Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Sifilis disebabkan oleh Treponemapallidum, yang merupakan penyakit kronis dan bersifat sistemik. Selama, dapat menyerang seluruh organ tubuh. Terdapat masa laten tanpa manifestasi lesi di tubuh. Penularan dapat melalui kontak seksual, melalui transfusi darah, dan dari ibu ke anak (sifilis kongenital).Saat ini diagnosis ditegakkan dengan uji serologi untuk mendeteksi antibodi IgM anti Treponemal yang diproduksi dalam dua minggu setelah infeksi diikuti terbentuknya antibodi IgG dua minggu atau empat minggu setelah infeksi. Pemeriksaan uji saring serologi terhadap Treponema pallidum untuk darah donor di Unit Transfusi Darah, menggunakan uji saring serologiyang spesifik terhadap Treponema. Pemeriksaan dengan metoda ELISA dapat mendeteksi antibodi IgG maupun IgM yang spesifik terhadap Treponema. Hasil uji ELISA dapat menyebabkan ditolaknya darah donor yang mengandung antibodi. Padahal sebenarnya sudah tidak infeksius lagi, karena sudah tidak mengandung bakteri penyebab. Pada kasus sifilis primerhasil serologi negatif palsumungkin terjadi karena adanya masa jendela. Di sisi lain hasil serologi positif palsudapat terjadi karena antibodi yang terbentuk dari infeksi masa lalu. Pemeriksaan PCR mempunyai nilai potensi yang besar untuk diagnosis sifilis primer. Keuntungan dari PCR real-time adalah kemampuannya mendeteksi patogen secara langsung. PCR real-time mendeteksigen polATreponema pallidum, yang merupakan gen spesifikTreponemapallidum, dantidakadareaksisilangdengannon Treponema. Metodologi.Pada penelitian ini dilakukan deteksi DNA Treponema pallidum pada 350 sampel darah donor dengan hasil uji serologi antibodi terhadap Treponema pallidum reaktif dan non reaktif, masing masing 175 sampel, menggunakan metoda ELISA. Hasil. Deteksi DNA Treponema pallidum menggunakan metoda PCR real-time didapatkan hasil, yaitu 41/350 sampel atau 11,71% adalah positif mengandung DNA Treponema pallidum dan 309/350 sampel atau 88,29% tidak mengandung DNA Treponema pallidum. Pada sampel darah yang mengandung antibodi terhadap Treponema pallidum yang non reaktif, ada yang terdeteksi positif mengandung DNA Treponema pallidum sebesar 21 sampel Hal ini berarti masih ada resiko penularan penyakit sifilis kepada resipien sebesar 5,71% (21/175) Simpulan. Deteksi DNA Treponema pallidum pada darah donor berdasarkan pemeriksaan PCR real-time adalah sebesar 11,71%, dan masih ada resiko penularan penyakit sifilis kepda resipien sebesar 5,71%

---

ABSTRACT
Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum, which is a chronic and systemic diseases . During the course of the disease, can affect all organs of the body. There is a latency period without manifestations of lesions in the body. Transmission can be through sexual contact, through blood transfusion, and from mother to child ( congenital syphilis ). This time the diagnosis is made by serological test for the detection of anti- treponema IgM antibodies produced in two weeks after infection followed by the formation of IgG antibodies two weeks or four weeks after infection. Examination of serological screening of blood donors to Treponema pallidum in Blood Transfusion Services, using specific serological screening test for Treponema with ELISA method can detect IgG and IgM antibodies specific to Treponema. ELISA test results can lead to rejection of donor blood that contains antibodies. When in fact it is not infectious anymore, because it does not contain bacteria. In case of primary syphilis serology false negative results may occur because of the window period. On the other hand the false positive serological results may occur because the antibodies from past infections. PCR has great potential value for the diagnosis of primary syphilis. The advantage of real -time PCR is the ability to detect pathogens directly. Real-time PCR to detect gene PolATreponema pallidum, which is a specific gene of Treponema pallidum, and no cross-reactions with non Treponema. Methodology. In this research, the examination of 350 samples of blood donors with serologic test results for antibodies to Treponema pallidum reactive and non- reactive using ELISA method, will be investigated using real -time PCR method. Results. Detection of Treponema pallidum DNA using real-time PCR method obtained results, 41/350 or 11.71% of samples were positive for DNATreponema pallidum DNA and 309/350 or 88.29% of samples did not contain Treponema pallidum DNA. In blood samples containing antibodies against Treponema pallidum is non reactive, there were detected positive for Treponema pallidum DNA samples of 21. This means that there is still a risk of transmission of syphilis to the recipient amounting to 5.71% Conclusion . Detection DNA Treponema pallidum in blood donors by real -time PCR assay is 11.71 % and still a risk of transmission os syphilis to the recipient about 5,71%.

