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"Farmasi rawat jalan Rumah Sakit Haji Jakarta dari tahun ke tahun semakin meningkat kedatangan resepnya, namun masih ada pasien yang tidak membeli obat pada farmasi rawat jalan RSHJ yang salah satu kemungkinan penyebabnya adalah waktu tunggu yang lama.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa lama waktu tunggu seorang pasien dalam membeli obat, faktor-faktor yang menyebabkannya dan mengembangkan model yang lebih baik yang dapat mempersingkat waktu tunggu.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian Cross Sectional atau penelitian operasional dengan analisa kuantitatif. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh lembar resep yang datang ke farmasi rawat jalan RSHJ pada pukul 08.00 - 14.00 mulai tanggal 27 Mei sampai dengan 1 Juni 2002.Analisa data dilakukan dengan menggunakan bantuan komputer. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata tingkat kedatangan resep per jam selama seminggu adalah sebesar 30 lembar per jam. Rata-rata tingkat kedatangan pada saat waktu sibuk sekitar dua kali lebih besar dibandingkan rata-rata tingkat kedatangan pada saat tidak sibuk. Pola pelayanan obat jadi lebih singkat daripada pola pelayanan obat racikan, khususnya pada tahap penyiapan obat. Sedangkan lama waktu tunggu dalam sistem pada tahap penyiapan obat jadi selama 22 menit 27 detik, dan lama waktu tunggu pada tahap penyiapan obat racikan selama 41 menit 3 detik.Untuk mengurangi lamanya waktu tunggu dibuatlah model antrian M/G/2/I/I pada tahap penyiapan obat jadi dan tahap penulisan etiket dan pengemasan obat. Hasil simulasi dari model tersebut menunjukkan bahwa lama waktu dalam sistem dapat berkurang selama lebih kurang 2.5 menit.

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Development of the Prescription's Queuing System Model in the Outpatient's Pharmacy of RSHJ in 2002The prescriptions of out patients in RSHJ have increased from year to year. Some of the outpatient do not buy drug in RSHJ pharmacy. One of the reasons, probably, is the waiting time of the service.The aim of this study was to know the waiting time in buying drug, of the outpatient the contribution factors, and how to develop a better model for shorten the waiting time.The research uses the cross sectional or operational research by using quantitative analysis. The sample has taken from the whole prescriptions in outpatient's pharmacy in RSHJ from 08.00 AM until 02.00 PM, from May 27 th up to June 1 st, 2002.The result from analysis by using computer. Has revealed that the average of the prescriptions per hour during one week was 30 prescriptions. The average of arrival rate at peak hours was about twice longer than the average of arrival rate at UN peak hours. The non-dispensed medicine prescription has shortened than the dispensed medicine prescriptions, especially in the prepared time. The result show the waiting time for non-dispensed medicine prescriptions is 22 minutes 27 seconds, and for the dispensed medicine prescriptions is 41 minutes 3 seconds.The queuing model M/G/2/I/I, has use as a model in this study to analysis how to shorten the waiting time in preparing the non-dispensed medicine prescriptions, descriptions etiquette drugs, and drug's packaging. The simulation of this model show the waiting time can be shorten for about 2,5 minutes."

"Rumah Sakit Pusat Angkatan Darat Gatot Soebroto merupakan rumah sakit rujukan tingkat I bagi instalasi kesehatan TNI dengan 20 jenis spesialisasi. Angka kunjungan pasien rawat jalan RSPAD Gatot Soebroto cukup tinggi sehingga perlu terus meningkatkan mutu pelayanan rawat jalan terutama dengan mempersingkat waktu tunggu dalam sistem antrian pasien.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa lama waktu tunggu seorang pasien, karakteristik sistem antrian dan mengembangkan model antrian yang sesuai yang dapat diterapkan di poliklinik Penyakit Dalam RSPAD Gatot Soebroto.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian Cross Sectional atau penelitian operasional dengan analisa kuantitatif. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diambil dari seluruh pasien yang datang ke poliklinik Penyakit Dalam RSPAD Gatot Soebroto dari tanggal 15 April 2002 sampai dengan tanggal 26 April 2002 mulai pukul 7:00. 12:00.Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pola kedatangan rata-rata pasien per jam selama 2 minggu penelitian adalah 19 orang per jam untuk pasien Ginjal dan Hipertensi dan 31 orang per jam untuk pasien DM dan GE. Disiplin antrian pada umumnya bersifat FIFO (First In First Out) dan struktur antriannya adalah Multi Channel Multi Phase. Rata - rata waktu pelayanan sesungguhnya yang diberikan untuk setiap pasien secara keseluruhan adalah 10 merit 43 detik. Rata - rata lama waktu rekam medis dalam sistem di seluruh bagian pelayanan untuk pasien Ginjal dan Hipertensi adalah 56 merit 54 detik sedangkan untuk pasien DM dan GE adalah 1 jam 26 menit 43 detik.Untuk mengurangi lamanya waktu tunggu maka dibuatlah model antrian. Hasil simulasi dan model tersebut didapatkan bahwa rata - rata waktu rekam medis pasien dalam sistem dapat berkurang selama 48 menit 30 detik untuk pasien Ginjal dan Hipertensi dan 83 menit 15 detik untuk pasien DM dan GE. Daftar Pustaka : 19 bush ( 1979 - 2000 )

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Development of a Queuing Model for Outpatients at the Internal Disease Polyclinic of the Gatot Soebroto Army Ground Forces Central Hospital (RSPAD Gatot Soebroto)Being the top referral military hospital the Gatot Soebroto Army Ground Forces Central Hospital (RSPAD Gatot Soebroto ) consisting of 20 different specialities has a high number of outpatients so need to upgrade the service quality by decrease the waiting time in the queuing system.

