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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini membahas mengenai proses policy trasnfer dalam perumusan kebijakan dan program REDD+ di Kalimantan Tengah pasca ditunjuknya Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah sebagai pilot province program pengurangan emisi dari deforestasi dan degradasi hutan (REDD+) di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa temuan penting salah satunya yaitu policy transfer program REDD+ di Kalimantan Tengah disimpulkan sebagai voluntary transfer/transfer sukarela yang didorong oleh peranan dan komitmen Kepala Daerah Provinsi yaitu Gubernur Kalimantan Tengah. Policy transfer yang terjadi termasuk dalam kategori incomplete transfer dikarenakan elemen-elemen krusial pembentuk kebijakan pada prosesnya tidak secara konsisten dan efektif diterapkan. Beberapa alternatif yang disarankan guna perbaikan ke depan yang salah satunya adalah perlunya diatur secara jelas ruang pelibatan dan partisipasi yang konsisten kepada seluruh pihak terkait terutama kepada masyarakat adat dalam setiap kebijakan.

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This research discusses about the process of policy transfer in the policy and program formulation for REDD+ in Central Kalimantan after Central Kalimantan being appointed as a pilot province to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD +) in Indonesia. By using qualitative methods, this research resulted some important findings which is the policy transfer of REDD+ program in Central Kalimantan concluded as a voluntary transfer which driven by the role and commitment of the Head of the Provincial namely Governor. Policy transfer that occur are included in the category of incomplete transfer due to crucial elements in the policy-forming process is not consistently and effectively applied. Some alternatives for future improvements are being advised, one of one of them is the neecessity to set a bigger space for all stakeholders consistenly, especially indigenous peoples to involve in and making participation in every step of public policy making.

Abstrak :
Inisiasi skema Reduced Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation plus dan Pembayaran Jasa Lingkungan REDD dan PJL untuk hutan desa adalah skema untuk memberikan insentif atas upaya pengelolaan hutan desa berkelanjutan oleh masyarakat. Fokus riset ini adalah meneliti dampak inisiasi skema gabungan REDD dan PJL untuk Hutan Desa terhadap deforestasi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat melalui pendekatan partisipatif. Riset bertujuan menganalisis dampak dana inisiasi Skema REDD dan PJL terhadap deforestasi yang diukur dari tutupan hutan dan dampak terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat menggunakan participatory wellbeing assessment. Riset ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan campuran metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa dari aspek lingkungan terjadi deforestasi bersih sebesar -198,33 ha di Zona Lindung yang menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan tutupan hutan. Dari aspek kesejahteraan, terjadi peningkatan kesejahteraan namun bukan oleh intervensi REDD dan PJL. Hasil riset menyimpulkan bahwa inisiasi Skema REDD dan PJL berdampak positif terhadap pengurangan deforestasi disebabkan karena penggunaan secara tepat oleh masyarakat untuk kegiatan pengamanan dan rehabilitasi hutan. Namun demikian Skema REDD dan PJL belum berhasil memberikan dampak terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat disebabkan karena terbatasnya nilai uang yang diterima oleh masyarakat untuk kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat dan arahan program yang belum mengarah ke pembangunan fisik sesuai kriteria kesejahteraan yang dibuat oleh masyarakat. ......The Initiation of Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation plus and Payment for Environmental Services REDD and PES scheme for the village forest hutan desa is a scheme to provide economic incentives for community to manage their forest sustainably. This research focuses on the impact of the REDD and PES to the deforestation and community wellbeing through participatory approach. This research aims to analyse the impact of the initiation of REDD and PES to deforestation through forest cover analysis and to analyse the impact to community wellbeing through participatory wellbeing assessment. This is a qualitative research approach with mix methods. The result shows that from environment aspect, the initiation of REDD and PES scheme resulted a 198.33 ha of net deforestation, which means a forest gain. From the wellbeing aspect, there is an increase in wellbeing but caused by parallel intervention to REDD and PES schemes but caused by parallel intervention to REDD and PES schemes. It concludes that the schemes has a positive impact on reducing deforestation due to proper alocation for forest security and rehabilitation, however the benefit is not sufficient enough yet to improve community wellbeing.

