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Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
A good justification for gallium nitride on silicon is a potential for optoelectronic integrated circuits, and its low cost has stimulated the growth of GaN on large size wafers. The application interest for GaN/Si is power electronics. This current work focuses on characterization optical, electro-optical, and microstructural and simulation design of GaN/Si channel waveguide. For the characterization of GaN microstructure, we use SEM, TEM, AFM, and XRD to observe layer thickness, material structure, material roughness, and crystalline quality of materials. Using the guided wave prism coupling technique, we have fully established the index dispersion and, thickness of GaN at room temperature, as well as its surface roughness based on AFM characterization. Futhermore, the thermal dependence of GaN at ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices are determined to be at 1.227 10-5/ K and 1.77 10-5/ K, respectively. The thermal dependence of GaN shows better value than GaAs at the wavelength range of 0.4 - 1.5 m. It has a slightly low-temperature dependence. Results demonstrate that excellent waveguide properties of GaN on silicon with an optical propagation loss of GaN/Si at 633 nm is 2.58 dB/cm, which is higher than the propagation loss of GaN/sapphire at around 1.34 dB/cm. The roughness of GaN/Sapphire and GaN/Si samples have been identified at the range 1.6 - 5.2 nm and 9.6 - 13 nm, respectively. The birefringence of GaN/Si is negative within the range of -0.16 x10-2 to -6.06x10-2. This negative value means that the polarization of the wave is parallel to the optical axis. Electrooptic constants r13 = 1.01 pm/V and r33 = 1.67 pm/V are higher than those obtained for III-V GaAs semiconductors. We compared the results on Si with those on sapphire. Based on a numerical simulation using OptiBPM, the design result has single mode output with 1 m thickness layer of SiO2 at the planar waveguide design, while the channel waveguide design has 1 m thickness layer of GaN. The simulated result that the maximum power output approximately 50- 58 at the plannar and rib waveguide design.

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ABSTRAK
A good justification for gallium nitride on silicon is a potential for optoelectronic integrated circuits, and its low cost has stimulated the growth of GaN on large size wafers. The application interest for GaN Si is power electronics. This current work focuses on characterization optical, electro optical, and microstructural and simulation design of GaN Si channel waveguide. For the characterization of GaN microstructure, we use SEM, TEM, AFM, and XRD to observe layer thickness, material structure, material roughness, and crystalline quality of materials. Using the guided wave prism coupling technique, we have fully established the index dispersion and, thickness of GaN at room temperature, as well as its surface roughness based on AFM characterization. Futhermore, the thermal dependence of GaN at ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices are determined to be at 1.227 10 5 K and 1.77 10 5 K, respectively. The thermal dependence of GaN shows better value than GaAs at the wavelength range of 0.4 1.5 m. It has a slightly low temperature dependence. Results demonstrate that excellent waveguide properties of GaN on silicon with an optical propagation loss of GaN Si at 633 nm is 2.58 dB cm, which is higher than the propagation loss of GaN sapphire at around 1.34 dB cm. The roughness of GaN Sapphire and GaN Si samples have been identified at the range 1.6 5.2 nm and 9.6 13 nm, respectively. The birefringence of GaN Si is negative within the range of 0.16 x10 2 to 6.06x10 2. This negative value means that the polarization of the wave is parallel to the optical axis. Electrooptic constants r13 1.01 pm V and r33 1.67 pm V are higher than those obtained for III V GaAs semiconductors. We compared the results on Si with those on sapphire. Based on a numerical simulation using OptiBPM, the design result has single mode output with 1 m thickness layer of SiO2 at the planar waveguide design, while the channel waveguide design has 1 m thickness layer of GaN. The simulated result that the maximum power output approximately 50 58 at the plannar and rib waveguide design.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
The combination of the coupled mode and normal mode theories has been used to formulaic the theoretical performance represented by the coupling length and crosstalk parameters of the X-cut APE-LN SDC fabricated using the benzoic acid as the proton source, where in this case the matrix effective refractive index (MERI) method is applied for solving the symmetric and antisymmetric propagation constants of the normal modes propagating in this device. The corresponding near field method has been used to experimentally determine its crosstalk.

The actual performance of this device is characterized by comparing the theoretically calculated with the experimentally determined crosstalk parameters. A software computer program has been developed in order to numerically characterize the entire characteristic and performance of the SDC under study.

