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Abstrak :
Hakikat pembangunan berkelanjutan merupakan peningkatan kualitas hidup manusia dan menjamin keberlanjutannya. Dewasa ini, pembangunan kota hanya menitikberatkan perubahan lingkungan dan tidak membangun manusia yang menempatinya. Bahkan, perkembangan kota-kota Indonesia cenderung mengikuti mekanisme pasar, seperti permukiman di Kelurahan Terboyo Wetan Kecamatan Genuk, Semarang. Permukiman ini berkembang sejak beroperasinya zona industri Genuk pada tahun 1980-an. Awalnya, permukiman ini merupakan perkampungan nelayan yang masyarakatnya menggantungkan hidupnya pada laut. Industrialisasi besar-besaran telah mengubah kondisi kehidupan masyarakat. Untuk menelusuri lebih mendalam, penelitian ini memiliki tiga tujuan, yaitu (1) memahami kesejahteraan masyarakat, (2) memahami preferensi masyarakat terhadap kesejahteraan, dan (3) memahami seberapa besar kemampuan kesejahteraan masyarakat untuk mendukung permukiman yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan membuktikan hipotesis dengan realitas di lapangan. Temuan studi menunjukkan permukiman Terboyo Wetan rawan tidak berlanjut. Menurut penilaian objektif, dari 5 aspek kualitas hidup menurut pemahaman human settlement hanya satu aspek yang mendukung, yaitu society. Keempat aspek lainnya (man, nature, shells, dan network) tidak mendukungnya. Begitupula cara pandang warga yang bersifat antroposentris berdampak pada perilaku kurang ramah lingkungan. Ini tercermin dari makna kesejahteraan menurut warga, yaitu pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar dalam lingkup ekonomi dan belum memikirkan aspek lingkungan hidup. Bahkan, beberapa warga menganggap kondisi lingkungan yang terpuruk merupakan konsekuensi permukiman pesisir.

The essence on sustainable development is to have human life quality improvement and assure their sustainability. Today, the development of city is only focused in environmental changes without deeply developing the human who dwells it. Even, such cities in Indonesia tends to follow market mechanism as also like the settlement on Terboyo Wetan sub district, district of Genuk, Semarang City. The settlement has been developed since its opening as an industrial zone of Genuk in 1980s. The settlement, initially was fishermen settlement, where the society has enlivens their life from the sea. The enormously industrialization has changed the society living condition. To explore intensively, this observation has three aims, as follows: (1) the understanding residents welfare of the society, (2) understanding residents preference toward residents welfare, and (3) understanding on capability of the society to support sustainability of the settlement. This research was using qualitative method and improving hypothesis by reality on the field. Study finding revealed that the settlement of fragile Terboyo Wetan is not in continuous form. Based on objective assessment, from 5 quality of life aspect according to human settlement understanding, there is only 1 aspect supported, which is society while the other four aspects (man, nature, shells and network) are not properly supporting. Indeed, the, which anthropocentris, created unfriendly behaviors toward their environment. It is reflected by the meaning of residents welfare according to the society as such basic need fulfillments in economics scopes instead of as vastly for environmental living aspect. Hence some of them assumed that the condition of environmental degradation is a normal consequence for terrestrial settlement.

