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"Akar kucing (Acalypha indica Linn) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki banyak kegunaan antara lain sebagai obat yang dapat menurunkan kadar asam urat dalam darah. Pemanfaatan secara luas dari tanaman ini harus didukung oleh data-data yang dapat membuktikan keamanannya secara ilmiah. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian rebusan akar tanaman akar kucing terhadap fungsi ginjal tikus. Penelitian ini menggunakan 40 ekor tikus yang dipilih secara acak menjadi 4 kelompok. Kelompok I sebagai kontrol normal yang diberi air 2 ml/200 g bb. Kelompok II, III dan IV diberi perlakuan rebusan akar A. indica masingmasing dengan dosis 13,5 g/kg bb, 27 g/kg bb, dan 54 g/kg bb. Frekuensi pemberian sekali sehari selama 90 hari. Pada hari ke-91 tikus diambil darahnya untuk dilakukan pengukuran kadar urea dan kreatinin plasma secara kolorimetri dan dibedah untuk pemeriksaan histologis ginjal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada gejala toksik pada tikus yang diberi rebusan Acalypha indica Linn ditinjau dari kadar urea dan kreatinin plasma serta gambaran histologis ginjal.

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Akar kucing (Acalypha indica Linn) is a plant that has many usage such as for reduce uric acid consentration. The comprehensive usage from this preparation must be supported with data which can prove it is safety scientifically. Therefore an experiment is done to know the effect of giving the extract to rat renal function. This research used fourty rats which divided into four groups. Group I as normal control which were given water 2 ml/200 g body weight. Group II, III, IV were given water extract of A.indica roots doses 13,5/kg body weight, 27g/kg body weight, and 54 g/kg body weight. Frequency of exposure A. indica was once a day during 90 days. In the 91st day blood sample was collected from observed rats and measured their plasma urea and creatinine levels through colorimetry methods, and the surgery were done to the rats for the histological inspection of their kidneys. The results shows that no toxic effect of Acalypha indica to white rats seen from plasma urea and creatinine levels and kidney histology."

"Anti rat amniotic protein antibody was developed by immunization of rabbits with total rat amniotic protein as antigen in Freund's adjuvant. This antibody could react with both male rat serum and amniotic proteins. To obtain the pure anti AFP antibody, rabbit anti serum was loaded on an affinity chromatography column which contain agarose, activated by carbodiimide, and male rat serum protein immobilized. Eluat containing protein that was not reacting with immobilized male rat serum was collected in 2 mL fractions. Each fraction was measured. The first 8 fraction give a peak. The range of protein concentration were about 0,35 - 4,51 mg/mL. The range of anti rat .AFP antibody titre were 40 - 1280. The conclusion is that the anti rat amniotic protein antibodies contain the antibody againts rat AFP. The anti rat AFP antibody could reacted or detected the AFP in amniotin fluid proteins that was not in the adult male rat serum. The conclusion is that the anti rat amniotic protein antibodies contain the antibody againts rat AFP. The anti rat AFP antibody can react or detect the AFP in the amniotic fluid protein that is not in the adult male rat serum."

"Forty-eight male weanling rats (91 g) were utilized to study the nutritional adequacy of cooked polished white rice. Ratswere individually housed, and allowed ad libitum access to one of six treatment diets. Treatment diets were 1) polishedwhite rice plus 10% casein and 0.18% methionine, CAS, 2) polished white rice, WHR, 3) polished white rice plus0.45% lysine, LYS, 4) polished white rice plus0.40% methionine, MET, 5) polished white rice plus 0.30% threonine,THR, 6) polished white rice plus 0.45% lysine, 0.40% methionine, and 0.40% threonine, COM. Rice was cooked priordiet formulation using a 3 to 1 ratio of water to rice. Vitamins (AIN-76) and AIN minerals were added to all diets tomeet NRC (1978) requirements. Rats fed CAS diets were significantly heavier on d 21 (P<0.05) than rats on COM,LYS, MET, THR, or WHR diets, (219.9 vs. 171.6, 153.2, 153.2, 148.3, or 155.4 g respectively). Supplementation of themost deficient essential amino acids, lysine (LYS) or methionine (MET) did not improve (P>0.05) rat performance overWHR fed rats, Average daily gain (ADG) for CAS was 6.1 g/d and ADG for LYS and MET was 3.0 g/d. The additionof threonine (THR) significantly (P<0.05) reduced ADG when compared to WHR diets (2.7 vs. 3.0 g/d). When ratswere fed to COM diet significant (P<0.05) improvement in ADG was observed compared to WHR fed rats (4.8 vs. 3.0g/d). The increased gains achieved with COM diet and the poor gains observed with the single amino acid diets (LYS,MET, or THR) would suggest that polished white rice is limiting in more than one essential amino acid."

