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"[ABSTRAKMotor BLDC menjadi motor yang sangat banyak digunakan sekarang karena kelebihannya dibandingkan dengan motor lainnya dalam hal efisiensi, kecepatan dan torsi yang lebih baik, serta umur yang cenderung lebih panjang. Banyak dilakukan penelitian untuk meningkatkan kinerja dari motor BLDC. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari rancangan motor yang paling optimal, dengan membuat rancangan yang divariasikan pada bagian stator. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan simulasi motor tanpa beban dan dengan beban.Pada penelitian ini dibuat empat variasi bukaan alur yang dilakukan pada simulasi tanpa beban dan berbeban. Variasi yang dilakukan adalah membuat lengkungan pada alur dan memvariasikan ukuran bukaan alur pada stator. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan nilai-nilai flux linkage, Back EMF kemudian diolah untuk mendapat Ke pada keadaan tanpa beban dan torsi ripple pada keadaan berbeban untuk dibandingkan agar dapat mengetahui rancangan mana yang memiliki performa terbaik. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa dengan rancangan ukuran yang tepat pada bagian bukaan alur di stator dapat mengurangi daerah saturasi, sehingga pada daerah yang terdapat saturasi dapat diminimalisir panas pada bagian daerah stator motor tersebut dan dapat memperkecil nilai torsi ripple hingga persentase sebesar 6.78% dengan rata-rata torsi ripple sebesar 0.583596818 Nm.ABSTRACTBLDC motors which becoming very widely used now because of its advantages compared to other motor in terms of efficiency, speed and better torque and life tend to be longer. Many research to improve the performance of the BLDC motor. This study aims to find the most optimal motor design, to create designs that varied in the stator. This research was conducted by simulating the motor no load and load.In this study is made of four variations of slot opening performed on the no load and load simulation. Variations to do is make the fillets in the slot opening and varying the size of the slot opening in the stator. In this study obtained values of flux linkage, Back EMF and then processed to obtain Ke in the load simulationand torque ripple at the load simulation of each design are compared to determine which designs that have the best performance.This research found that the design of the right size in the slot opening in the stator can reduce the saturation region, so that in the area there is saturation can be minimized heat in the area of the motor stator and can minimize torque ripple value up to a percentage of 6.78% with an average of 0.583596818 Nm of torque ripple.;BLDC motors which becoming very widely used now because of its advantages compared to other motor in terms of efficiency, speed and better torque and life tend to be longer. Many research to improve the performance of the BLDC motor. This study aims to find the most optimal motor design, to create designs that varied in the stator. This research was conducted by simulating the motor no load and load.In this study is made of four variations of slot opening performed on the no load and load simulation. Variations to do is make the fillets in the slot opening and varying the size of the slot opening in the stator. In this study obtained values of flux linkage, Back EMF and then processed to obtain Ke in the load simulationand torque ripple at the load simulation of each design are compared to determine which designs that have the best performance.This research found that the design of the right size in the slot opening in the stator can reduce the saturation region, so that in the area there is saturation can be minimized heat in the area of the motor stator and can minimize torque ripple value up to a percentage of 6.78% with an average of 0.583596818 Nm of torque ripple.;BLDC motors which becoming very widely used now because of its advantages compared to other motor in terms of efficiency, speed and better torque and life tend to be longer. Many research to improve the performance of the BLDC motor. This study aims to find the most optimal motor design, to create designs that varied in the stator. This research was conducted by simulating the motor no load and load.In this study is made of four variations of slot opening performed on the no load and load simulation. Variations to do is make the fillets in the slot opening and varying the size of the slot opening in the stator. In this study obtained values of flux linkage, Back EMF and then processed to obtain Ke in the load simulationand torque ripple at the load simulation of each design are compared to determine which designs that have the best performance.This research found that the design of the right size in the slot opening in the stator can reduce the saturation region, so that in the area there is saturation can be minimized heat in the area of the motor stator and can minimize torque ripple value up to a percentage of 6.78% with an average of 0.583596818 Nm of torque ripple., BLDC motors which becoming very widely used now because of its advantages compared to other motor in terms of efficiency, speed and better torque and life tend to be longer. Many research to improve the performance of the BLDC motor. This study aims to find the most optimal motor design, to create designs that varied in the stator. This research was conducted by simulating the motor no load and load.In this study is made of four variations of slot opening performed on the no load and load simulation. Variations to do is make the fillets in the slot opening and varying the size of the slot opening in the stator. In this study obtained values of flux linkage, Back EMF and then processed to obtain Ke in the load simulationand torque ripple at the load simulation of each design are compared to determine which designs that have the best performance.This research found that the design of the right size in the slot opening in the stator can reduce the saturation region, so that in the area there is saturation can be minimized heat in the area of the motor stator and can minimize torque ripple value up to a percentage of 6.78% with an average of 0.583596818 Nm of torque ripple.]"