Abstrak :
Warga negara, penduduk, dan rakyat adalah tiga istilah yang berbeda. Rakyat adalah orang-orang diluar pemerintahan yang harus dilayani oleh pemerintah. penduduk adalah orang-orang yang bermukim disuatu wilayah. Warga negara adalah bagian dari penduduk yang menjadi unsur negara dan mempunyai hubungan timbal balik dalam bentuk hak dan kewajiban terhadap begara. Hak utama dari seorang warga negara yang membedakannya dengan penduduk lain yang bukan warga negara ialah hak untuk memilih dan dipilih dalam jabatan negara seperti bupati, gubernur, ataupun presiden. Khusus untuk menjadi calon presiden atau calon wakil presiden, pasal 6 UUD NRI Tahun1945 menyatakan bahwa warga negara yang bisa menjadi calon presiden ataupun calon wakil presiden hanyalah mereka yang telah menjadi warga negara sejak kelahirannya dan tidak pernah menerima kewarganegaraan lain atas kehendaknya sendiri. Dengan demikian warga negara yang memperoleh kewarganegaraan melalui proses naturalisasi atau pernah menerima kewarganegaraan lain atas kehendaknya tidak memenuhi persyaratan tersebut. Akhir-akhir ini muncul desakan agar syarat kewarganegaraan sejak lain untuk dicalonkan menjadi presiden atau wakil calon presiden haruslah orang indonesia asli seperti naskah awalnya. Alesannya ialah bahwa Indonesia adalah negara perjuangan yang dilahirkan oleh orang-orang asli Indonesia, sehingga merekalah yang memahami semangat kejuangan dan jati diri bangsa Indonesia. Usul ini tidak mudah diterapkan seketika karena harus merubah pasal yang berkaitan dengan itu dalam undang-undang dasar, atau menterjemah lebih lanjut maksud tersebut dalam undang-undang pelaksanaan.

Abstrak :
[Tesis ini menganalisis persepsi pemangku kepentingan tentang efektivitas program rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi permukiman masyarakat terdampak bencana melalui pendekatan berbasis masyarakat di daerah relokasi dalam rangka rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi permukiman masyarakat terdampak letusan Merapi 2010 di Kabupaten Sleman Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma postpositivisme dengan metode gabungan (mixed method) dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa penerima manfaat mempersepsikan program relokasi yang dilakukan telah berjalan secara efektif. Akan tetapiterdapat juga kemungkinan-kemungkinan perbaikan untuk mengatasi beberapa permasalahan yang ditemukan dalam penelitian untuk penerapan di masa yang akan datang. Perbaikan dapat dilakukan pada proses pengambilan keputusan di tingkat masyarakat termasuk menghilangkan elite capture, pendampingan yang lebih intensif dan pengenalan budaya baru di lokasi relokasi. Model mekanisme yang efektif haruslah berpusat pada penghidupan masyarakat, disebut livelihood-centered relocation. Masyarakat akan dengan mudah untuk direlokasi apabila telah mengetahui dengan baik pola penghidupan mereka di daerah relokasi yang baru. Diharapkan penataan permukiman juga akan ditentukan penghidupan para penerima manfaat. ......This research analyzes the stakeholder perception on the effectiveness of the settlement rehabilitation and reconstruction program of Merapi-eruption impacted community through community-based approach in Sleman District Province of Special Region Yogyakarta. The research paradigm is post positivism with mixed method with descriptive design. The research result presents that the community as the stakeholder perceived the relocation program is effective. The research, however, also presents some opportunities for improvement toward a more effective relocation program in the future. Improvement can be made on decision making process in community level, decreasing of elite capture and introduction of the new culture of living in relocation site. The research also proposes an effective model of community-based relocation. The model is livelihood-centered relocation. The livelihood is basis for the design of relocation. planning. Once the community feels comfortable with the future of their livelihood, the mobilization of the beneficiaries will face less resistance. Expectedly, the resettlement design will be based on the beneficiaries? livelihood, This research analyzes the stakeholder perception on the effectiveness of the