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ABSTRACTAnaerobic technology has become widely accepted by the environmental industry as a cost-effective alternative to the conventional aerobic process. In addition, with the intrinsic advantages of energy saving, reduced sludge yield, and production of biofuel, anaerobic process will be the favored green treatment technology for sustainable environment in years to come.Written by 40 renowned experts from 13 countries/regions, this book consists of 18 chapters compiling state-of-the-art information on new developments in various aspects of anaerobic technology. These include development of new types of reactors, uses of molecular techniques for microbial studies and mathematical modeling, productions of bio-hydrogen by fermentation and microbial electrolysis cell, as well as broadening applications to the treatment of municipal wastewater, effluents from chemical industry and agricultural wastes with high lignocellulose content. "

"ABSTRAKVarious efforts have been made to prevent adolescents from the drug use, despite their knowledge and skill to refuse drugs have never been evaluated. This study was aimed to describe the adolescents knowledge and skill to refuse drugs and their relation to the characteristics. This was an analytic study conducted in 300 students at the seventh grade aged 12 to 15 years old in two cities in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. Variables studied were adolescents knowledge, skill to refuse drugs, and their characteristics. Data were collected using a selfreported questionnaire, then analyzed using Pearson correlation test and Spearman rho, with 95% level of significance. The findings showed that the average score of adolescents knowledge of drugs was 66.39+17.48 and the score of skills to refuse drugs was 55.62+16.49. There was a significant relation between knowledge and skills (p = 0.05). There was no significant relation between the young adolescents characteristics (age and sex) with their knowledge and skills to refuse the drug offered. This study concludes that the skill to refuse drugs tends to increase as the adolescents get older, and no significant relation between knowledge and skill to refuse drugs offered by sex and ages."

"ABSTRAKRuang interior dipahami sebagai ruang yang mewadahi kebutuhan manusia dalam beraktivitas. Dalam mewadahi kebutuhan tersebut, perancangan ruang interior, pada dasarnya mengatur relasi antar subjek dan objek, yang memengaruhi relasi antar subjek hierarki sosial . Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa subjek berperan aktif dalam menciptakan sistem dan struktur ruang, yang diwujudkan oleh mekanisme keterbentukannya personal space dan territory kebutuhan subjek akan privasi. Tulisan ini cenderung memfokuskan peran objek dalam mengendalikan interaksi antar subjek pada interior ruang kerja berbasis open plan/open plan office. Open plan office yang menerapkan struktur ruang terbuka, cenderung membatasi dan membagi ruang dengan memanfaatkan penempatan objek. Dengan begitu, peran objek menjadi penting untuk membentuk struktur ruang pada open plan office yang melibatkan kontrol interioritas oleh prinsip invite dan refuse. Analisis terhadap Kantor ATG sebagai sebuah workspace berbasis open plan, dirancang dengan memperhatikan susunan objek yang merespon kebutuhan manusia akan tingkat interaksi dan otonomi terhadap suatu space. Menelusuri susunan objek sebagai sistem yang membentuk struktur ruang, tulisan ini pada akhirnya menyatakan bahwa relasi antar subjek dan objek memiliki keterkaitan yang kuat dalam memengaruhi keterhubungan antar manusia dan perilakunya pada ruang interior.

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ABSTRACTInterior space is understood as a space that accommodates human needs. In accommodating those needs, the design of interior space, basically arranging the relationships between subjects and objects, which affect the relation between subjects social hierarchy . It shows that the subject plays an active role in creating the system and space structure, which is manifested by the mechanisms of the formation of personal space and territory the subject 39 s need for privacy. This thesis tends to focus the role of the object in controlling the interaction between subjects in the open plan office. Open plan office that implements open space structure, tends to limit and divide space by applying object placement. Therefore, the role of the object becomes important to build the space structure in the open plan office which involves interiority control by the principle of invite and refuse. Analysis of ATG as an open plan office, designed with attention to the arrangement of objects that respond to human needs for the level of interaction and autonomy of a space. Investigating the arrangement of objects as a system that makes up the structure of space, this thesis finally states that subjects and objects have a strong relation in affecting the interconnection between humans and their behavior in the interior space."

