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Abstrak :
Desentralisasi perencanaan pembangunan dalam konteks/kerangka multilevel telah mendapat banyak perhatian dan diteliti tetapi penelitian yang memfokuskan pada keselarasan masih langka, terlebih lagi yang memasukkan perspektif/konsep agency relationship, inside bureaucracy dan representative bureaucracy secara simultan. Menggunakan paradigm post-positivism dan metode studi kasus, penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menganalisis derajat desentralisasi dan derajat kesalarasan perencanaan pembangunan pertanian multilevel di Lampung dan Jawa Tengah dan sekaligus merekonstruksi tatakelola perencanaan pembangunan pertanian multilevel terdesentralisasi. Hasil penelitan memperlihatkan derajat desentralisasi rendah, derajat keselarasan tinggi dan tatakelola perencanaan pembangunan pertanian multilevel terdesentralisasi dilakukan selama ini dengan pendekatan integrating role dan bersifat centraliazed-fragmented. Tatakelolaa perencanaan pembangunan perlu direkonstruksi dengan memperkuat kedudukan an peran gubernur sebagai wakil pemerintah pusat di daerah beserta kelembagaan sekretariatnya, termasuk wewenang mengkoordinaskan segala kebijakan dan program di wilayahnya dan terhadap instansi vertikal di wilayahnya dan wewenang dalam konteks penganggaran. anggaran pembangunan pertanian yang selama ini dipegang pusat kementerian pertanian . Penelitian ini telah memberikan kontribusi dalam analisis desentralisasi dari perspektif multilevel, mengembangkan agency theory melalui analisis bersifat multilevel bukan hanya hubungan bersifat langsung/level tunggal , memperkuat teori inside bureaucracy, dan mengembangkan teori representative bureaucracy dengan memperkenalkan analisis representative bureaucracy pada perspektif kelembagaan dalam arti bagaimana suatu lembaga yaitu Gubernur sebagai wakil pemerintah pusat di daerah beserta organ/institusinya.

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Despite an increased interest in multilevel decentralized development planning, it is surprising that research focused on the alignment is scarce, especially those included agency relationship, inside bureaucracy and representative bureaucracy simultaneously. This study aimed at analyzing decentralization and alignment degree of agriculture multilevel development planning in devolution in four regional governments Lampung Province, Lampung Tengah Regency, Jawa Tengah Province and Sukoharjo Regency and further more reconstructing the governance of agriculture decentralized multilevel development planning. Unlike the previous study, the decentralization measurements within the context of decentralized agriculture development planning focused on decentralization with the notion of devolution so that the study was able to reflect the level of authority possessed by local autonomy in the agriculture development planning. In analyzing development planning alignment, this study focused not only on measuring degree of alignment but also bureaucrat behavior. This study contributed to enrich the decentralization and decentralized development planning through the insertion of concept theories of inside bureaucracy, shirking, vertical externality in its analysis.

Abstrak :
In South Korea, policy tools and priorities are set at the national level and are controlled through both budget allocations and audits conducted on an annual basis. I look at the degree to which local officials adapt their budget allocations to address local rather than national concerns in securing better air quality, using three different theoretical models: principal-agent, representative bureaucracy, and democratic responsiveness. I raise questions about the degree of control a unitary state can exercise over local problems and how this is reflected in local policy choices, especially in areas where the national government?s zone of indifference is large, such as environmental policy. Panel data across 5 years (2007 to 2012) and from 9 geographically and socioeconomically diverse areas within South Korea indicates that local officials respond to local environmental conditions by allocating more resources when needed. I discuss the implications for autonomy in a local policy space.