settlement rehabilitation and reconstruction program of Merapi-eruption impacted community through community-based approach in Sleman District Province of Special Region Yogyakarta. The research paradigm is post positivism with mixed method with descriptive design. The research result presents that the community as the stakeholder perceived the relocation program is effective. The research, however, also presents some opportunities for improvement toward a more effective relocation program in the future. Improvement can be made on decision making process in community level, decreasing of elite capture and introduction of the new culture of living in relocation site. The research also proposes an effective model ofcommunity-based relocation. The model is livelihood-centered relocation. The livelihood is basis for the design of relocation planning. Once the community feels comfortable with the future of their livelihood, the mobilization of the beneficiaries will face less resistance. Expectedly, the resettlement design will be based on the beneficiaries? livelihood]

Abstrak :
Dokter bedah dan PPDS bedah merupakan kelompok profesi yang berisiko tinggi mengalami nyeri muskuloskeletal akibat berbagai pajanan saat melakukan pekerjaan. Nyeri muskuloskeletal dapat memengaruhi kualitas kerja dan kualitas hidup. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui keselarasan postur berdiri serta adanya nyeri muskuloskeletal pada PPDS Bedah di RSCM. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang pada tiga puluh tujuh subjek yang berpartisipasi sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Luaran dari penelitian ini adalah abnormalitas postur berdiri bidang sagital yang dinilai dari foto postur berdiri dan ada tidaknya nyeri muskuloskeletal yang dinilai dengan kuesioner Nordic terstandar. Dari penilaian postur didapatkan sebanyak 72,97% subjek mengalami abnormalitas postur berdiri pada bidang sagital. Sebanyak 46% subjek mengeluhkan adanya nyeri muskuloskeletal terkait pekerjaan. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara abnormalitas postur berdiri bidang sagital dengan nyeri muskuloskeletal (p=0,46). Dari analisis multivariat didapatkan bahwa faktor berupa status nutrisi (p=0,22), rerata durasi operasi (p=0,21), dan rerata durasi operasi per minggu (p=0,17) turut memengaruhi terjadinya abnormalitas postur berdiri bidang sagital. Faktor kebiasaan berolahraga (p=0,059), kebiasaan merokok (p=0,092), dan lama bekerja di kamar operasi (p=0,081) memengaruhi terjadinya nyeri muskuloskeletal pada subjek. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan menambah cakupan subjek. Sebagai tambahan, sebaiknya juga dilanjutkan dengan analisis kamar operasi dan pemeriksaan postur selama melakukan berbagai tindakan operasi. Surgeons and surgery residents are professional groups that are high risk of experiencing musculoskeletal pain due to various exposures while doing work. The study determined the alignment of sagittal standing posture and the presence of musculoskeletal pain in surgery resident at RSCM. This study was a cross-sectional study in thirty-seven subjects according to inclusion criteria. The outcome was the abnormality of sagittal standing posture by photographs and the presence of musculoskeletal pain as assessed by Nordic standardized questionnaire. It was found that 72.97% of the subjects experienced abnormalities in sagittal plane of standing posture. Approximately 46% of the subjects complained of work-related musculoskeletal pain. There was no relationship between abnormal standing posture in the sagittal plane and musculoskeletal pain (p=0.46). From multivariate analysis, it was found that nutritional status (p=0.22), mean duration of surgery (p=0.21), and average duration of surgery per week (p=0.17) influenced the occurrence of abnormal standing posture in the sagittal plane. The factors of exercise habits (p=0.059), smoking habits (p=0.092), and length of work in the operating room (p=0.081) influenced the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain. Further research is needed by increasing scope of the subject. In addition, it is advisable to continue with operating room analysis and posture checks during various operations. 