For the SDC under study, the best crosstalk obtained at the operating wavelength lamda =1.3 micrometer is ~0.21 dB for the interaction length L = 6 mm and the gap separation g = 5 mm. Its coupling length is ~ 1.33 mm. The propagation constant of the corresponding individual single-mode X-cut APE-LN channel waveguide making up this SDC is beta = 10.37901 micrometer, and thereby its effective refractive index is N cπ= 2.14743330.

It has been shown that the fabricated SDC is very lossy. It has been deduced that its bad performance predominantly caused by the side diffusion effect, corresponding to the fabrication problem, where in this case the substrate sample has been not coated first with the buffer layer when the deposition of substrate sample with the aluminum mask was to be performed in the fabrication stages.

Moreover, in this case only the simple annealing has been performed. The successive annealing process in order to reduce the coupling loss has been not applied yet. Under the assumption that the fabrication tolerances are such that the practical devices with coupling loss below 0.25 dB are feasible, the fabricated SDC under study is a 3 dB coupler.

Abstrak :
Indeks bias (n) dan koefi sien absorpsi optis (α) lapisan tipis amorf silikon karbon terhidrogenasi (a-SiC:H) telah diteliti dari hasil pengukuran refl eksi dan transmisi. Lapisan tipis a-SiC:H dihasilkan dengan metode deposisi dc sputtering menggunakan target silikon dalam campuran gas argon dan metan. Indeks bias (n) berkurang dengan peningkatan fl ow rate gas metan. Koefi sien absorpsi optis (α) bergeser ke energi yang lebih tinggi dengan bertambahnya fl ow rate gas metan. Lapisan tipis cenderung makin tidak teratur dan memiliki gap optis yang lebih lebar pada fl ow rate gas metan tinggi. Relasi komposisi terhadap sifat?sifat optik lapisan tipis akan didiskusikan demikianpula terhadap ketidakteraturan jaringan amorf.

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Methane Flow Rate Effects On The Optical Properties of Amorphous Silicon Carbon (a-SiC:H) Films Deposited By DC Sputtering Methods. We have investigated the refractive index (n) and the optical absorption coeffi cient (α) from refl ection and transmission measurements on hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbon (a-SiC:H) fi lms. The a-SiC:H fi lms were prepared by dc sputtering method using silicon target in argon and methane gas mixtures. The refractive index (n) decreases as the methane fl ow rate increase. The optical absorption coeffi cient (α) shifts to higher energy with increasing methane fl ow rate. At higher methane fl ow rate, the fi lms tend to be more disorder and have wider optical gap. The relation of the optical properties and the disorder amorphous network with the compositional properties will be discussed.