Abstrak :
Meningkatnya perhatian global terhadap isu perubahan iklim telah mendorong lahirnya beragam program pengurangan emisi karbon. Sebagai bagian dari negara Annex 1 Protokol Kyoto, Jerman telah berkembang menjadi salah satu donor utama bagi upaya perlindungan hutan global. Tulisan ini berupaya menganalisis motif yang melandasi keputusan alokasi bantuan perlindungan hutan berbasis REDD+ oleh Jerman kepada Brazil, Republik Demokratik Kongo, dan Indonesia sebagai bagian dari program negara tersebut dalam mengurangi emisi karbon global. Mengadaptasi tiga kerangka alokasi bantuan luar negeri: kebutuhan, kepatutan, dan kepentingan pribadi donor, peneliti berupaya mengidentifikasi sejumlah faktor yang berkaitan dengan keputusan alokasi bantuan Jerman kepada ketiga negara resipien. Temuan yang ada menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perpaduan antara motif pembangunan dan kepentingan pribadi dalam keputusan alokasi bantuan perlindungan hutan berbasis REDD+ Jerman. Kehadiran kedua motif tersebut berkaitan dengan karakteristik bantuan perlindungan hutan berbasis REDD+ Jerman yang cenderung diberikan dalam bentuk hibah, memberikan keleluasaan bagi negara resipien dalam menggunakan dana bantuan, memadukan bantuan keuangan dengan bantuan teknis, dan membuka kesempatan partisipasi masyarakat hutan dalam proses pembuatan keputusan terkait upaya perlindungan hutan. Bagi Jerman, kegiatan pemberian bantuan tersebut mampu berdampak positif bagi penguatan hubungan perdagangan teknologi lingkungannya dengan negara resipien, penguatan reputasi dan soft-power dalam isu iklim, mencapai enlightened self-interest, dan memenuhi tanggung jawab moral sebagai bagian dari negara Annex 1 Protokol Kyoto. ......The increasing global concern regarding climate change has influenced the development of various carbon emission reduction programs. As a part of Kyoto Protocol’s Annex 1 countries, Germany has grown as one of the top donors in the field of global forest protection. This thesis analyzes motives behind the allocation of German’s REDD+ based forest protection aid to Brazil, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Indonesia as a part of the country’s programs to cut carbon emission globally. Adapting the aid allocation framework: need, merit, and donor self-interest, the researcher identifies several factors related to German’s decision in allocating it’s aid to those three recipient countries. The findings indicate that there’s a mixture between developmental motive and donor-self interest behind German’s REDD+ based forest protection aid. The existance of those two motives related to the characteristics of German’s REDD+ based forest protection aid which tend to be given in the form of grant, giving wider autonomy in using the aid to its recipient countries, offering technical assistance as well as financial support, and opening opportunity for forest people to participate in the decision making process related to forest protection. Especially for German, its act of giving aid could give positive impacts for strengthening its environmental technology trade with its aid recipient countries, improving reputation and soft-power in the climate issue, achieving enlightened self-interest, and fulfilling moral responsibility as a part of Kyoto Protocol’s Annex 1 countries.

Abstrak :
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) has become important for Indonesia because this mechanism will provide financial benefits and it adheres to the Indonesian commitment to participate in climate change mitigation. However, a weak forest governance system and lack of transparency have undermined Indonesia’s goals to reduce deforestation and to manage and distribute the compensation appropriately. The idea of transformational change to reform Indonesian forest governance might be hindered by path dependency that has become entrenched within the Indonesian government. This paper, therefore, attempts to analyze path dependency of Indonesian forest governance and to examine the implication of path dependency in the development of REDD+ in Indonesia. Using the political economy lens, the diagnosis of path dependency is determined if there are positive feedbacks for the Ministry of Forestry, as the leading agency in the administration of Indonesian forests, to maintain the status quo. This paper shows that there are four positive or reinforcing feedbacks for the Ministry of Forestry: (1) vested interests for utilizing the forests as an income source, (2) network effects from managing the forest resources, (3) sunk costs invested to strengthen the institution, and (4) inclusiveness of the institution in managing the forests. This paper also highlights that path dependency within the Ministry of Forestry causes a complexity in the REDD+ debate in Indonesia, particularly regarding which institutional arrangement will best implement REDD+. On the other hand, this paper shows that various policies and activities related to REDD+ could break path dependency.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Pelaksanaan program Pengurangan Emisi dari Deforestasi dan Degradasi Hutan atau Reducing Emissions from Deforestasi and forest Degradation plus (REDD+) mensyaratkan adanya efektivitas, efisiensi dan kesetaran (equitable) sebagai perdekatan mitigasi perubahan iklim untuk menguji opsi-opsi usulan dan hasilhasil atau mengevaluasi hasil aktual. Riset ini bertujuan memahami dan menganalisis pengaruh kegiatan ujicoba REDD+ pada lingkungan dan sosialekonomi masyarakat sekitar hutan, serta mengkaji persepsi warga masyarakat setempat atas manfaatnya dari kegiatan ujicoba REDD+ dan penilaian masyarakat dalam melihat keterkaitan antara program tersebut dengan perubahan iklim. Populasi riset berada di tujuh desa di wilayah kerja kegiatan ujicoba REDD+ Kabupaten Kuala Kapuas, Kalimantan Tengah, dengan lokasi sampel berada di Desa Mantangai Hulu, Desa Katunjung dan Desa Petak Puti. Jumlah sampel 66 orang dengan unit analisis adalah keluarga. Hasil riset ini menunjukkan bahwa dari kegiatan ujicoba REDD+ di lokasi sampel telah memberi pengaruh terutama terhadap kondisi lingkungan (lahan hutan) dan tingkat pendapatan, serta pengaruh terbatas terhadap aspek pendidikan, kesehatan dan kondisi tempat tinggal. Berbagai pelatihan, kegiatan dan sosialisasi tentang REDD+ telah meningkatkan manfaat tambahan berupa kapasitas personal, tata kelola lahan, pemahaman dan persepsi masyarakat atas manfaat ujicoba REDD+, dan melihat hubungan kegiatan ujicoba REDD+ dengan perubahan iklim.