"ABSTRAKUntuk mewujudkan hidup yang sehat, sangat diperlukan kondisi lingkungan yang bersih. Lingkungan yang bersih bisa terwujud apabila limbah dikelola dengan baik.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui berbagai faktor,yang berperan dan mempengaruhi keberhasilan pengelolaan limbah serta faktor mana diantara berbagai faktor tersebut yang kurang atau tidak berfungsi dalam menunjang keberhasilan pengelolaan limbah di Kecamatan Setiabudi Jakarta Selatan.Persepsi masyarakat terhadap peraturan kebersihan, peranserta masyarakat, retribusi limbah, tenaga pengelola limbah, sarana dan prasarana serta penyuluhan mengenai kebersihan lingkungan akan mempengaruhi keberhasilan dalam pengelolaan limbah.Dari uraian tersebut, telah disusun 6 hipotesis yaitu:1. Semakin baik persepsi masyarakat terhadap peraturan kebersihan, semakin berhasil pengelolaan limbah.2. Semakin tinggi peranserta masyarakat, semakin berhasil pengelolaan limbah.3. Semakin besar iuran atau retribusi limbah, semakin berhasil pengelolaan limbah.4. Tenaga pengelola limbah yang memadai, akan meningkatkan keberhasilan pengelolaan limbah.5. Sarana dan prasarana yang memadai, akan meningkatkan keberhasilan pengelolaan limbah.6. Semakin sering dilakukan penyuluhan mengenai kebersihan lingkungan, semakin berhasil pengelolaan limbah.Untuk mengetahui berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan pengelolaan limbah, dilakukan penelitian dengan cara membandingkan ciri-ciri atau karakteristik dari dua wilayah yaitu Kelurahan Menteng Atas yang kondisi pengelolaan limbahnya sudah cukup baik dan Kelurahan Karet Kuningan yang kondisi pengelolaan limbahnya belum baik.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan limbah di kedua wilayah penelitian terdapat dua sistem kegiatan operasionil yaitu kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah (meliputi pengangkutan limbah dari lokasi penainpungan sementara ke lokasi pembuangan akhir), serta kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh swadaya masyarakat (meliputi pengumpulan dan pengangkutan limbah dari rumah-rumah penduduk ke lokasi penampungan sementara).Pengelolaan limbah tidak akan berjalan dengan baik tanpa didukung oleh swadaya masyarakat. Sebaliknya tanpa usaha pemerintah, pengelolaan limbah juga tidak akan berjalan karena usaha tersebut membutuhkan sarana, prasarana, tenaga dan dana yang besar.Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa :1. Semakin baik persepsi masyarakat terhadap peraturan kebersihan, peranserta masyarakat yang tinggi, tersedianya tenaga pengelola limbah maupun sarana dan prasarana yang memadai, serta retribusi limbah yang tinggi dapat meningkatkan keberhasilan pengelolaan limbah. Di samping itu, sering diadakannya penyuluhan mengenai kebersihan lingkungan juga dapat meningkatkan keberhasilan pengelolaan limbah.2. Keenam faktor tersebut mempunyai hubungan dengan pengelolaan limbah dengan derajad sedang sampai kuat.3. Di daerah yang kondisi pengelolaan limbahnya belum baik, ke enam faktor tersebut masih belum berfungsi dengan baik dalam menunjang keberhasilan pengelolaan limbah.

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ABSTRACT

In establishing a healthy life, a clean environment' is a necessity. A clean environment would be accomplished if the waste were managed properly. This study is implemented to identify various factors that function and affect the success of the waste management. On the other hand, this study is also intended to identify factors, which do not support or only has little contribution to the success of the waste management in Sub district Setiabudi of South Jakarta.

Community participation, the availability of waste management personnel and labors, logistic and infrastructures, community perception on environmental cleaning regulation, money contribution for waste collection and extension program on, environmental cleanness are factors influencing the success of the waste management.

Based on this explanation, six hypotheses have been established, namely:

1. The better the community perception on environmental cleaning regulation, the more successful the management of the waste.

2. The higher the community participation the more successful the management of the waste.

3. The bigger the amount of waste collection fee, the more successful the waste management.

4. The availability of the waste management personnel and labors in an appropriate number will contribute to the success of the waste management.

5. Reasonable amount of logistic and infrastructure will give support towards a successful waste management.

The more frequent the information and education on environmental cleanness is given to the community, the more successful the management of the waste.

In order to identify various factors that influence the success of the waste management, this study has compared the characteristics of two different areas namely the one that had acquire good waste management, and the area that has not had a good waste management.

The result of the study shows that there are two operational systems in those two studied areas: firstly, the system operated by the government, which covers the transportation of the waste from a dumping location to a final dumping location.

Secondly, the system that is carried but by the community themselves which covers the collection and transportation of the waste from houses to a temporary dumping location.

Without the community active participation, the waste management can not be carried out properly since the services provided by the government have not reached household level that produce those waste.

On the other hand, without the Government involvement the waste management in the housing area will not work properly since the effort needs logistic, infrastructures, manpower and a lot of funds.

Based on the result of the data analysis, it can be concluded as the followings:

1. The high community participation, the availability of personnel, logistic and infrastructures, a reasonable amount of waste collection fee, a good community perception against environmental cleaning regulation and the more frequent extension program on the matter, will increase the success of the waste management.

2. The six factors mentioned earlier have a relationship to the waste management level, from fair to strong.

3. In the area where the waste management has not been operating properly, the six factors are proved to be not functioning yet in supporting the success of the waste management."