The purpose of this research is to obtain the exact information about the length of waiting time, the characteristic of the queuing system and develop the appropriate queuing model that can be applied at the Internal Disease Polyclinic of the Gatot Soebroto Hospital.

This research is Cross Sectional or Operational Research with quantitative analysis. The samples for this research are all of the outpatients who come to the Internal Disease Polyclinic of the Gatot Soebroto Hospital from April 15, 2002 until April 26, 2002 from 7:00 am until 12:00 am.

The result of this research shows that the average of the arrival rate of patients per hour for two weeks is 19 patients for Kidney and Hypertension patient and 31 patients for Diabetes and Gastro Enterohepatology patient. The queuing discipline is FIFO (Firsf In First Out) and the queuing structure is Multi Channel - Multi Phase. The average of service time for each patients is 10 minutes 43 seconds. The average time a patient spends in the system for Kidney and Hypertension patient is 56 minutes 54 seconds and for Diabetes and Gastro Enterohepatology patient is 1 hour 26 minutes 43 seconds.

From the simulation shows that the average time a patient spends in the system time can be reduced 48 minutes 30 seconds for Kidney and Hypertension patient and 83 minutes 15 seconds for DM and GE patient. By applying one of the queuing models is hoped that the waiting time of patients will be significantly reduced."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membantu Bank XYZ dalam menyelesaikan masalah antrian teller di kantor cabang yang mengganggu kualitas pelayanan. Akar masalah yang dijadikan fokus dari penelitian ini adalah jumlah teller yang dianggap kurang memadai. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan alternatif solusi penyelesaian masalah antrian cabang yang dapat memberikan keseimbangan optimal antara jumlah teller yang perlu disediakan agar waktu antrian nasabah tetap dalam batas yang dapat ditoleransi, dengan kapasitas perusahaan terkait dengan biaya penyediaan teller dan keterbatasan ruang atau counter teller di cabang. Penelitian menggunakan model antrian sebagai alat bantu analisis karena sesuai dengan kebutuhan penelitian yaitu mampu memprediksi kinerja sistem antrian dengan baik serta relatif mudah dan sederhana sehingga dapat disarankan sebagai alternatif alat bantu bagi Bank XYZ untuk upaya peningkatan pelayanan selanjutnya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif yang didasarkan pada teori antrian. Hasil penelitian memberikan masukan tentang alternatif perhitungan kebutuhan teller standar untuk kondisi saat ini serta inisiatif atau ide pengembangan dan perbaikan antrian yang optimal sesuai dengan kebutuhan nasabah dan perusahaan.

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This study aimed to support PT. Bank XYZ in solving excessive waiting at their teller line in branches. The focus of this study is on the perceived root caused problem i.e. not enough tellers to provide service. The objective of this study is to find an appropriate balance between number of tellers (considering cost of providing teller and limited space or teller counters at branch) and the amount of waiting. Queuing model is used as analysis tool for this study because of its ability to predict queuing system performance such as waiting time. It is also simple and easy to use hence could be recommended as alternative tool for Bank XYZ continuous service improvement program. This research is quantitative and qualitative research based on queuing theory. The researcher suggests the alternative standard number of tellers derived from existing condition using queuing model, and initiatives on queuing system improvement to achieve optimal balance between customer need and company capacity."

"ABSTRACTThis paper outlines a study carried out to answer the questions asked by an architect of the Siena Municipality Office during a conference at our Department on the management of traffic flows through the Siena North city road system. The purpose of the study was to ascertain if changes in the road system introduced and included in the new City Development Plan would resolve the current traffic congestion issues. In order to answer this question, we used the technology for the development of vehicle traffic system simulators which was introduced during our previous projects (TASK Quart. 14 (4) 405, 17 (3) 155, 20 (1) 9, 20 (3) 273). "

"Matrix analytic methods are popular as modeling tools because they give one the ability to construct and analyze a wide class of queuing models in a unified and algorithmically tractable way. The authors present the basic mathematical ideas and algorithms of the matrix analytic theory in a readable, up-to-date, and comprehensive manner. In the current literature, a mixed bag of techniques is used-some probabilistic, some from linear algebra, and some from transform methods. Here, many new proofs that emphasize the unity of the matrix analytic approach are included. The authors begin by describing several examples of quasi-birth-and-death (QBD) processes. These examples give the reader an idea of the variety of models which are hidden by the general block notation as well as reinforce some of the terminology and notation used throughout the text. These same examples are used as illustrations later. The second part of the book deals with phase-type distributions and related-point processes, which provide a versatile set of tractable models for applied probability. Part three reviews birth-and-death processes, and points out that the arguments for these processes carry over to more general processes in a parallel manner and are based on Markov renewal theory. Part four covers material where algorithmic and probabilistic reasoning are most intimately connected. In three steps, the authors take you from one of the simplest iterative procedures to the fastest, relating the successive approximations to the dynamic behavior of the stochastic process itself. The final part goes beyond simple QBDs with a sequence of short chapters where the authors discuss various extensions to the analyzed processes. Their intention is to show that the fundamental ideas extend beyond simple homogeneous QBD."

"We study a finite capacity Markovian queuing system with two heterogeneous servers, reverse balking, and reneging. The stationary system size probabilities are obtained by using iterative method. The measures of performance like expected system size, the average rate of reverse balking, and the average rate of reneging are obtained. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the model is carried out."