Abstrak :
Dalam penelitian ini, kami telah menghitung sensitivitas LSPR Au nanorod oleh simulasi partikel logam umum, MNPBEM berdasarkan metode elemen batas dengan variasi diameter nanorod D adalah 20 nm, 60 nm dan 80 nm. rasio aspek 1,5 hingga 3,5. Dielektrik Au nanorod berdasarkan eksperimen Christine-Johnson. Untuk memahami kepekaan sensitivitas, kami juga memvariasikan media indeks bias dengan pendekatan Lorentz-Lorentz dari campuran konsentrasi air dan gliserol. Indeks media refraktif adalah n = 1,3334 100 air murni, n = 1,3605 80 air dan 20 gliserol, n = 1,3881 air 60 dan gliserol 40, n = 1,4164 40 air dan 60 gliserol, dan n = 1,4452 20 air dan 80 gliserol. Dari simulasi MNPBEM, kami telah menghasilkan spektrum LSPR seperti absorpsi, penyebaran, dan kepunahan sebagai fungsi dari panjang gelombang. Kemudian, sensitivitas LSPR Au nanorod ditentukan oleh gradien puncak panjang gelombang ke variasi medium indeks refraktif untuk semua aspek rasio. Menariknya, kami telah menemukan LSPR Au nanorod terdiri dari mode longitudinal dan transversal dalam kurva LS nanorod LSPR. Mode longitudinal memiliki panjang gelombang yang lebih tinggi daripada mode transversal dalam spektrum LSPR. Dalam mode longitudinal, puncak panjang gelombang meningkat ketika rasio aspek meningkat red-shift sementara dalam mode transversal, puncak panjang gelombang relatif konstan. Selanjutnya, sensitivitas dalam mode longitudinal meningkat ketika aspek rasio meningkat sedangkan sensitivitas dalam transversal menurun ketika aspek rasio meningkat. Meningkatkan sensitivitas dalam mode longitudinal terkait dengan red-shift ketika volume nanorod meningkat dan indeks bias medium berubah. Menurut hasil, penentuan sensitivitas berguna untuk memahami perubahan indeks bias media yang penting untuk merancang perangkat sensor. ...... In this study, we have calculated the sensitivity of LSPR Au nanorod by a public metallic particle simulation, MNPBEM based on boundary element method with varying diameter of nanorod D are 20 nm, 60nm, and 80 nm. The aspect ratio from 1.5 to 3.5. The dielectric of Au nanorod based on Christine Johnson experiment. To understand sensitivity sense, we have also varied the refractive index medium by Lorentz Lorentz approximation from mixture of water and glycerol concentration. The refractive medium index is n 1.3334 100 water pure, n 1.3605 80 water and 20 glycerol , n 1.3881 60 water and 40 glycerol, n 1.4164 40 water and 60 glycerol, and n 1.4452 20 water and 80 glycerol. From MNPBEM simulation, we have produced LSPR spectra such as absorption, scattering, and extinction curve as the function of wavelength. Then, the sensitivity of LSPR Au nanorod is determined by the gradient of the peak of wavelength to the refractive index medium variation for all aspect ratio. Interestingly, we have found the LSPR Au nanorod consisted of longitudinal and transversal mode in LSPR Au nanorod curve. The longitudinal mode appeared higher wavelength than the transversal mode in LSPR spectra. In longitudinal mode, the peak of wavelength increased as the aspect ratio increased red shift while in transversal mode, the peak of wavelength relatively was constant. Furthermore, the sensitivity in longitudinal mode increased as the aspect ratio increased whereas the sensitivity in transversal decreased as the aspect ratio increased. Increasing the sensitivity in longitudinal mode related to red shift as the nanorod volume increased and the refractive medium index change. According to the results, the sensitivity determination is useful to understand the refractive index medium changes that it is important to design a sensor device.