"ABSTRAK Keong Lymnaea rubiginosa telah diketahui sebagai hospes perantara di dalam siklus hidup beberapa cacing Trematoda. Dalam penelitian ini keong diberikan sebagai makanan tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) strain WN, untuk mengetahui species cacing Trematoda pada keong yang dapat hidup di saluran pencernaan tikus. Sebelum diberi makan keong, tinja tikus diperiksa ada tidaknya telur atau larva cacing untuk meyakinkan bahwa tikus bebas dari parasit, dan tikus dilaparkan selama 1 hari. Tiap tikus diberi makan 20 ekor keong, dan tikus dipelihara. Enam hari setelah infeksi, dilakukan kembali pemeriksaan tinja tikus. Tikus yang positif mengandung telur cacing, dibedah, dicari cacingnya, dihitung jumlahnya, dan dicatat tempat ditemukannya. Untuk keperluan identifikasi, spesimen cacing diwarnai dengan pewarnaan HE dan dibuat sediaan. Hasil identifikasi terhadap 111 ekor cacing yang ditemukan pada saluran pencernaan tikus putih, terdiri dari 4 species, yaitu: 68 ekor (61,26 %) cacing Echinostoma ilocanum, 23 ekor (20,72 %) cacing E. malayanum. 8 ekor (7,21%) cacing E. recurvatum, dan 7 ekor (6,31 %) cacing E. revolutum, serta 5 ekor (4,50%) tidak dapat diidentifikasi. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa keong L. rubiginosa berperan sebagai hospes perantara cacing Echinostoma spp. tersebut."

"Akar tanaman akar kucing (Acalypha indica Linn.) telah banyak digunakan masyarakat sebagai obat yang dapat menurunkan kadar asam urat dalam darah, tetapi belum banyak percobaan ilmiah yang membuktikan toksisitasnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian rebusan akar tanaman akar kucing (A. indica) terhadap organ jantung tikus putih jantan ditinjau dari aktivitas GOT, kreatin kinase plasma serta gambaran histologis jantung. Penelitian ini menggunakan empat puluh ekor tikus yang dipilih secara acak menjadi empat kelompok, setiap kelompok terdiri dari sepuluh ekor tikus. Kelompok I sebagai kontrol normal yang diberi air 2 ml/200 g bb. Kelompok II, III dan IV diberi perlakuan rebusan akar A. indica dengan dosis 13,5 g/kg bb, 27 g/kg bb, dan 54 g/kg bb. Frekuensi pemberian sekali sehari selama 90 hari. Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi kimia darah (aktivitas GOT, kreatin kinase plasma) dan histologis organ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada gejala toksik pada tikus yang diberi rebusan akar A. indica ditinjau dari aktivitas GOT, kreatin kinase plasma serta gambaran histologis jantung.Root of akar kucing (Acalypha indica Linn.) has been widely used to reduce uric acid consentration, but the toxicityity has not been proven scientifically. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of water extract of A. indica roots to the heart of male white rats seen from GOT, creatin kinase plasma activity and heart histology. This research used fourty rats which divided into four groups, each group contains ten rats. Group I as normal control which were given water 2 ml/200 g body weight. Group II, III, IV were given water extract of A.indica roots doses 13,5/kg body weight, 27g/kg body weight, and 54 g/kg body weight. Frequency of exposure A. indica was once a day during 90 days with the oral route administration. Data observation involves blood chemistry (GOT, creatin kinase plasma activity) and heart histology. The result show no toxic effect of A. indica to white rats seen from GOT, creatin kinase plasma activity and heart histology."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini menyajikan deskripsi dan suntingan teks atas naskah Sĕrat Narasawan (koleksi naskah Moens) yang diproduksi pada tahun 1930-an dari daerah pinggiran Yogyakarta. Metode kajian filologis yang digunakan adalah metode edisi naskah tunggal, edisi kritis. Telaah aspek kebudayaan yang mencakup 7 unsur kebudayaan disajikan pula dengan bersumber pada teks guna mengetahui kebudayaan yang melingkupi masyarakat pada masa naskah ini diciptakan. Selain itu, telaah aspek penyimpangan seksual juga disajikan bersumber pada teks dengan jenis penyimpangan seksual bestiality dan spectrophilia.

