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Abstrak :

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ABSTRACT
This is a short, illustrated introduction to the ever-fascinating topic of Egyptian mummies, by an international expert. It is a readable, short, but authoritative overview of Egyptian mummification. It deals with perennially popular topic. It is illustrated throughout in colour. The author, a world expert on Egyptian mummification, addresses the most frequently asked questions about Egyptian mummies: how and why they were made, the religious beliefs which underpinned mummification, the preservation of animals, and how the mummies have been treated from ancient times until the present day. He provides an up to date summary of the ancient evidence, and also considers modern attitudes to Egyptian mummies, emphasising their role as a major source of knowledge and understanding about past societies.

Abstrak :
Summary: It is commonly assumed that we live in an age of unbridled individualism, but in this important new book Montserrat Guibernau argues that the need to belong to a group or community - from peer groups and local communities to ethnic groups and nations - is a pervasive and enduring feature of modern social life. The power of belonging stems from the potential to generate an emotional attachment capable of fostering a shared identity, loyalty and solidarity among members of a given community. It is this strong emotional dimension that enables belonging to act as a trigger for political mobilization and, in extreme cases, to underpin collective violence. Among the topics examined in this book are identity as a political instrument; emotions and political mobilization; the return of authoritarianism and the rise of the new radical right; symbols and the rituals of belonging; loyalty, the nation and nationalism. It includes case studies from Britain, Spain, Catalonia, Germany, the Middle East and the United States. This wide-ranging and cutting-edge book will be of great interest to students and scholars in politics, sociology and the social sciences generally

Abstrak :
Tulisan ini merupakan sebuah analisa simbolik tentang hubungan antara manusia dan binatang liar di Kabupaten Manggarai di Flores Barat. Orang Rembong di Manggarai,mempunyai ceritera dan upacara adat yang menunjukkan adanya hubungan erat antara dunia manusia dan dunia hewan, yang mirip dengan hubungan antara dunia roh dan dunia manusia. Orang Manggarai percaya bahwa binatang liar adalah peliharaan dari roh-roh hutan, maka upacara khusus mesti diadakan sebelum mulai berburu, menanam padi dan jagung untuk menghormati hewan tersebut. Tulisan ini mengetengahkan pola hubungan antara manusia dan hewan liar pada suku Flores Barat yang dirugikan akibat ulah hewan-hewan liar yang merusak kebun-kebun mereka.

Abstrak :
Sifon adalah tradisi sunat pria yang berasal dari suku Atoin Meto yang dapat menjadi sumber penularan HIV/AIDS bagi perempuan Sifon. adanya ritual perempuan Sifon yang melayani hubungan seksual pada pria yang telah menjalani sunat Sifon tanpa pengaman/kondom, dapat menjadi sumber penularan penyakit menular seksual dan HIV/AIDS. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengeksplorasi pengalaman perempuan Sifon menjalani tradisi ritual Sifon dalam konteks penularan HIV/AIDS. Metode yang digunakan pendekatan fenomenologi, dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Kriteria inklusi: perempuan suku Atoin Meto usia > 18 tahun, telah menjadi perempuan Sifon minimla 6 bulan. Partisipan direkrut melalui dukun di desa Nekbaun kabuoaten Kupang dan Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan. Analisis data menggunakan metode Collaizi. Hasil: sebanyak 13 perempuan Sifon yang diwawancarai pada penelitian terdapat 4 tema: 1)Perempuan Sifon mempunyai pengetahuan yang rendah tentang penularan HIV/AIDS melalui Sifon, 2)menjadi perempuan Sifon karena korban penipuan pria Sifon, 3) perempuan Sifon mengalami gejala Penyakit Menular Seksual setelah Melayani Sifon, 4) adanya keyakinan bahwa Obat Kampung (Obat Timor) dapat  mengatasi sakit yang diderita setelah melayani Sifon. Interpretasi terhadap pengalaman perempuan Sifon menjalani ritual Sifon mengindikasikan bahwa Sifon merupakan faktor risiko penularan HIV/AIDS pada perempuan. Program edukasi yang bersifat preventif dan promotif yang peka budaya diperlukan dalam upaya mengurangi risiko penularan HIV/AIDS. ......Sifon is a ritual tradition after male circumcision from the Ation Meto tribe that can be a factor related to HIV/AIDS transmission for Sifon women. Sifon women who serving sexual intercourse to men after circumcision without safety or without condoms, become a source of transmisson of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this paper is to explore the experience of sifon women undergoing sifon rituals traditions in the context of HIV/AIDS transmission. The method used in this study with a phenomenological approach using a purposive sampling technique. Inclusion criteria: Atoin Meto thnix women aged > 18 years, have been a Sifon women for at least 6 months. Participants were recruited through traditional helaers in Nekbaun village of Kupang district and Siuth Central Timor district. Data analysis used the Colaaizi method. Results: as many as 13 women were interviewed for the study, there were 4 themes: 1)Sifon women had lower knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission through sifon, 2)became sifon women because of a victim of a male sifon fraud, 3)sifon women were exposed to sexually transmitted infections after serving sifon, 4)the belief that traditional medicine (Timor medicine) can overcome the pain suffered after sifon. Interpretation of the experience of sifon women undergoing sifon rituals indicated that sifon is a risk factor for transmitting HIV/AIDS to women. Preventive and promotive educational programs with cultural approach are needed in effort to reduce the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission.