Abstrak :
The aim of this handbook is to summarize the recent rapidly developed real-time computing technologies, from theories to applications. This handbook will benefit the readers as a full and quick technical reference with a high-level historic review of technology, detailed technical descriptions and the latest practical applications. In general, the handbook with be divided into three main parts (subjected to be modified): theory, design, and application covering different but not limited to the following topics: - Real-time operating systems - Real-time scheduling - Timing analysis - Programming languages and run-time systems - Middleware systems - Design and analysis tools - Real-time aspects of wireless sensor networks - Energy aware real-time methods

Abstrak :
This handbook provides a comprehensive and systematic introduction to the Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) from the aspects of fundamental concepts, major challenges, and effective solutions. The focuses are on: infrastructure and design methodology, communication protocol, embedded systems, real-time CPS, time synchronization in CPS, CPS collaborative computing, reputational computing in CPSs. A comprehensive vision on the applications are also presented in the fields of smart Grid, software infrastructure for smart building monitoring, healthcare monitoring, safety & security in industrial process, structure monitoring, etc. This handbook is intended for a wide range of audience, including academic researchers, graduate students, practitioners in industry, and research engineers. It can be an excellent reference work for the academic researchers, industry practitioners, and research engineers working in the field of CPS to learn the state-of-the-art technologies.

Abstrak :
Kadar kualitas udara yang ada pada suatu daerah menjadikan tolak ukur keamanan dan kebersihan daerah tersebut. Begitu juga dengan area tertutup seperti parkiran bawah tanah (basement). Persentase kadar gas yang terperangkap di parkiran basement jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan tempat tertutup lainnya. Hal ini dikarenakan pada area tersebut terdapat aktivitas keluar masuk kendaraan sehingga potensi terperangkapnya gas karbon monoksida (CO) yang berasal dari kendaraan sangat tinggi. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut diperlukan untuk dibuat sistem monitoring kadar gas CO di area parkir. Pada penelitian ini, dibuat rancang bangun alat deteksi kadar gas CO berbasis Internet of Things (IoT). Sensor gas yang dipakai adalah MQ-7 yang digabungkan dengan mikrokontroler Arduino Uno. Untuk jalur pengiriman data secara real-time digunakan WiFi modul ESP8266. Data yang telah diambil oleh sensor akan disimpan dalam ThingSpeak cloud melalui ESP8266. Berdasarkan hasil monitoring didapatkan nilaikadar gas CO parkiran basement mall di Jakarta Utara memiliki nilai rata-rata yang tertinggi, yaitu dengan nilai rata-rata 16,22 ppm dan mall di Jakarta Timur memiliki nilai rata-rata terendah di antara wilayah-wilayah lain di Jakarta, yaitu 15,03 ppm. ......Air quality levels that exist in an area make a measure of the safety and cleanliness of the area, likewise with closed areas such as basement parking. The percentage of gas trapped in the basement parking lot is much higher than in other enclosed places. It is because, in that area, there is an activity in and out of the vehicle so that the potential for trapping carbon monoxide (CO) gas coming from the vehicle is very high. Under these conditions, it is necessary to set up a CO gas content monitoring system in the parking area. In this research, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based CO gas detection tool was designed. The gas sensor used is the MQ-7, that combined with the Arduino Uno microcontroller. The WiFi module ESP8266 used for the data transmission path in realtime. The researcher used ThingSpeak cloud via ESP8266 to store the data that has been taken by the sensor. Based on the monitoring results, the CO gas basement mall basement level in North Jakarta has the highest average value, with an average value of 16.22 ppm and the mall in East Jakarta has the lowest average cost among other regions in Jakarta, which is 15.03 ppm

