perkembangan emosional anak usia prasekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross-sectional dengan teknik cluster random sampling didapatkan sampel penelitian berjumlah 112 ibu dengan anak usia prasekolah di Kecamatan Beji Kota Depok. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua jenis kuesioner, yaitu How Do You Manage Children’s Conflict Questionnaire (HMCC) dan Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional-2 (ASQ:SE-2). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara strategi ibu mengatasi sibling rivalry dengan perkembangan emosional anak usia prasekolah (p value = 0,001). Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mengoptimalisasi peran orang tua dan institusi pendidikan dalam meningkatkan perkembangan emosional anak usia prasekolah, khususnya anak yang memiliki saudara kandung di keluarga. ......Preschool-age children are prone to disputes with their siblings. During the preschool period, children are also undergoing emotional development. How mothers cope with rivalry can have an impact on children's emotional development. This study aims to identify the relationship between mothers' strategies to overcome sibling rivalry and the emotional development of preschool-age children. This study used a cross-sectional research design with cluster random sampling technique to obtain a research sample of 112 mothers with preschool-age children in Beji District, Depok City. This study used two types of questionnaires, namely How Do You Manage Children's Conflict Questionnaire (HMCC) and Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional-2 (ASQ:SE-2). The results of this study showed a significant relationship between mothers' strategies to overcome sibling rivalry and the emotional development of preschool-age children (p value = 0.001). This study is expected to optimize the role of parents and educational institutions in improving the emotional development of preschool-age children, especially those who have siblings in the family.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Penelitian ini membahas mengenai dampak rivalitas oligarki antara Raja Bhumibol Adulyadej dan Thaksin Shinawatra terhadap terjadinya kudeta militer tahun 2006 dan 2014 di Thailand. Dengan menggunakan teori oligarki oleh Jeffrey A. Winters dan konsep kudeta oleh Edward Luttwak, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi oligarch yang menghadapi berbagai ancaman dalam mempertahankan kekayaan dan kekuasaan mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana rivalitas yang terjadi antar oligarch tersebut, dan melihat bagaimana rivalitas tersebut berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya kudeta militer di tahun 2006 dan 2014. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Raja Bhumibol Adulyadej dan Thaksin Shinawatra merupakan oligarch karena mereka memiliki sumber daya kekuasaan: hak politik formal; jabatan resmi; kuasa pemaksaan; kekuatan mobilisasi; dan kekuasaan material. Merujuk pada cara mereka dalam menghadapi berbagai ancaman, Raja Bhumibol Adulyadej tergolong sebagai oligarch sultanistik, sementara Thaksin Shinawatra tergolong sebagai penguasa kolektif. Bentuk konkret dari rivalitas kedua oligarch tersebut dapat dilihat melalui bangkitnya kelompok yellow shirt dan red shirt. Rivalitas yang terjadi antara kedua oligarch tersebut pada akhirnya berujung pada kudeta militer di Thailand tahun 2006 dan 2014. Kedua tersebut merupakan bentuk dari pola revolusi karena tujuannya adalah untuk membuat perubahan dalam struktur sosial politik, yakni untuk menggulingkan Thaksin Shinawatra dari pemerintahan dan menghapus pengaruhnya dalam konstelasi politik yang akan datang.

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ABSTRACT This research discusses the impact of the oligarch rivalry between King Bhumibol Adulyadej dan Thaksin Shinawatra towards the 2006 and 2014 military coups in Thailand. By combining the oligarch theory by Jeffrey A. Winters and the concept of coup by Edward Luttwak, it identifies the oligarchs who must deal with several threats in their attempt to defend their wealth and power. The purpose of this research is to see how far the rivalry goes between the two oligarchs and aims to see how it later contributes to the military coup in 2006 and 2014. The findings of this study suggest that King Bhumibol Adulyadej and Thaksin Shinawatra are both oligarchs because they have power resources: formal political rights; official position; coercive powers; mobilizational power; and material power. In terms of how they respond to several threats, while King Bhumibol Adulyadej is considered to be a sultanistic oligarch, Thaksin Shinawatra is considered to be a collective authority. The form of this oligarch rivalry is visible through the rise of the yellow shirt and the red shirt group, and eventually resulted in a military coup in Thailand in 2006 and subsequently the 2014 coup. Both coups were considered as a revolutionary coup because the aim was to make changes in the socio-political structure, namely replacing Thaksin Shinawatra from the prime minister's position and remove his influence in upcoming politics.