Abstrak :
Post-suburban merupakan suatu wilayah yang memiliki beberapa pusat kegiatan yang eksklusif dan terpisah secara fungsional dan spatial antara permukiman, pusat perbelanjaan, atau kawasan industry, serta memiliki gaya tarik masing-masing. Setiap pusat ini memiliki fungsi khusus dan dipisahkan dengan jarak tempuh 15-30 menit menggunakan mobil, dengan frekuensi perjalanan dalam dan antar kota yang seimbang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati pemenuhan kebutuhan rekreasi penduduk wilayah post-suburban, khususnya Bintaro Jaya dan Bumi Serpong Damai. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner di media sosial internet serta dilengkapi dengan observasi lapang. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis spasial dan deskriptif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pada wilayah Bintaro Jaya dan BSD City didominasi oleh responden dengan kelas sosial menengah dan tinggi. Dominasi kegiatan rekreasi di Bintaro Jaya dilakukan di Bintaro Xchange Mall, sementara di BSD dilakukan di Aeon Mall BSD City. Kondisi fisik kedua ruang rekreasi ini adalah ruang rekreasi dengan jenis tenant yang lengkap sehingga menjadi one stop solution bagi penduduk wilayah post-suburban, dimana mereka hanya perlu mengunjungi satu ruang rekreasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Kesimpulan dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bintaro Jaya dan Bumi Serpong Damai merupakan kota post-suburban yang mandiri dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan rekreasi. Ruang rekreasi yang dipilih penduduk di wilayah post-suburban adalah ruang rekreasi yang modern dan serba ada untuk menunjang gaya hidup yang mudah, efisien, dan modern. ......Post-suburbanization results in an area with several exclusive, functionally and spatially separated activity zones, between residential zones, shopping centers, industrial zones, and each with its own appeal. Each zone serves a specific function and is separated by a travel distance of 15-30 minutes by car, with a balanced frequency of travel within and between cities. This research aims to examine the fulfillment of recreational needs for residents in post-suburban cities, particularly Bintaro Jaya and Bintaro Serpong Damai. Data collection was conducted using online questionnaires spread through social media, supported by field observations. Data analysis was through spatial and descriptive analysis. The results of the analysis indicate that in Bintaro Jaya and BSD City, respondents are predominantly from middle and high social classes. Recreational activities in Bintaro Jaya are concentrated at Bintaro Xchange Mall, while in BSD City are concentrated at Aeon Mall BSD City. The physical conditions of these recreational spaces are characterized by comprehensive tenant offerings, making them a one-stop solution for the post-suburban residents, where they only need to visit one recreational space to meet their needs. The conclusion of this research indicates that Bintaro Jaya and Bumi Serpong Damai are self-sufficient post-suburban cities in meeting recreational needs. Consumers' choice for recreational spaces in post-suburban cities lean towards modern, one stop solutions that support an easy, efficient, and modern lifestyle.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Banyaknya jumlah kasus ROP yang terlambat dirujuk ke RSCM-Kirana menunjukkan bahwa penanganan ROP di Indonesia masih merupakan tantangan. Keterlambatan diagnosis ROP yang ditemukan di RSCM tersebut dapat disebabkan oleh terbatasnya dokter mata ahli retina dan pediatric ophthalmologist (PO) dan kurangnya pengetahuan dokter mata umum dalam mendiagnosis ROP. Pengetahuan dan keterampilan mendiagnosis ROP merupakan salah satu mata ajar dalam program pendidikan dokter spesialis mata di FKUI. Data mengenai seberapa baik pengetahuan PPDS tersebut dalam mendiagnosis ROP belum tersedia. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi kemampuan PPDS mata dalam mendiagnosis ROP berdasarkan pembacaan hasil foto wide field digital retinal imaging (WFDRI) bayi prematur. Metode: Sebanyak 25 set foto WFDRI dibaca dan diinterpretasi oleh 15 subjek PPDS mata, dan digolongkan ke dalam 4 klasifikasi: tidak ada ROP, ROP ringan, ROP tipe 2, dan ROP yang memerlukan terapi. Pembacaan oleh subjek tersebut dihitung nilai kesesuaiannya (Kappa) terhadap pembacaan oleh 3 konsultan PO sebagai referensi, kemudian ditentukan tingkat kesesuaian berdasarkan penggolongan nilai Kappa. Tingkat kesesuaian yang diharapkan adalah ?sangat baik?, khusus untuk penentuan ROP perlu terapi, nilai Kappa yang diharapkan adalah 1,00. Hasil: Dalam penentuan adanya ROP, seluruh subjek memiliki tingkat kesesuaian ?sangat baik? (Kappa 1,00); dalam penentuan ROP ringan atau lebih berat, hanya 1 dari 15 subjek memiliki tingkat kesesuaian ?sangat baik?, 9 subjek memiliki kesesuaian ?baik?, dan 5 subjek memiliki kesesuian ?sedang? (Kappa 0,65+0,15); dalam penentuan ROP tipe 2 atau lebih berat, 10 dari 15 subjek memiliki tingkat kesesuaian ?sangat baik?, 3 subjek memiliki kesesuaian ?baik?, dan 2 subjek memiliki kesesuaian ?sedang? (Kappa 0,45-1,00); dalam penentuan ROP yang memerlukan terapi, hanya 7 dari 15 subjek yang memiliki nilai Kappa 1,00, namun 12 dari 15 subjek memiliki tingkat kesesuaian ?sangat baik?, dan 3 subjek memiliki kesesuaian ?baik? (Kappa 0,75-1,00). Dalam penentuan zona dan stadium, hanya sebagian kecil subjek yang memiliki tingkat kesesuaian ?sangat baik? (Kappa 0,35-0,81 dan 0,32-0,91); sedangkan dalam penentuan plus disease, hanya 6 dari 15 subjek yang memiliki nilai Kappa 1,00. Kesimpulan: Kemampuan PPDS mata dalam mendiagosis ROP belum seluruhnya mencapai target yang diharapkan. ABSTRACT
Background: Numerous late-stage ROP cases that referred to Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (Kirana) showed us that ROP management in Indonesia is still a challenge. The delayed management might be caused by limited number of vitreoretinal specialist or pediatric ophthalmologist, and inadequate diagnostic knowledge of ROP of the general ophthalmologists. In condition of limited number of vitreoretinal and pediatric ophthalmologists, the general ophthalmologists are suggested to be taking part in ROP screening program. In FKUI, ROP screening has been a part of residency training program, however, there was no available data of ROP diagnostic knowledge of the residents. Purpose: To measure agreement of image-based ROP diagnosis between ophthalmology residents and pediatric ophthalmologist. Methods: Twenty-five sets of retinal photographs of premature infants were interpreted by 15 ophthalmology residents and pediatric ophthalmologists, and classified into 4 categories: no ROP, mild ROP, type 2 ROP, and treatmentrequiring ROP. Agreements are measured for diagnosis classification, stage, zone, and plus disease detection. Level of agreement was measured based on Kappa value of each subjects. The expected level of agreement for each category was ?very good agreement?. For treatment-requiring ROP and plus disease, the expected Kappa value was 1.00. Results: For detection of no ROP, agreement of all subjects was ?very good? (Kappa 1,00); for detection of mild or worse ROP, only 1 of 15 subjects has ?very good agreement?, 9 of 15 subjects have ?good agreement?, and 5 subjects have ?moderate agreement? (Kappa 0,65+0,15); for detection of type 2 or worse ROP, 10 of 15 subjects have ?very good agreement?, 3 subjects have ?good agreement?, and 2 subjects have ?moderate agreement? (Kappa 0,45-1,00); for detection of requiring-therapy ROP, only 7 of 15 subjects that have Kappa value of 1.00, however, 12 of 15 subjects have ?very good agreement?, and only 3 subjects have ?good agreement? (Kappa 0,75-1,00). For detection of stage and zone of ROP, only a little number of subjects have ?very good agreement? (Kappa 0.35-0.81, and 0.32-0.91, respectively); and for plus disease detection, only 6 of 15 subjects have Kappa value of 1.00. Conclusion: Agreement of image-based ROP diagnosis between ophthalmology residents and pediatric ophthalmologist has not achieved the expected target yet. ;Background: Numerous late-stage ROP cases that referred to Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (Kirana) showed us that ROP management in Indonesia is still a challenge. The delayed management might be caused by limited number of vitreoretinal specialist or pediatric ophthalmologist, and inadequate diagnostic knowledge of ROP of the general ophthalmologists. In condition of limited number of vitreoretinal and pediatric ophthalmologists, the general ophthalmologists are suggested to be taking part