Abstrak :
Spektrum dari localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) yang dapat dikonfigurasi ulang serta teknologi sensor yang memiliki sensitivitas tinggi dengan kemampuan multikinerja sangat dipelukan untuk mendukung Society 5.0. Akan tetapi banyak aplikasi LSPR dengan spektrum yang sulit untuk dikonfigurasi/tuning serta sensor yang tidak sensitive dan mono fungsi. Pada disertasi ini diusulkan pengembangan spektrum LSPR yang dapat dikonfigurasi serta dilajutkan untuk mengembangkan sensor yang memiliki kemampuan multifungsi. Kontribusi penelitian yang dilakukan ini dapat dibedakan menjadi tiga buah cabang utama. Pertama, pengembangan reconfigurable LSPR spektrum dengan mendeposisi nano partikel emas (AuNPs) pada substrat piezoelektrik 36XY-LiTaO3. Kedua, hasil deposisi AuNPs pada bahan piezoelektrik digunakan untuk menghasilkan sensor multifungsi yang mengintegrasikan sensor shear-horizontal surface acoustic waves (SAW) dan sensor LSPR. Ketiga, mendeposisi AuNPs pada substrat kaca yang memiliki struktur multi-layer. Selain itu, pada substrat kaca juga dipabrikasi microwave ring resonator sehingga menghasilkan sensor microwave, sehingga dapat mengkombinasi sensor microwave dan sensor LSPR secara bersamaan. Adapun penjelasan lebih terperinci sebagai berikut ini. Kontribusi pertama dari disertasi ini difokuskan kepada pengembangan reconfigurable LSPR sepktrum. Dimana LSPR dihasilkan dari deposisi AuNPs pada substrat piezoelektrik 36XY-LiTaO3. Kemudian, kemampuan reconfigure nya didapatkan dari posisi dinamis dari array AuNPs yang ikut berosilasi akibat vibrasi dari shear horizontal surface acoustic waves (SH-SAWs). Vibrasi ini diperoleh setelah mencatu sumber listrik ke devais SH-SAW melalui interdigital transducers (IDTs). Hasil eksperiment mengkonfirmasi bahwa perbandingan kondisi OFF dan ON akan menghasilkan efek blue-shift dan perubahan nilai Q-factor dari spektrum LSPR. Selanjutnya, hasil gambar morfologi dari SEM digunakan untuk menganalisis dan mensimulasi menggunakan komputasi finite-difference time-domain (FDTD). Model nya kemudian diekspansi menjadi struktur dimer-AuNP, dan array AuNPs dengan menggunakan gap sebagai parameter. Hasil simulasi juga mengkonfirmasi efek dari blue-shift dari spektrum LSPR. Kontribusi kedua dari disertasi ini yaitu diusulkan pengembangan sensor multifungsi yang dapat mendeteksi permittivitas (εr), konduktivitas (s), dan refraktiv index (n) secara simultan. Sensor multifungsi yang diusulkan, dibangun dengan mengintegrasikan sensor SH-SAW dan sensor LSPR. Sensor SH-SAW dibangun dengan cara memfabrikasi IDTs pada substrat piezoelektrik 36XY-LiTaO3. Sementara itu, sensor LSPR dibangun dengan mendeposisi AuNPs pada permukaan propagasi dari SH-SAW. Menariknya, mendeposisi AuNP di permukaan propagasi SH-SAW tidak hanya menghasilkan sensor LSPR namun juga dapat meningkatkan sensitivitas sensor SH-SAW. Peningkatan sensitivitas ini terverifikasi menggunakan pengukuran domain frekuensi oleh a vector network analyzer (VNA) dan domain waktu dengan mengaplikasikan sinyal amplitude shift keying. Sementara itu, software CST digunakan untuk mensimulasikan plasmonic enhance near field-nya. Kemudian investigasi morphologi digunakan perangkat atomic force microscopy (AFM). Hybrid sensor yang diusulkan memiliki rentang deteksi εr = 25 – 85), s = 0.00528–0.02504 S/m, dan n = 45.5–201.9 nm/RIU. Efek cross-sectional dari sensor SH-SAW ke sensor LSPR dan sebaliknya juga diinvestigasi menggunakan sinyal sinusoidal OFF/ON dan cahaya OFF/ON. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa sensor SH-SAW tidak terpengaruh oleh cahaya. Akan tetapi, sensor LSPR sedikit dipengaruhi oleh sensor SH-SAW karena efek vibrasi yang berakibat pada efek blue-shift. Namun pengaruh ini tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja sensor multifungsi. Secara umum, sensor yang diusulkan memiliki sensitivitas tinggi dengan karakteristik independen. Kontribusi ketiga dari penelitian ini fokus kepada intergrasi microwave sensor (dan LSPR sensor. Microwave sensor dihasilkan dengan mempabrikasi elektroda/resonator yang berbentuk ring resonator pada substrat kaca dengan struktur yang multilayer. Sehingga, apabila sensor tersebut diberi beban cairan Ethanol (EtOH) dengan kadar berbeda maka akan menghasilkan pergeseran frekuensi resonansi dari microwave sensor. Sementara itu, sensor LSPR dihasilkan dengan mendeposisi AuNPs pada substrate kaca bagian tengah. Perubahan nilai refreactive index pada cairan sampel juga akan menghasilkan pergeseran puncak dari LSPR. Hal ini memperlihatkan sensor LSPR telah bekerja. Selain itu, untuk menganalisis struktur multilayer, pada penelitian ini juga dipergunakan metode conformal dan dibandingkan dengan hasil FDTD. Adapun hasil penelitian hibrid microwave sensor dan LPSR sensor dihasilkan pergeseran frekuensi sebesar 416 MHz dengan sensitivitas 5,2 MHz/ . Nilai sensitivitas berada pada rentang 5.36 MHz/Er – 14.37 MHz/Er. Nilai rentang normalisasi sensitivity berada pada rentang 0.312 – 1.246%. Hasil pengukuran dengan dan tanpa cahaya memperlihatkan hasil yang konstan, sehingga memperlihatkan independensi dari sensor. Sementara itu, hasil pengukuran sensor LSPR memperlihatkan terjadi pegeseran panjang gelombang sekitar 20 nm sampai 60 nm. Sementara itu nilai sensitivitas sensor refraktive index berada pada rentang 20.0 - 162.6 nm/RIU. Akhirnya, berdasarkan