Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Liking Ike examines the prominent role that celebrities and advertising agencies played in Dwight Eisenhowers presidency. Guided by Madison Avenue executives and television pioneers, Eisenhower cultivated famous supporters as a way of building the kind of broad-based support that had eluded the Republican Party for twenty years. It is customary to see the charismatic John F. Kennedy and his Rat Pack entourage as the beginning of presidential glamour in the United States, but from Kate Smith and Irving Berlin to Jimmy Stewart and Helen Hayes, celebrities regularly appeared in the generals campaigns. Ikes political career was so saturated with celebrity that opponents from the right and left accused him of being a glamour candidate. Liking Ike tells the story of how Madison Avenue executives strategically brought celebrities into the political process. Based on original interviews and long-neglected archival materials, the book explores the changing dynamics of celebrity politics as Americans adjusted to the television age. By the mid-1920s, entertainers were routinely drawing publicity to their favorite candidates. But with the rise of television and mass advertising, political advisers began to professionalize the attention Hollywood and Broadway stars could bring to presidential campaigns. In meetings, memos, and television scripts, they charted a strategy for leavening political programming with celebrity interviews, musical performances, and elaborate television spectaculars that would surround their candidates with beautiful sets and popular personalities. Ikes legacy would inform the subsequent careers of John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini membahas tinjauan politik dan keamanan tembok perbatasan Amerika Serikat-Meksiko pada masa pemerintahan Donald Trump (2017-2019). Penulis memilih era pemerintahan Trump karena dalam perpolitikan AS, kebijakan sekuritisasi perbatasan mengalami tightening (penegangan) pada masa Trump. Penulis meneliti pembangunan tembok perbatasan dalam kaitannya dengan keamanan dalam negeri AS. Kemudian penulis menganalisis sikap dua partai dominan di AS yaitu Partai Demokrat dan Partai Republik. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan dua konsep yang berkaitan satu sama lain yaitu Konsep Kedaulatan Negara, dan Konsep Keamanan Nasional. Penulis menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif eksploratif. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa ditinjau dari aspek keamanan, kebijakan Trump membangun tembok perbatasan AS-Meksiko kurang relevan karena imigran ilegal dari Amerika Latin yang datang ke AS tidak terbukti meningkatkan tingkat kejahatan di dalam AS. Tinjauan politik menunjukkan bahwa kedua belah pihak baik Partai Demokrat dan Partai Republik sama-sama menganggap bahwa keamanan perbatasan itu penting. Namun pihak Partai Demokrat tidak setuju dengan gagasan tembok. Ketidaksetujuan tersebut didasarkan pada beberapa alasan diantaranya: pertama, hingga saat ini Trump tak kunjung melakukan implementasi pembangunan tembok sesuai dengan janji kampanyenya pada tahun 2016 untuk membangun tembok konkrit. Kedua, tembok bukan merupakan alat keamanan yang efektif. Ketiga, tembok perbatasan dinilai mustahil karena melewati topografi yang beragam. Keempat, kebijakan tembok merupakan masalah bukan solusi karena Trump menempatkan imigran dalam posisi yang lebih vulnerable. Bagaimanapun kedua belah pihak sama-sama melakukan politisasi tembok. Partai Republik mempertahankan pembangunan tembok demi elektabilitas Trump pada pemilu presiden AS tahun 2020, sedangkan Partai Demokrat berusaha menyeimbangkan suara di negara-negara bagian berbasis imigran.

---

This research discusses the political and security review of the United States-Mexico border wall during Donald Trumps administration (2017-2019). The author chooses Trump administration because on US politics, the border securitization policy undergoes tightening during the Trump era. The author examines the border wall establishment and its relation to US internal security. The author analyzes the attitude of the two dominant parties in the US namely the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. In this research, the author applies two concepts that related to each other namely the concept of State Sovereignty and the concept of National Security with explorative qualitative analysis method. The findings show that in the security aspect, Trump's policy establishing the US-Mexico wall is less relevant because illegal immigrants from Latin America who come to the US are not proven to increase crime rates within the US. In the political aspect, both the Democratic Party and the Republican Party consider border security as an important matter. However, the Democratic Party does not agree with the idea of the wall. The Democratic Party does not agree with the wall because of several reasons: first, Trump has yet started constructing the wall as his campaign promise in 2016 to build concrete walls. Second, the wall will not become an effective security tool. Third, the border wall is impossible to build because it passes through various topographies. Fourth, the wall rather becomes a problem instead of becoming solution. Trump has placed immigrants in a more vulnerable position. Nevertheless, both parties are conducting the politicization of the wall. The Republican Party maintain the idea of constructing wall for Trumps electability in the 2020 presidential election, while the Democratic Party is trying to balance the votes in immigrant-based states.