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Abstrak :
democratic quality, captured by a plethora of concepts such as democratic backsliding, democratic decline, and democratic regression. This deterioration compels scholars to conclude that Indonesia, in its current state, is an illiberal democracy, effectively displacing earlier optimism that Indonesian democracy will eventually be consolidated. This article engages the emerging literature on democratic decline and the rise of illiberal democracy in Indonesia by identifying a key source of its illiberal features. It makes the case linking democracy with the involvement of the state in enforcing religion, as seen in the number of existing religious legislations. State enforcement of religion necessarily entails the curtailment of religious freedom, specifically freedom from religion, as the religiosity of Indonesian citizens is forced to shiftfrom voluntary to compulsory. A liberal democracy, by definition, should not curtail individual liberty in general nor religious freedom in particular. This article then takes a comparative persepctive on Indonesia by comparing the number of religious legislations in Indonesia with those of other democratic states, globally utilizing data from Religion and State (RAS) 3 and V-Dem dataset. The examination yields the observation that Indonesia has a far higher number of religious legislations than the average democracy globally. It indicates a significant level of involvement of the Indonesian state in enforcing religion. In that respect, Indonesia is unusually illiberal for a democracy. The article also emphasizes how religious legislations are mostly found in certain regions, and provides ethnographic evidence of how fasting as a religious norm is enforced during the month of Ramadan in South Kalimantan. This article concludes by reflecting on the uneven democratic quality at the subnational level. Decentralization and the uneven distribution of rights to subnational governments underlie the concentration of religious bylaws in only specific regions of the archipelago.

Abstrak :
Contents : (1) Mapping anxieties. (2) Buddhist fears. (3) Managing islam. (4) National reconciliation. (5) Communicating conflict. (6) Contested citizenship. (7) Autonomous futures. (8) Twin fires.

Abstrak :
Pemikiran Abdurrahman Wahid tentang hubungan agama dan negara pada dasarnya bertititik tolak pada kerangka membangun masyarakat bangsa melalui faham kebangsaan, artinya dalam berbangsa dan bernegara, ia harus dipahami dalam kerangka nasional. Begitu juga pengertian menyeluruh tentang syari'at islam, dalam pandangan Abdurrahman Wahid masalah i'tiqadi'ah dipahami sebagai wilayah politik untuk memperjuangkan ideologi negara, mu'amalah dipahami sebagai upaya memperjuangkan hak-hak warga negara melalui Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, dan akhlaqiah dipahami sebagai upaya berdakwah dengan moralitas. Oleh karena itu, negara yang menjadi keyakinan mayoritas penduduk Indonesia merupakan wilayah privat yang tidak boleh diinterversi atau disubordinasi oleh negara, begitu juga negara, sesuai dengan ketentuan yang diatur oleh UUD 1945, harus benar-benar dilaksanakan untuk memperjuangkan hak-hak berkeyakinan dalam kerangka pembangunan nasional. Adapun konsepsi tentang hubungan agama dan negara Rebublik Indonesia, dalam pemahaman Abdurrahman Wahid dirumuskan dalam tiga bahasan pokok, yaitu : Pertama, finalisasi Pancasila sebagai ideologi negara, karena perjuangan mengenai ideologi tersebut, pada dasarnya bukan didasarkan pada unsur keterpaksaan umat Islam, melainkan didasarkan pada kesadaran yang diwujudkan sebagai penghormatan untuk bersama membangun masyarakat bangsa. Kedua adalah mengenai hubungan simbiotik antara agama dan negara, yang dimaksudkan untuk menjaga hubungan secara proporsional, artinya warga negara tidak boleh mencari legitimasi keagamaannya kepada pemerintah, begitu juga sebaliknya pemerintah tidak boleh mencari legitimasi politiknya kepada agama tertentu, terlebih ia tidak boleh mempolitisasi agama sebagai kendaran politik. Ketiga adalah mengenai konsep pribumisasi Islam yang dimaksudkan untuk mempermudah implementasi hukum Islam menjadi negara tanpa tercerabut dari budaya lokal (bangsa). Sedangkan demokrasi yang dipraktikkan oleh negaranegara Barat adalah tergolong sekuler, yaitu ia dipahami sebagai semangat untuk memisahkan urusan agama dan negara. Implikasi negara yang berfaham sekuler adalah negara tidak satu sen pun mengeluarkan uang untuk kepentingan agama, yang berarti keberadaan seperti Departemen Agama, Peradilan Agama, urusan Haji, dan kurikulum agama dalam semua jenjang pendidikan harus dihapuskan.

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The thoughts of Abdurrahman Wahid about state and religion are basically based on the framework to built nation society through nationalism, in which nation and state. Islam has to be understood in national framework. The complete meaning of Islamic Shari'a, in the Wahid's opinion, has a various meaning. The meaning of theology is understood as political region or struggling for the state ideology, mu'amalah (transaction) can be understood as struggling effort for civic rights through UUD 45 and morality can be understood as teaching effort by morality. Therefore, Islam becoming Indonesian's belief as private matter may not be intervened and subordinated by state, as well as state, according to constitutional law (UUD 45), has to really conduct the struggle for civic right to national development. And the conceptions of Republic Indonesia and Islam relation, according to Abdurrahman's opinion, are formulated in three fundamental discussion, that concern to finalizing Pancasila as state ideology, because the struggle of ideology basically not relied on compulsory from Muslim, but based on a awareness realized as respect to develop nation state together. Matter is symbiotic relation the second between state and Islam to remain to take care of intercourse proportionally, so citizen may not look for its religious legitimacy to certain religion, particularly he may not make religion as political desire. The third matter is concept "pribumisasi Islam" intended to facilitate implementation of Islamic law as state law. While democracy foundation practiced by western countries is assumed secular, comprehended as spirit to develop political system. The implication of state, which has a secular method that they will not participate to the religion case, such as Department of Religious Affairs, Personal Islamic Court, and the religion curriculum in all education ladders have to be abolished.

Abstrak :
In this article, the writer states the presence and struggles of Protestant churches in Indonesia doing God’s mission within world’s largest Muslim population country. Firstly, the writer explains the challenges and strives of Protestant churches from the time of Dutch colonialism, Japanese colonization, until Indonesian independence which includes the Old Order and the New Order. This article also highlights Indonesian churches’ struggle of independence to release themselves from the control of Dutch government, fully leaning to Christ, as well as the strategic role of Christianity in preventing nation’s disintegration to make Indonesia one. After that, the writer then performs critical reflection on the struggles of Protestant churches in Indonesia from the perspective of Reformed theology. The writer found that the presence of Christian mission in Indonesia is far from the force of arms and economic greed. However, churches in Indonesia cannot detach themselves from various challenges and suffering in God’s mission which includes Evangelical Mandate and Cultural Mandate. Therefore, while they are still entrusted by Christ, churches in Indonesia ought to perform their dutiful calling faithfully and joyfully