Abstrak :
Aji Saraswati (AS) merupakan teks yang berisi panduan ritual literasi dalam tradisi Siwaisme di Nusantara. Pada umumnya, mayoritas teks AS yang dikenal adalah yang berasal dari tradisi Siwaisme di Bali, sedangkan dalam tradisi Jawa belum dikenal secara luas. Dalam penelitian ini membahas teks AS yang berasal dari tradisi Jawa, khususnya koleksi skriptorium Merapi-Merbabu. Teks AS yang berasal dari skriptorium Merapi-Merbabu merupakan sekumpulan fragmen yang berasal dari hipogram teks Bhima Swarga (BhS), Gaṇapati-tattwa (GP), Uttarasabda (US), Dharma Pātañjala (DhP), Wṛhaspati-tattwa (Wrh), Tattwajñāna (TJ), dan Jñānasiddhânta (JS). Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah menerapkan studi intertekstualitas antara teks AS MM dengan hipogram disertai fungsi ritual literasi. Studi intertekstualitas tersebut selanjutnya dilakukan analisis fungsi berdasarkan sekuen-sekuen dalam teks hipogram yang bertransformasi dalam teks AS MM. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Langkah kerja filologi seperti inventarisasi, deskripsi, perbandingan teks, edisi teks, dan terjemahan dilakukan dalam penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan edisi teks yang dapat dipahami masyarakat luas. Teori intertekstualitas dari Rifattere (ekspansi dan konversi) dan Pradotokusumo (modifikasi dan ekserp) digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk menentukan gejala hipogram dalam teks AS MM dari teks hipogram. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah membuktikan secara tekstual bahwa terdapat delapan sekuen teks yang bertransformasi ke dalam teks AS MM. Delapan sekuen yang bertransformasi di antaranya: (1) Asosiasi Trikaya Paramārtha dengan aspek-aspek produksi manuskrip; (2) Posisi Dewi Saraswati; (3) Posisi aksara vokal atau swara; (4) Hakikat aspek dualitas; (5) Hakikat Oṁ Awighnamastu; (6) Mantra ritual literasi; (7) Asosiasi Dewata dengan api; dan (8) Unsur fisiologi. Seluruh sekuen transformasi teks BhS ke dalam teks AS MM merupakan transformasi dari teks prosa naratif dalam bentuk śāstric menjadi teks mantra yang bersifat mistik-magis. Teks mantra dalam AS MM berfungsi sebagai tuntunan dalam ritual literasi di lingkungan skriptorium Merapi-Merbabu. ......Aji Saraswati (AS) is a text that contains guidelines for literacy rituals in the Shivaist tradition in Indonesia. In general, the majority of known AS texts originate from the Shivaism tradition in Bali, while the Javanese tradition is not yet widely known. This research discusses AS texts originating from the Javanese tradition, especially the Merapi-Merbabu scriptorium collection. The AS text originating from the Merapi-Merbabu scriptorium is a collection of fragments originating from the hipograms of the texts Bhima Swarga (BhS), Gaṇapati-tattwa (GP), Uttarasabda (US), Dharma Pātañjala (DhP), Wṛhaspati-tattwa (Wrh), Tattwajñāna ( TJ), and Jñānasiddhânta (JS). The aim of this research is to apply intertextuality studies between AS MM texts and BhS as their hypograms. The intertextuality study was then carried out by functional analysis based on the sequences in the hypograms text which were transformed into AS MM text. This research uses a qualitative approach. Philological work steps such as inventory, description, text comparison, text edition, and translation are carried out in this study to produce text editions that can be understood by the wider community. Rifattere's theory of intertextuality (expansion and conversion) and Pradotokusumo (modification and excerpt) is used in this study to determine the hypogrammatic phenomena in AS MM text from hipogram text. The results of this study are that there are eight text sequences that are transformed into AS MM text. The eight transformed sequences include: (1) Trikaya Paramārtha's association with aspects of manuscript production; (2) Position of Goddess Saraswati; (3) Position of vowel or swara characters; (4) The essence of the aspect of duality; (5) The Reality of Oṁ Awighnamastu; (6) Literacy ritual spells; (7) God's association with fire; and (8) Physiological elements. The entire transformation sequence of hypograms text into AS MM text is a transformation from narrative prose text in śāstric form to mantra text. The text of the spell in AS MM is used in literacy rituals in the Merapi-Merbabu scriptorium environment.

