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"Proliferasi sel merupakan peningkatan dalam jumlah sel sebagai hasil dari pertumbuhan dan pembelahan sel. Selain terjadi pada sel normal pembelahan sel juga terjadi pada sel kanker yang ditandai dengan proliferasi tak terkendali. Banyak di antara penghambatan proliferasi dilakukan dengan cara menghambat sintesis DNA, yaitu mengintervensi pembentukan basa nukleotida purin atau pirimidin. Mengingat dalam sintesis purin de novo terdapat peran biotin yang merupakan koenzim dalam proses karboksilasi, maka penambahan avidin diduga kuat dapat mengikat biotin dengan afinitas yang sangat tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari potensi avidin dalam kemampuannya mengikat botin untuk menghambat mitosis. Pada penelitian ini SMDT dikultur dalam medium yang distimulasi oleh PHA, IL-2, serta PHA dan IL-2 dengan dan tanpa avidin. Efek dari penambahan avidin ini dilihat pada jam-jam tertentu dan dilakukan analisis terhadap proliferasi, viabilitas, serta siklus sel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, avidin menghambat proliferasi SMDT serta menurunkan viabilitas SMDT baik pada kultur yang distimulasi PHA maupun pada kultur yang distimulasi PHA dan IL-2. Penambahan avidin juga menghambat masuknya progresi SMDT yang dikultur selama 72 jam dari fase G0/G1 ke fase S. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa avidin dapat mengikat biotin yang ada dalam medium sehingga proliferasi sel menjadi terhambat.

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Cell proliferation is the increment of cell number as a result of cell growth and cell division. Cell division occurs not only in normal cells but also in cancer cells which undergo uncontrolled cell division. Most of the cell proliferation inhibition was done by inhibiting the DNA synthesis by which intervening the formation of purine or pyrimidine nucleotide bases. Considering the role of biotin in purine de novo synthesis as a coenzyme in the carboxylation reaction, it was assumed that avidin can bind biotin with very high affinity. The aim of this research is to study the potential of avidin to bind biotin for inhibit mitosis. In this study PBMC was cultured in a medium that stimulated by PHA, IL-2, PHA and IL-2 with and without avidin. The effect of the addition of avidin was observed at certain hours for the analysis of proliferation, viability, and cell cycle. This study suggest that avidin inhibits proliferation and decreases viability of PBMC both of PBMC stimulated by PHA and stimulated by PHA and IL-2. The addition of avidin also inhibits the entry of progression of PBMC when cultured for 72 hours from phase G0/G1 to S phase. Based on these data, we propose that avidin might bind extracellular biotin in the medium therefore the cell proliferation was inhibited."

"Seed cultivation for true shallot is an alternative for the more common cultivation practice in which 30% of the harvested tubers are used for cultivation purposes. Seed production of this temperate tuber in the tropical region, however, is quite challenging due to its low flowers and seed formation. Several studies have shown that vernalization (cold induction) and application of Benzil Amino Purin (BAP) had improved the flowering and seed production of shallot. However, such studies were conducted during the best cultivation period for about 3 months and thus, limit the production period of seeds during the rainy season. This study was conducted to observe the effect of both methods outside cultivation periods on the flower and capsule numbers, fruit set, and weight of 100 seeds when compared with commonly practiced cultivation during the dry season. The onion bulbs vernalized at 10 oC for 30 days were subjected to synthetic hormone (BAP) prior to planting. The shallot group treated with BAP had the lowest values for all observed parameters, i.e., 1,552.67 number of flowers; 312.11 number of capsules; 22.5% seed set; and 0.2244 g weight of 100 seeds, compared to those in the vernalization treated group, i.e., 1,592.44 number of flowers; 623 number of capsules; 30.5% seed set; 0.2261 g weight of 100 seeds and control group 6,774.67 number of flowers; 3,898.44 number of capsules; 57.06% seed set; 0.3304 g weight of 100 seeds. In conclusion, the commonly practiced cultivation of sowing bulbs directly without vernalization and plant growth regulator treatment is probably the better method to produce shallot seeds during the offseason, the rainy season."

"ABSTRAKKasus kristalisasi urin terdapat pada hampir semua bangsa, namun prevalensinyabelum tercatat karena kristalisasi urin merupakan indikator awal batu salurankemih. Desain studi penelitian ini adalah sequential exploratory yang bertujuanuntuk melihat hubungan faktor pekerjaan dan individu dengan kristalisasi urinpada pekerja welding. Analisis secara univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakanuji statistik chi square dan T-test independent didapatkan faktor risiko yangberhubungan dengan kasus kristalisasi urin adalah berat badan (OR=1,38; 95%CI=1,09?1,92), keseimbangan cairan tubuh (OR=5,77; 95%CI=2,79?11,33), dankonsumsi makanan tinggi purin perbulan (P-value 0,04; SD: 237,1). Disarankanpeningkatan aktivitas fisik, penyediaan minum lebih layak, dan pengaturan polamakan.