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang : Enterococcus faecalis merupakan bakteri yang mampu membentuk biofilm dan banyak ditemukan pada kasus kegagalan perawatan saluran akar. Tujuan : Melihat daya antibakteri kitosan dan klorheksidin terhadap E. faecalis dalam biofilm. Metode : Deteksi dan kuantifikasi E. faecalis dalam biofilm yang hidup pasca pemaparan bahan uji, dengan real time PCR. Hasil : Terdapat perbedaan jumlah bakteri yang signifikan antara kedua kelompok bahan uji terhadap kontrol (p ≤ 0,05), tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kitosan dan klorheksidin. Kesimpulan : Daya antibakteri kitosan 2% terhadap biofilm E. faecalis sebanding dengan klorheksidin 2%. ......Background : Enterococcus faecalis has an ability to form biofilms and become a predominant bacteria that plays a major role in the etiology of persistent lesions after root canal treatment. Aim : To analyze the efficacy of chitosan and chlorhexidine against E. faecalis in biofilms. Methods : Detection and quantification of E. faecalis DNA that survive and live after immersing the biofilm in antibacterial solution, with real time PCR. Result : Statistically there is significant difference of living E. faecalis between chitosan and control and between 2% chlorhexidine and control (p ≤0,05). But there is no significant different between chitosan and chlorhexidine (p>0,05). Conclusion : Antibacterial effectivity of chitosan is equal to chlorhexidine against E. faecalis in biofilm.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Pneumocystis jirovecii adalah penyebab infeksi oportunistik di saluran pernapasan bawah pada individu dengan sistem kekebalan tubuh yang lemah, terutama pada pasien HIV. Pemeriksaan infeksi P.jirovecii di Indonesia masih berdasarkan pemeriksaan klinis dan mikroskopis, yang memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama, kurang sensitif dan spesifik. Karena alasan tersebut dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan uji molekuler real time PCR (rPCR) yang lebih sensitif dan spesifik. Uji rPCR telah berhasil dioptimasi dengan kemampuan deteksi minimum DNA 6,55 copy/μl dan tidak bereaksi silang dengan mikroorganisme yang diuji pada penelitian ini. Dibandingkan dengan uji mikroskopis, uji rPCR memberikan hasil positif 20% lebih tinggi daripada uji mikroskopis. Uji rPCR dapat mendeteksi P.jirovecii pada sampel klinis sputum dan sputum induksi dari pasien HIV dengan pneumonia dengan jumlah sel CD4+ > 200 maupun ≤ 200. Oleh karena itu, uji rPCR yang telah dioptimasi dalam studi ini dapat mendeteksi P.jirovecii pada sampel klinis sputum dan sputum induksi dari pasien HIV dengan pneumonia dengan jumlah sel CD4+ > 200 maupun ≤ 200

---

ABSTRACT
Pneumocystis jirovecii is the cause of opportunistic infections in the lower respiratory tract in individuals with weakened immune systems, especially in patients with HIV. Examination P.jirovecii infection in Indonesia was based on clinical and microscopic examination, requiring considerable time, less sensitive and specific. Because of these reasons in this study developed a molecular test real time PCR (rPCR) is more sensitive and specific. rPCR test has been successfully optimized with minimum DNA detection capabilities 6.55 copy/μL and do not cross-react with the microorganisms were tested in this study. Compared with microscopic test, test rPCR gives positive result 20% higher than the microscopic test. rPCR test can detect P.jirovecii on clinical samples of sputum and sputum induction of HIV patients with pneumonia with CD4+ cell counts > 200 or ≤ 200. Therefore, rPCR test which has been optimized in this study can detect P.jirovecii in clinical sputum samples and sputum induction of HIV patients with pneumonia with CD4+ cell counts > 200 or ≤ 200

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Helicobacter pylori diperkirakan menginfeksi lebih dari setengah populasi orang dewasa. Deteksi dini H.pylori sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah berkembangnya infeksi menjadi keganasan lambung. Bentuk coccoid dari H. pylori sulit dideteksi dengan kultur dan histopatologi, namun dapat terdeteksi dengan metode molekuler seperti real-time PCR. Salah satu gen yang dapat digunakan sebagai gen target real-time PCR yaitu 16S rRNA, yang diketahui spesifik dan juga digunakan untuk menganalisis kekerabatan antar strain. Analisis ini bermanfaat untuk melihat penyebaran infeksi H.pylori di dunia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu, metode consecutive sampling. Biopsi diambil dari 2 antrum dan 2 korpus pada 42 penderita dispepsia untuk pemeriksaan real-time PCR dan histopatologi. Optimasi kondisi real-time PCR meliputi uji volume cetakan DNA, sensitifitas dan spesifisitas teknik, kemudian dilanjutkan aplikasi pada sampel klinis dari biopsi lambung. Delapan dari 11 sampel yang positif dilakukan sekuensing dan analisis filogenetik. Hasil optimasi diperoleh suhu annealing 64?C, konsentrasi primer 0,8 ?M dan konsentrasi probe 0,6 ?M. Ambang batas deteksi real-time PCR untuk mendeteksi jumlah DNA minimal H.pylori yaitu 46 bakteri. Spesifisitas uji reaksi silang real-time PCR ini tidak menunjukkan adanya reaksi silang dengan mikroorganisme lain. Proporsi positif hasil pemeriksaan real-time PCR sebesar 26,2 , sedangkan histopatologi sebesar 11,9 . Pemeriksaan real-time PCR mampu meningkatkan diagnosis sebesar 14,3 dibandingkan pemeriksaan histopatologi. Hasil sekuensing dan analisis filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa strain H.pylori dari sampel memiliki kekerabatan dengan strain Taiwan, India, dan Australia. Kata kunci : H.pylori, histopatologi, real-time PCR, analisis filogenetik