Abstrak :
Ritual pertunangan adalah prosesi sakral, bermakna ikatan perjanjian pernikahan. Oleh sebab itu, calon mempelai dituntut menjaga ikatan tersebut. Namun, apabila terjadi permasalahan yang menyebabkan pertunangan dibatalkan dapat menyulitkan calon mempelai perempuan. Ia dihadapkan pada situasi subordinat yang membuatnya tidak mampu mengambil keputusan. Melalui isu tersebut, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi posisi perempuan dalam ritual pertunangan dan relasi kuasa yang menggerakkannya menampilkan agensi. Peneliti menggunakan metode autoetnografi dan data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teori Sherry B. Ortner tentang subjektivitas dan agensi serta praktik budaya. Hasilnya menunjukkan, calon mempelai perempuan menempati posisi subordinat, sebagai anak perempuan harus patuh (manut), sebagai perempuan dewasa tidak dapat mengambil keputusan dan sebagai calon mempelai perempuan dilarang memutuskan hubungan dengan sepihak. Kuasa mewujud pengetahuan mengenai pancer wali. Selain relasi kuasa, konstruksi dan restriksi kultural terkait sakralitas pertunangan, proses melepaskan anak perempuan pada pasangannya dan hal lain seperti pamali dan malu (isin) juga turut memojokkan posisinya. Melalui relasi kuasa dan konstruksi serta restriksi kultural, calon mempelai perempuan merefleksi peristiwa budaya yang lebih dikenal dengan subjektivitas. Dari subjektivitas, muncul intensi yang menjadi dasar dari agensi. Selanjutnya, agensi calon mempelai perempuan dalam peristiwa pembatalan pertunangan yaitu, nesu (mendiamkan untuk mengontrol emosi), berpura-pura bertahan dan memperbaiki hubungan (ethok-ethok) serta temporarily avoiding (membatasi komunikasi). ......The engagement rituals is a sacred procession, containing bond of marriage agreement. Therefore, the prospective bride and groom are required to maintain those bond. However, if there’s a problem that cause engagement should be canceled, that would be difficult situation for the prospective bride. She faced subordinate situation that cause her unable to made decisions. So, this studies explore the position of women in engagement rituals and power relations that motivate her to show agency. This studies used autoethnography as research method then analyze using Sherry B. Ortner’s theory of cultural practices, subjectivity and agency. The result shows that, the prospective bride as a daughter should obey their parents, as an adult she can’t make decision and as prospective bride she is prohibited from canceling engagement. Power embodies knowledge about pancer wali. In addition to power relations, cultural constructions dan restrictions related to the sacredness of bond, the process releasing a daughter to her partner and other things such as pamali and shame also contributed to her position. Through those situation, she could doing reflection which better known as subjectivity. From subjectivity arises intention which is the basis of agency. Furthermore, the agency of prospective bride namely nesu, ethok-ethok and temporarily avoiding.