"[ABSTRAKSejak teknologi magnet permanen ini mulai banyak dikembangkan, motor BLDC telah digunakan untuk berbagai aplikasi . Motor BLDC dengan kapasitas daya yang besar banyak digunakan untuk penggerak utama mobil listrik, sepeda listrik, mesin penggerak pada industri-industri. Bentuk atau geometri serta dimensi dari bagian-bagian motor adalah salah satu topik yang umum dibahas dan diteliti dalam riset pengembangan perancangan motor BLDC. Motor BLDC menggunakan magnet permanen pada rotornya sebagai sumber medan magnet. Aliran fluks mempengaruhi torque ripple. Salah satu yang paling mempengaruhi aliran fluks magnet pada motor BLDC adalah bentuk dari stator. Stator sendiri dapat divariasikan bentuknya yang dapat mengatur aliran fluks dari magnet. Pada penelitian ini divariasikan perancangan bentuk stator untuk perancangan rotor yang sama. Variasi yang dilakukan adalah variasi ukuran lebar gigi dan yoke. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan bentuk ukuran yang optimal dari enam variasi yang digunakan adalah bentuk perancangan payung lengkungan stator yang memiliki lebar gigi 10 mm, ukuran lebar yoke 125 mm dan ukuran lebar alur bukaan sebesar 2.4 mm. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa dengan perancangan ukuran yang tepat dan dengan memberikan lengkungan pada bagian kaki stator dapat mengurangi daerah saturasi, sehingga pada daerah yang terdapat saturasi dapat diminimalisir panas pada bagian daerah stator motor tersebut dan dapat memperkecil nilai torsi ripple hingga persentase sebesar 2.31% dengan rata-rata torsi ripple sebesar 0.579770359 Nm.ABSTRACTSince the permanent magnet technology is starting much developed, BLDC motors have been used for various applications. BLDC motors with high power capacity widely used for main propulsion electric vehicles, electric bike, the engine of the industries. Shape or geometry and dimensions from parts of motors is one of the general topics discussed and studied in the research design development BLDC motor. BLDC motors use permanent magnets in the rotor as the source of the magnetic field. Flux flow affects the torque ripple. One of the most affecting the flow of magnetic flux in BLDC motors is the shape of the stator. Stator can be varied forms which can regulate the flow from magnetic flux. In this research designs varied forms of stator for the same rotor design. A variation performed are wide variations tooth thickness and yoke. This research found optimal size form of the six variations used is a forms of umbrella design opening stator which has a tooth width of 10 mm, 125 mm widths yoke and the size of the slot opening width of 2.4 mm. In this research it was found that the design of the right size and by providing fillet on the legs stator can reduce the saturation region, so that the area contained saturation can be minimized heat in the area of the motor stator and can reduce torque ripple to a percentage value of 2.31% with an average of 0.579770359 Nm of torque ripple., Since the permanent magnet technology is starting much developed, BLDC motors have been used for various applications. BLDC motors with high power capacity widely used for main propulsion electric vehicles, electric bike, the engine of the industries. Shape or geometry and dimensions from parts of motors is one of the general topics discussed and studied in the research design development BLDC motor. BLDC motors use permanent magnets in the rotor as the source of the magnetic field. Flux flow affects the torque ripple. One of the most affecting the flow of magnetic flux in BLDC motors is the shape of the stator. Stator can be varied forms which can regulate the flow from magnetic flux. In this research designs varied forms of stator for the same rotor design. A variation performed are wide variations tooth thickness and yoke. This research found optimal size form of the six variations used is a forms of umbrella design opening stator which has a tooth width of 10 mm, 125 mm widths yoke and the size of the slot opening width of 2.4 mm. In this research it was found that the design of the right size and by providing fillet on the legs stator can reduce the saturation region, so that the area contained saturation can be minimized heat in the area of the motor stator and can reduce torque ripple to a percentage value of 2.31% with an average of 0.579770359 Nm of torque ripple.]"