hasil dan sebagai temuan utama, deposisi AuNPs pada bahan dielektrik seperti bahan 36XY-LiTaO3 atau bahan kaca dapat meningkatkan fungsionalitas perangkat diluar fungsi dasar umum yang diketahui. Secara khusus, fungsionalitas perangkat dapat ditambahkan dengan fenomena plasmonik atau fungsi sensor indeks bias. ......A reconfigurable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectrum and integration of high-sensitivity sensors with multiple sensing performance for the environmental detection are required to support Societies 5.0 and strengthen sustainable development goals programs. However, many LSPR applications lack configurability performance and sensors with low sensitivity that stand alone. In this dissertation, a reconfigurable LSPR and multifunctional sensors are proposed. The main study can be separated into three branches. The first is a deposition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on 36XY-LiTaO3 piezoelectric substrate. It can generate a reconfigurable LSPR. Second, it can be applied for multifunctional sensor applications by combining the LSPR sensor and acoustic sensor. The third is to deposit AuNPs on a glass substrate with a multilayered microwave ring resonator to obtain multifunctional sensors between the LSPR sensor and microwave sensor (MS). The first contribution of this dissertation is focused on the investigation of LSPR with reconfigurable capability. The LSPR was produced by deposition of AuNPs on the 36XY-LiTaO3 piezoelectric substrate. Then, the reconfigurable capability was obtained by the dynamic array AuNPs position. Moreover, the dynamic array AuNPs was induced by shear horizontal surface acoustic waves (SH-SAWs) vibration after applying an electric signal through interdigital transducers (IDTs), the ON-condition. The experimental results confirmed that compared to OFF-condition, the ON-condition generates a blueshift effect. In general, the peak position (lP) has shifted to a lower wavelength with a quality factor adjustment. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the morphological structure of AuNPs are utilized to perform the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis. Then, the model was expanded to dimer AuNPs and arrays AuNPs with dynamic coupling gap and variation arrays structures. As a result, the FDTD simulation confirmed a blueshift effect spectrum characteristic. The second contribution is proposing a multifunctional sensor for the detection of permittivity (εr), conductivity (s), and the refractive index (n) simultaneously. The multifunctional sensor was developed based on the SH-SAW sensor and LSPR sensor. Moreover, the IDTs were fabricated on the 36XY-LiTaO3 substrate to develop the SH-SAW sensor. Then, the AuNPs were deposited on the propagation surface of the SH-SAW sensor to obtain the LSPR sensor. Interestingly, the deposited AuNPs on SH-SAW were not only generating an LSPR sensor but also enhanced the SH-SAW sensor sensitivity. The sensitivity enhancement was verified by frequency-domain measurement using a vector network analyzer and time-domain measurements by utilizing amplitude shift keying signal. A CST software was used for plasmonic enhance near field simulation. Then, atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging was utilized for morphology characterization. The proposed sensor has detection range of εr = 25 – 85), s = 0.00528–0.02504 S/m, and high sensitivity for n detection (45.5–201.9 nm/RIU). The cross-sectional effects between the SH-SAW sensor and LSPR sensor were also investigated using the sine signal OFF/ON and the light OFF/ON, respectively. The result shows that the SH-SAW sensor was not influenced by light. Moreover, the LSPR sensor was slightly influenced by the SH-SAW sensor due to the vibration effect, and it has a small blueshift effect. However, this effect is not significant to interference sensor performance. In general, the proposed multifunctional sensors have high sensitivity with independent characteristics. The third contribution is focused on the integration of MS and LSPR sensor. The MS was fabricated on a glass. The electrodes have a structure ring resonator with a multilayered configuration. The changes of liquid under test lead to frequency shifting. Then, the LSPR sensor was developed on the low-layered glass by deposition array AuNPs on the glass substrate. Therefore, the liquid under test will have direct interaction with AuNPs. LSPR sensor was examined using wavelength shifting characteristic. A comparison between FDTD and the conformal analytical method is also presented. The simulation result shows that by comparing air and water sample, it has shifted frequency of 395 MHz with the sensitivity of 4.95 MHz/εr. Measurement result show that it has shifted frequency of 416 MHz with the sensitivity of 5.2 MHz/εr. It is shown that the proposed sensor has followed the simulation result. Finally, the proposed sensors are suitable for a chemical environment, with the possibility of integration with a wireless network. Finally, based on the result and as the main finding, the deposition AuNPs on dielectric material such as 36XY-LiTaO3 substrate or glass substrate can improve the device's functionality beyond the known general basic function. In particular, the functionality of the device can add with plasmonic phenomena or a refractive index sensor function.