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ABSTRACTCrystalluria are found nearly in all nations but the exact number of cases areunrecorded because crystalluria is the early indicator for urolithiasis. Anobservational research and sequential exploratory design were used to analyzethe risk factors of crystalluria among welding workers. Univariate and bivariateanalysis were used by chi square and independent T-test. This research found thatthe significant risk factors to the occurrence of crystalluria were body weight (OR= 1,38; 95% CI = 1,09 to 1,92), the balance of body fluids (OR = 5,77; 95% CI =2,79 to 11,33), and high purine foods consumption (P-value of 0,04; SD: 237,1).So, the recommendation for controlling risk factors of crystalluria are increasingphysical activity, hydration, and dietary adjustments"

"Hail penelitian ini tidak menunjukkan adanya penurunan kadar asam urat darah (AUD) yang bermakna. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa diet rendah purin selama 5 hari tidak banyak mempengaruhi kadar asam urat darah. Demikian pula usaha untuk menilai pengaruh diet rendah purin 5 hari terhadap penggolongan kadar asam urat darah tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna (p > 0.05). Salah satu faktor yang dapat menyebabkan hal ini adalah karena diet rendah purin 5 hari hanya dapat menghilangkan pengaruh purin eksogen dalam pembentukan asam urat tubuh. Pengaruh eksogen ini sebenarnya tidak begitu besar yaitu kurang lebih hanya sekitar 20% dari seluruh pembentukan asam urat dalam tubuh. Dengan demikian diet rendah purin 5 hari belum dapat memperlihatkan penurunan asam urat darah yang nyata.

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This study did not show a significant decrease in blood uric acid (AUD) levels. This suggests that a low-purine diet for 5 days has little effect on blood uric acid levels. Similarly, efforts to assess the effect of a 5-day low-purine diet on classification Blood uric acid levels show no difference mean (p > 0.05). One factor that can cause this is because a 5-day low-purine diet can only eliminate the influence of exogenous purines in the body's uric acid formation. This exogenous influence is actually not so great, which is approximately only about 20% of the total formation of uric acid in the body. Thus, a 5-day low-purine diet has not been able to show a decrease in blood uric acid which is real."

"Penghambatan proliferasi sel diaplikasikan dalam berbagai bidang kedokteran. Banyak di antara penghambatan proliferasi dilakukan dengan cara menghambat sintesis DNA, yaitu mengintervensi pembentukan basa nukleotida purin atau pirimidin. Dalam sintesis purin de novo terdapat peran enzim anhidrase karbonat yang merupakan pemasok CO2 dalam proses karboksilasi. Penghambatan enzim anhidrase karbonat diduga kuat dapat menghambat proliferasi. Pada penelitian ini model proliferasi sel adalah SMDT yang distimulasi dengan PHA, IL-2, serta PHA dan IL-2. Penghambat enzim anhdirase karbonat yang digunakan adalah asetazolamid. Dilakukan analisis efek pemberian asetazolamid pada saat puncak sintesis DNA sel, puncak viabilitas sel, serta analisis terhadap siklus sel. Hasil penelitian ini, asetozolamid menghambat sintesis DNA serta menurunkan viabilitas SMDT yang distimulasi PHA dan IL-2. Terjadi hambatan masuknya progresi SMDT dari fase G0/G1 ke fase S. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penghambatan enzim anhidrase karbonat dapat menyebabkan hambatan proliferasi sel.

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Inhibition of cells proliferation are widely used in various medical fields. Most of cell proliferation inhibition can be done by inhibiting the DNA synthesis, notably by intervening the formation of purine or pyrimidine. In purine de novo synthesis, it was assumed that CO2 plays a role as a source of carbon in carboxylation reaction, one of the pivotal steps in the purine de novo pathways. The aim of this study was to see the acetazolamide potency to inhibit carboxylation reaction. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) was cultured in RPMI-1640 medium and stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), with or without acetazolamide. The effect of acetazolamide addition was observed at the peak of cell proliferation, cells viability, and cell cycle. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA. Acetazolamide inhibited cell proliferation and viability in PBMC culture stimulated by PHA and IL-2. Cell cycle analysis showed that acetazolamide arrested the progression of PBMC in G0/G1 phase. Inhibition of CO2 production by acetazolamide inhibitory effect to carbonic anhydrase can halt cell proliferation."