"ABSTRAKTomoterapi memiliki pola iradiasi heliks yang akan membentuk junction dan membuat pola distribusi dosis terganggu. Variasi pola distribusi dosis yang disebabkan oleh pola iradiasi heliks disebut ripple atau thread effect. Nilai thread effect sangat dipengaruhi oleh nilai pitch dan nilai faktor modulasi. Nilai pitch optimal telah dipelajari oleh Kissick et al, yang sama dengan 0,86 / n di mana n adalah bilangan bulat. Selanjutnya, pengaruh faktor modulasi terhadap nilai thread effect telah dipelajari oleh Mingli Chen et al. Dalam penelitian ini, dua jenis target digunakan, target sederhana dan target kompleks, penambahan kasus yaitu adanya dose interrupt, dua jenis scanner yaitu EPSON 10000 XL dan VIDAR, serta dua jenis dosis, dosis tunggal dan Simultaneous Integrated Boost (SIB) dengan variasi pitch dan nilai faktor modulasi. Untuk nilai pitch, kami memvariasikannya dari 0,287; 0,35; hingga 0,43, sedangkan kami menggunakan variasi 2; 2,2; 2,5; 2,8; dan 2,9 untuk faktor modulasi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa target kompleks memiliki nilai ripple sekitar 1%-2% lebih rendah daripada target sederhana. Selain itu, area dosis tinggi memiliki nilai ripple sekitar 0,5%-3% lebih rendah daripada area dosis rendah saat menggunakan SIB. Untuk gamma indeks didapat nilai >99% ketika menggunakan DQA Station dan >70% ketika menggunakan Film QA Pro untuk kriteria 3%/3mm. Dari hasil ini kami menemukan bahwa thread effect sangat dipengaruhi bentuk target, dan besarnya nilai dosis yang digunakan untuk kasus SIB. Selaint itu, posisi film sangat berpengaruh ketika menggunakan EPSON 10000XL dibanding ketika menggunakan VIDAR. Pada kasus interrupt dose, waktu terjadinya gangguan tidak terlalu mempengaruhi distribusi dosis.

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ABSTRACTTomotherapy has a helical irradiation pattern that will form a junction and made interfere dose distribution pattern. The variation of dose distribution pattern where it caused by the helical irradiation pattern is called ripple pattern or thread effect. Thread effect value is strongly influenced by the pitch and modulation factor value. The optimal pitch value has been studied by Kissick et al, which is equal to 0.86/n where n is integer. Furthermore, the effect of modulation factor against thread effect value has been studied by Mingli Chen et al. In this study, two types of targets were used, simple target and complex target, addition of cases namely dose interrupt, two types of scanners, EPSON 10000XL and VIDAR, and two types of doses, single dose and Simultaneous Integrated Boost (SIB) with varied pitch and modulation factor value. For the pitch value, we varied from 0.287, 0.35, to 0.43, whereas we used variation of 2, 2.2, 2.5, 2.8, and 2.9 for the modulation factor. The results show that complex target have ripple values around of 1%-2% lower than simple target. In addition, high doses area have ripple values around of 0.5%-3% lower than low doses area when using SIB. For gamma index, the value is >99% when using DQA Station and >70% when using Film QA Pro for criteria 3%/3mm. From this result we found that thread effect was influenced by target form and doses value used for SIB cases. After that, the position of film is very influential when using EPSON 10000 XL compared to when using VIDAR. In the case of an interrupt dose, the timing of the interference does not significantly affect the dose distribution."