in ROP screening program. In FKUI, ROP screening has been a part of residency training program, however, there was no available data of ROP diagnostic knowledge of the residents. Purpose: To measure agreement of image-based ROP diagnosis between ophthalmology residents and pediatric ophthalmologist. Methods: Twenty-five sets of retinal photographs of premature infants were interpreted by 15 ophthalmology residents and pediatric ophthalmologists, and classified into 4 categories: no ROP, mild ROP, type 2 ROP, and treatmentrequiring ROP. Agreements are measured for diagnosis classification, stage, zone, and plus disease detection. Level of agreement was measured based on Kappa value of each subjects. The expected level of agreement for each category was ?very good agreement?. For treatment-requiring ROP and plus disease, the expected Kappa value was 1.00. Results: For detection of no ROP, agreement of all subjects was ?very good? (Kappa 1,00); for detection of mild or worse ROP, only 1 of 15 subjects has ?very good agreement?, 9 of 15 subjects have ?good agreement?, and 5 subjects have ?moderate agreement? (Kappa 0,65+0,15); for detection of type 2 or worse ROP, 10 of 15 subjects have ?very good agreement?, 3 subjects have ?good agreement?, and 2 subjects have ?moderate agreement? (Kappa 0,45-1,00); for detection of requiring-therapy ROP, only 7 of 15 subjects that have Kappa value of 1.00, however, 12 of 15 subjects have ?very good agreement?, and only 3 subjects have ?good agreement? (Kappa 0,75-1,00). For detection of stage and zone of ROP, only a little number of subjects have ?very good agreement? (Kappa 0.35-0.81, and 0.32-0.91, respectively); and for plus disease detection, only 6 of 15 subjects have Kappa value of 1.00. Conclusion: Agreement of image-based ROP diagnosis between ophthalmology residents and pediatric ophthalmologist has not achieved the expected target yet. ;Background: Numerous late-stage ROP cases that referred to Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (Kirana) showed us that ROP management in Indonesia is still a challenge. The delayed management might be caused by limited number of vitreoretinal specialist or pediatric ophthalmologist, and inadequate diagnostic knowledge of ROP of the general ophthalmologists. In condition of limited number of vitreoretinal and pediatric ophthalmologists, the general ophthalmologists are suggested to be taking part in ROP screening program. In FKUI, ROP screening has been a part of residency training program, however, there was no available data of ROP diagnostic knowledge of the residents. Purpose: To measure agreement of image-based ROP diagnosis between ophthalmology residents and pediatric ophthalmologist. Methods: Twenty-five sets of retinal photographs of premature infants were interpreted by 15 ophthalmology residents and pediatric ophthalmologists, and classified into 4 categories: no ROP, mild ROP, type 2 ROP, and treatmentrequiring ROP. Agreements are measured for diagnosis classification, stage, zone, and plus disease detection. Level of agreement was measured based on Kappa value of each subjects. The expected level of agreement for each category was ?very good agreement?. For treatment-requiring ROP and plus disease, the expected Kappa value was 1.00. Results: For detection of no ROP, agreement of all subjects was ?very good? (Kappa 1,00); for detection of mild or worse ROP, only 1 of 15 subjects has ?very good agreement?, 9 of 15 subjects have ?good agreement?, and 5 subjects have ?moderate agreement? (Kappa 0,65+0,15); for detection of type 2 or worse ROP, 10 of 15 subjects have ?very good agreement?, 3 subjects have ?good agreement?, and 2 subjects have ?moderate agreement? (Kappa 0,45-1,00); for detection of requiring-therapy ROP, only 7 of 15 subjects that have Kappa value of 1.00, however, 12 of 15 subjects have ?very good agreement?, and only 3 subjects have ?good agreement? (Kappa 0,75-1,00). For detection of stage and zone of ROP, only a little number of subjects have ?very good agreement? (Kappa 0.35-0.81, and 0.32-0.91, respectively); and for plus disease detection, only 6 of 15 subjects have Kappa value of 1.00. Conclusion: Agreement of image-based ROP diagnosis between ophthalmology residents and pediatric ophthalmologist has not achieved the expected target yet.