Abstrak :
Jeruk limau adalah salah satu sumber minyak atsiri yang dapat dijumpai secara mudah di Indonesia, tetapi belum banyak penelitian yang menguji manfaatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji potensi minyak atsiri kulit jeruk limau dalam menghambat aktivitas enzim tirosinase dan elastase, serta melakukan karakterisasi menggunakan pengukuran massa jenis, indeks refraksi, putaran optik, dan analisis GC-MS. Metode ekstraksi minyak atsiri dilakukan menggunakan distilasi air, kemudian pengujian antitirosinase dan antielastase dilakukan dengan mengukur absorbansi minyak atsiri dalam menghambat enzim menggunakan microplate reader. Asam kojat sebagai pembanding uji antitirosinase memiliki IC50 sebesar 4,26 μg/mL, sedangkan minyak atsiri kulit jeruk limau memiliki IC50 sebesar 235,89 μg/mL. Pada pengujian antielastase, pembanding kuersetin menunjukkan IC50 6,12 µg/mL terhadap enzim elastase, sedangkan minyak atsiri kulit jeruk limau memiliki IC50 sebesar 40,66 μg/mL. Nilai massa jenis minyak atsiri kulit jeruk limau sebesar 0,8317 g/mL, indeks refraksi sebesar 1,467, dan perputaran optik sebesar [α] 25 = +35,10 (c=1, neat, λ=589 nm) yang memberikan informasi awal mengenai kebenaran minyak atsiri yang diteliti. Hasil analisis GC-MS menunjukkan adanya senyawa aktif dalam minyak atsiri, yaitu β-pinena, d-limonena, sitronelal, sitronelol, dan α-pinena. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menunjukkan kebenaran minyak atisiri kulit jeruk limau dan potensinya sebagai ihibitor tirosinase dan elastase. ......One such source of essential oil is Citrus amblycarpa, commonly known as kaffir lime, which is readily available in Indonesia, but there have been limited studies exploring its potential applications. This research aims to investigate the inhibitory potential of kaffir lime peel essential oil against tyrosinase and elastase enzymes, while also characterizing its physical and chemical properties through density, refractive index, optical rotation, and GC-MS analysis. The essential oil was extracted using water distillation, and its anti- tyrosinase and anti-elastase activities were evaluated by measuring its absorbance using a microplate reader. The positive control, kojic acid, exhibited an IC50 value of 4.26 μg/mL in the anti-tyrosinase assay, while the kaffir lime peel essential oil sample showed an IC50 value of 235.89 μg/mL. In the anti-elastase assay, the positive control, quercetin, displayed an IC50 value of 6.12 µg/mL, while the kaffir lime peel essential oil sample demonstrated an IC50 value of 40.66 μg/mL. The measured density of kaffir lime peel essential oil was 0.8317 g/mL, with a refractive index of 1.467 and an optical rotation of [α]D25 = +35.10 (c = 1, neat, λ = 589 nm). GC-MS analysis identified several active compounds in the essential oil, including β-pinene, d-limonene, citronellal, citronellol, and α-pinene.

Abstrak :
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the photonic sensing field by covering plasmonics, photonic crystal, and SOI techniques from theory to real sensing applications. A literature review of ultra-sensitive photonic sensors, including their design and application in industry, makes this a self-contained and comprehensive resource for different types of sensors, with high value to the biosensor sector in particular. The book is organized into four parts: Part I covers the basic theory of wave propagation, basic principles of sensing, surface plasmon resonance, and silicon photonics; Part II details the computational modeling techniques for the analysis and prediction of photonic sensors; Part III and Part IV cover the various mechanisms and light matter interaction scenarios behind the design of photonic sensors including photonic crystal fiber sensors and SOI sensors. This book is appropriate for academics and researchers specializing in photonic sensors; graduate students in the early and intermediate stages working in the areas of photonics, sensors, biophysics, and biomedical engineering; and to biomedical, environmental, and chemical engineers.