"This book describes an original improvement in power quality of photovoltaic generation systems obtained by the use of a multilevel inverter implemented with level doubling network (LDN). Modulation principles and harmonic analysis of output voltages are proposed and introduced in detail for both single and three-phase LDN configurations. The analysis is then extended to dc-link current and voltage, with emphasis to low-frequency harmonics and switching frequency ripple. This work represents the first comprehensive implementation of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) schemes using the ripple correlation control (RCC) algorithm in the presence of multiple ripple harmonics, such as in the case of multi­level inverters. Numerical simulations and experimental tests are carefully reported here, together with practical insights into the design of dc-link capacitors."

"This book investigates the utilization of harmonics in the permanent magnet (PM) or rotor shape to improve the torque density of PM brushless AC machines including three-phase inner rotor and outer rotor machines, five-phase machines, dual three-phase machines, linear machines, by means of analytical, finite element analyses, and as well as experimental validation. The torque density can be improved while the torque ripple remains low in PM shaping utilizing the 3rd harmonic. In this book, the analytical expression of output torque is derived for PM machines with rotor shape using the 3rd harmonic, and then the optimal 3rd harmonic for maximizing torque is analytically obtained. The book compares the PM shape in surface-mounted PM (SPM) machines and the rotor lamination shape in interior PM (IPM) machines utilizing the 3rd harmonic, and it becomes clear that their shaping methods and amount of torque improvement are different. In a five-phase PM machine, the 3rd harmonic can be utilized in both the current waveform and PM shapes to further improve the output torque. For the dual three-phase SPM machines without deteriorating the torque more than 30% when the optimal 3rd harmonic into both the current and PM shape are injected.The harmonics in airgap flux density have significant influence on the cogging torque, stator iron flux distribution, and radial force between the rotor and stator. These effects has been investigated as well in this book."

"This study reports a novel strategy for minimizing torque ripple in a radial flux inset permanent magnet (RFIPM) generator by using a geometric modification of the magnet poles. We simulate the design of three different types of edge-rounded magnet (ERM) poles using finite element method magnetics (FEMM) software for a 16 poles and 24 slots RFIPM generator. We found that the edge-rounding of magnet poles significantly lowered the torque ripple of the generator with a reduction of about 74% (torque ripple of 7.76%). In addition, the modified RFIPM generator exhibited enhanced flux density uniformity in the air-gap of the generator (up to ~ 48.8%), leading to a smoother line of flux density."

"ABSTRAKUndang-Undang adalah Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang dibentuk oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dengan persetujuan Presiden. Undang-Undang memiliki sifat mengikat secara umum. Semua ketentuan pada Undang-Undang berlaku untuk seluruh rakyat Indonesia, termasuk ketentuan pidana di dalamnya. Oleh karena itu, setiap warga negara Indonesia perlu memahami informasi sanksi pidana pada Undang-Undang. Melalui penelitian ini, peneliti mengajukan metode untuk mendapatkan informasi pidana dari Undang-Undang. Pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan klasifikasi tiap pasal, ayat, dan poin huruf pada Undang-Undang. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga metode klasifikasi, yaitu Support Vector Machine, Classification and Regression Tree, dan Ripple Down Rules Learner. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa metode Classification and Regression Tree memberikan hasil terbaik, dengan F1-score mencapai 93,3 .

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ABSTRACTLaw is a set of provisions and rules formed by People 39 s Representative Council with the agreement of President. Law generally binds every people in Indonesia. In other words, all provisions in Law apply to all people in Indonesia, including the punishment provisions. Because of that, every Indonesian people needs to understand the punishment provisions in Law documents. In this research, we propose a method to get all the punishment provisions from Law text. The approach taken is by doing classification on every articles, verses, and points in Law document. We use three classification methods in this research, which are Support Vector Machine, Classification and Regression Tree, and Ripple Down Rules Learner. Experiment results show that Classification and Regression Tree gives the best results, with F1 score reaching 93,3 ."