---

ABSTRACT
Helicobacter pylori infection is estimated infect almost half of the adult population in the world. Early detection of H.pylori is needed to prevent the development of infections into gastric malignancies. The coccoid form of H. pylori is difficult to detect using culture and histopathology but it can be detected by molecular methods such as real time PCR. One of the genes that can be used as a real time PCR target gene is 16S rRNA, which is known to be specific and also used to analyze closely related strain. This analysis were useful to showed the spread of H.pylori infection in the world.This study is an experimental laboratory. The sampling method used is the consecutive sampling method. Biopsy was taken from 2 antrum and 2 corpus in 42 patients with dyspepsia for real time PCR and histopathology examination. Optimization real time PCR conditions include DNA template volume testing, sensitivity and specificity of the technique, followed by application of clinical samples from gastric biopsy. Eight of the 11 positive samples were sequenced and analyzed for phylogenetics pattern. The optimization result obtained annealing temperature 64 C, primer concentration was 0,8 M and probe concentration was 0,6 M. Limit detection of the DNA was 46 bacteria. The specificity of the PCR 39 s real time indicate that there was no cross reaction with other microorganisms. The positive proportion of PCR real time examination was 26.2 , while histopathology was 11.9 . A real time PCR examination was able to improve the diagnosis by 14,3 compared to histopathology examination. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis results showed that our strain were closely related to Taiwan, India and Australia strains. Keywords H.pylori, histopathology, real time PCR, phylogenetic analysis

Abstrak :
Uveitis jarang terjadi dengan insidens sekitar 52/100.000 penduduk/tahun namun dapat mengakibatkan kebutaan. Diagnosis uveitis di Indonesia selama ini berdasarkan gambaran klinis dan belum dibuktikan dengan pemeriksaan deteksi mikroba sehingga belum diketahui prevalensi patogen uveitis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan peran uji real time PCR sebagai pendukung diagnosis etiologi sehingga dapat diketahui proporsi Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Herpes simplex, Varicella zoster, Epstein barr, Cytomegalovirus sebagai penyebab uveitis dan analisis kesesuaian diagnosis klinis dengan hasil pemeriksaan real time PCR. Pengambilan sampel cairan akuos dilakukan di Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Mata FKUI-RSCM, sedangkan untuk uji real time PCR dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik FKUI-RSCM selama rentang waktu Oktober 2016 sampai Mei 2017. Terdapat total 81 pasien dengan diagnosis klinis uveitis infeksi 32, 22 uveitis non-infeksi, dan 27 idiopatik. Berdasarkan uji real time PCR diperoleh hasil bahwa patogen terbanyak yaitu CMV diikuti oleh Toxoplasma Gondii dan Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mikroba terdeteksi pada 14 spesimen diantara 32 uveitis infeksi, 1 spesimen diantara 22 uveitis non-infeksi, dan 2 diantara 27 uveitis idopatik. Dari 17 hasil positif real time PCR 13 sampel menunjukkan hasil PCR yang sesuai dengan klinis sedangkan 4 sampel tidak sesuai. Deteksi mikroba menggunakan pemeriksaan PCR pada cairan akuos dapat membantu dalam penegakan diagnosis dan tatalaksana uveitis dengan tepat.