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ABSTRACTThis research presents a description and critical text of Sĕrat Narasawan manuscript (one of Moens manuscript collection) written in Yogyakarta in the 1930s. The critical text method of philological study use standard (critical) method. This research also presents the 7 elements of culture referring to the text in order to know the culture of the surrounding community at the time this manuscript was created. In addition, the study of aspects of the sexual deviations are also presented in the text referring to the type of sexual perversion bestiality and spectrophilia."

"This study was carried out to investigate the effect of 4NQO oral induction in oesophagus of male rat. Sixteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three experimental groups and one untreated group as control. The experimental groups were applied with 0.5% 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide on the dorsal mucosa of tongue thrice weekly for 8, 16 or 24 weeks, one brush stroke per application. At the end of the 36th week, all rats were sacrificed and the tongue and oesophagus were excised and fixed in 10% buffed formalin for 24 hours. The H&E sections were prepared for histological examination. The microscopial assessment showed that all rat tongues whether applied with 4NQO for 8, 16 or 24 weeks were identified having Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). Microscopial examination of oesophagus indicated that 75% or the rats applied with 4NQO for 16 weeks showed hyperkeratosis, and 80% and 20% of the rats applied with 4NQO for 24 weeks showed malignancy changes and hyperkeratosis, respectively. No histological changes were detected either in the tongue or the oesophagus of the control rats. It was concluded that the effect of carcinogenic induction in oral mucosa caused malignant changes in oesophagus."

"Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 adalah protein yang utamanya berasal dari hati dan berperan dalam degradasi reseptor low-density lipoprotein, sehingga menjadikannya target terapeutik yang menjanjikan untuk menunrunkan kolesterol. Pengembangan obat yang menargetkan proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 telah menarik banyak perhatian, namun adanya keterbatasan penelitian model in vivo dengan hewan wild type yang mampu merepresentasikan kondisi manusia dapat menghambat proses pengembangan obat. Sebuah studi menunjukkan diet tinggi fruktosa dapat meningkatkan proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 pada manusia. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengembangan model hewan proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 dengan tikus wistar jantan yang diinduksi diet tinggi fruktosa menggunakan variasi durasi induksi selama 3, 4, dan 5 minggu. Parameter yang dinilai adalah kadar Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 di plasma dan hati yang diukur dengan ELISA, serta ekspresinya di hati yang dievaluasi dengan western blot. Pada tikus yang diinduksi fruktosa, terdapat peningkatan signifikan kadar Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 di plasma dan hati dibandingkan dengan kontrol (p<0,05) pada durasi 3 dan 4 minggu untuk plasma, serta durasi 3 minggu untuk hati. Western blot menunjukkan mature proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 tereskpresi pada kelompok dengan induksi fruktosa, serta terjadi penurunan ekspresi di minggu ke-3 dan ke-5 jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Penelitian ini menunjukkan tikus yang diinduksi fruktosa dapat menjadi pilihan sebagai model hewan proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 dengan durasi induksi selama 4 minggu untuk memberikan hasil yang optimal.

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Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 is a liver-derived protein with an ability to promote degradation of low-density lipoprotein receptor, making it a promising therapeutic target in cholesterol-lowering therapy. The development of drugs targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 has attracted considerable attention, but the limited studies of in vivo model with wild type animals that exhibit similarities to that of a human situation could inhibit the drug development process. Recent study has revealed high fructose diet increased proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in humans. In this study, the development of animal model of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 was carried out using rats induced by fructose with duration of induction variation. Plasma and hepatic proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 were measured with ELISA, while hepatic proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 expression was detected with western blot. A significant increase in plasma and hepatic proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 levels were observed in fructose-induced rats following treatment for 3 and 4 weeks, and 4 weeks, respectively, compared to the control group (p<0,05). Western blot showed proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 was expressed in fructose-induced groups, and there was a decrease in expression in frucotse- induced group treated for 3 and 5 weeks. This study demonstrate that fructose-induced rat has a potential to be animal model of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, with an induction duration of 4 weeks to provide an optimal result."