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ABSTRACT
Implementation of the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) program requires the effectiveness, efficiency and equity (equitable) as approach of mitigation on climate change to examine the options proposed and outcomes or evaluate the their actual results. This research aims to identify and analyze the impact of REDD + pilot activities on the environment and socio-economics of forest communities, as well as assessing the perception of local residents on their benefits of REDD + pilot activities and communities? perception on its program relationship with climate change. Research population is seven villages on the region of REDD + pilot activities Regency Kuala Kapuas, Central Kalimantan, with the sample villages are Mantangai Hulu Village, Katunjung and Petak Puti. Numbers of samples were 66 respondents with the unit of analysis is the household. The research results show that the demonstration activities of REDD+ have been delivered influence mainly on environment (forest vegetation) and their income, limited influence on education aspect, health and living conditions. The trainings availability, activities and socialization by REDD+ project proponent have been obtained co-benefits for local communities on their capacity building, forest and land use governance, their knowledge and understanding on REDD+ benefits and their perception on REDD+ and climate change relationship concept

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
REDD adalah mekanisme pengurangan emisi GRK oleh negara berkembang. Negara pelaksana kemudian akan mendapatkan insentif untuk setiap pengurangan emisi GRK yang dicapai. Untuk mencegah dampak negatif dari pelaksanaan REDD terhadap masyarakat lokal dan lingkungan, maka UNFCCC mendorong negara pelaksana Indonesia untuk menerjemahkan dan mengembangkan sistem informasi safeguard dan melaksanakan safeguard dalam pelaksanaan REDD. Penelitian ini memaparkan bagaimana perkembangan REDD di Indonesia dan penerjemahan safeguard dan sistem informasi safeguards di Indonesia, serta hubungan safeguard dan sistem informasi safeguard dengan mekanisme pendanaan result-based payment. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang didapatkan melalui metode kepustakaan dan wawancara dengan pihak KLHK dan ahli hukum. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, laporan pelaksanaan safeguard akan dinilai dengan APPS dan dilaporkan ke SIS-REDD. Laporan tersebut kemudian disampaikan ke Sekretariat UNFCCC untuk mendapatkan dana result-based payment. Perkembangan lainnya adalah adanya Permen No. 70 Tahun 2017 yang mengakibatkan mekanisme jual beli karbon tidak diperbolehkan lagi dan berfokus menjadi mekanisme RBP untuk memenuhi INDC Indonesia. Penelitian ini menyarankan Pemerintah Indonesia untuk mengembangkan kembali safeguard nasional, menambah aturan terkait safeguard dan membantu melakukan mediasi para pihak yang telah memiliki perjanjian jual-beli karbon.

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ABSTRACT
REDD is a mechanism for reducing GHG emissions in developing countries. The Parties that implement REDD will get incentives for GHG emissions reductions. To prevent negative impacts of REDD implementation on local communities and environment, the UNFCCC encourages Parties Indonesia to address and develop safeguard information systems and to promote and support safeguard in REDD implementation. This research describes the development of REDD in Indonesia and the implementation of safeguards and safeguards information system in Indonesia, as well as the relation between safeguard and safeguards information system with result based payment mechanism. The method this research used is normative juridical using secondary data obtained through library research and interviews from MoEF and legal experts. The conclusions from this research shows that safeguards implementation reports will be self assessed by project proponent using APPS and must be reported to SIS REDD. The report then submitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat to obtain and receive the result based payment. Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia No. 70 2017 regulate carbon market is not allowed anymore, thus only RBP mechanism is used to fulfill Indonesia INDC. This research suggests the Government of Indonesia to redevelop ldquo national rdquo safeguards, regulate safeguard related regulation and help mediate parties who already have carbon trading agreements.