---

Uveitis is a rare disease with an incidence of 52 100,000 population year but can cause blindness. The diagnosis of uveitis in Indonesia has been upheld primarily based on clinical features and has not been proven by microbial detection, so it is never known precisely the prevalence of uveitis pathogens. This study aims to increase the role of microbiological examination of real time PCR as supporting the etiology diagnosis so that it can be known the proportion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Herpes simplex, Varicella zoster, Epstein barr, Cytomegalovirus as cause of uveitis and assess a clinical diagnosis accordance with real time PCR results. Aqueous tap was conducted at the Department of Opthalmology FMUI RSCM, while for real time PCR was conducted at Clinical Microbiology Laboratory FMUI RSCM during October 2016 until May 2017. There were a total of 81 patients with clinical diagnosis consisting of 32 infectious uveitis, 22 non infectious uveitis, and 27 idiopathic uveitis. Based on real time PCR results obtained that the most common pathogens are CMV followed by Toxoplasma Gondii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbes were detected in 14 specimens among 32 infectious uveitis, 1 sample among 22 non infectious uveitis, and 2 of 27 idiopathic uveitis. Out of 17 positive results of real time PCR 13 samples showed a clinically accordance with the real time PCR result whereas 4 samples did not. Microbial detection using PCR of aqueous humor is helpful in diagnosing and management of uveitis.

Abstrak :
Leptospirosis adalah penyakit infeksi akut yang dapat menyerang rnanusia maupun hewan yang disebabkan bakteri Leprospfra spp dan digolongkan sebagai zoonosis. Gejala klinis leptospirosis yang tidak spesiiik dan sulitnya uji laboratorium untuk konfirmasi diagnosis mengakibatkan penyakit ini seringkali tidak terdiagnosis. Oleh karena itu dalam ponelirian ini dilakukan optimasi uji diagnostik molekuler menggimakan real-time PCR sebagai deteksi cepat, sensitif dan spesiflk untuk Leptospira patogen pada manusia DNA bakten di dalam spesimen darah diekstraksi menggunak:an QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit, Qiagen dan spesimen urin diekstraksi menggunakan QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit,Qiagen dengan prosodur sesuai dengan petunjuk manualnya. Primer dan probe yang digunakan berdasarkan publikasi penelitian oleh Smythe dkk, 2002. Dari hasil uji optimasi kondisi optimal real-time PCR didapat suhu annealing 60°c, konsentrasi primer 0,9 uM dan konsentrmi probe 0,2 uM. Spesifisitas primer diuji menggunakan DNA balcteri patogen lain Hasii uji sensitiiitas real-time PCR untuk mendeteksi konsentrasi DNA terendah bakteri Leprospim spp adalah 0,75 fypl, hasil uji spesitisitas real-time PCR menunjukkan bahwa primer yang digunakan untuk deteksi balderi Leprospira spp tidak beraksi silang dengan genom bakteri-bakteri uji, konsentrasi minimal DNA bakteri yang masih terdeteksi dalam darah mencapai 150 fg/pl, sedangkan dalam urin mencapai 1470 fg/pl yang masih dapat dideteksi dengan pemeriksaan real-time PCR. Metode real-time PCR ini dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pemeriksaan mikrobiologi yang cepat dan tepat untuk mendiagnosis leptospirosis. ......Leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease in human and animals caused by Leptospira spp. and considered endemic in Indonesia due to its tropical climate. The International Leptospirosis Society (2001) declared Indonesia has high incidence of leptospirosis and ranked the third in the world for mortality (16.7%) The clinical features are not specific and may result in a missed or delayed diagnosis. The microbiology diagnostic method e.g. culture and microscopic agglutination test (MAT) are sensitive and specific but time-consuming and high cost. The other method to detect the antibody result false positive reactions and need confirmation by the MAT. Therefore in this study we optimized the real-time PCR assay, which has been used to detect a large number of microbes. It has high sensitivity and specificity, thus making it ideal as a rapid and accurate method to detect pathogen Leptospira spp. in human specimens. The amplification of the DNA control was performed optimally with the following conditions: annealing temperature is 60°C, primer volume is 0.5p1 (final concentration: 0.9 phd); probe volume is 0.2 ul (final concentration 0.2 pM). This method may detect the DNA in the Mastermix Mix with the concentration of 0.75 fg/ul, however in blood specimen the limit of detection of the DNA 150 fg/pl and in urine is 1470 fg/pl. The primer used in this assay is not complementary with the DNA of other pathogenic Leptospira spp. The real-time PCR assay is a rapid and accurate method to detect pathogenic Leptospira in human specimens. Further studies are needed to know the sensitivity and specificity of the real-time PCR assay compared to other diagnostic methods in clinical settings.