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Abstrak :
This article examines domestic and international critiques of the literature of the Vietnamese-language writer Khái Hưng, who was active from the French colonial period to the eve of the Indochina War. It then explores changes and continuities in Vietnamese literary criticism in light of changes in the nation’s cultural policies. Khái Hưng was one of seven members and the most prolific writer of the Self-Reliant Literary Group, founded in 1933 in Hanoi. In 1941 he was arrested by the French for anticolonial activities. Following World War II, he supported the Vietnamese Nationalist Party as an editor of the Party’s newspapers. In 1946 he was captured by the Communist-led Việt Minh, and in 1947 he was executed. On the grounds that he was involved in the Party against the Việt Minh and was purged by the Việt Minh, few serious studies have been conducted on Khái Hưng despite his stature as a leading writer in the 1930s and 1940s. Although former South Vietnamese scholars recognized the importance of Khái Hưng’s late works, they had to start by collecting these materials, which had been scattered due to national division and war; also, South Vietnamese students of literature tended to prefer the study of foreign literature to domestic literature. After the fall of the former South Vietnam, those who fled abroad as refugees had to start earning a living from scratch. Therefore, few of them studied literature at academic institutions, and little serious research was conducted on Khái Hưng, including his activities in the latter years of his life. However, as Đỗ Lai Thúy points out, avoiding such “sensitive issues” in Vietnam makes it difficult to truly understand the country. This paper carefully traces the treatment of the literature created by Khái Hưng, who was recognized as a “sensitive issue.” At the same time, it attempts to dismantle the formula that was constructed with the rise of social realism: romanticism=bourgeoisie=decadence=reaction, which has become a simplified and somewhat established theory in Vietnamese literary history since Khái Hưng’s death. Focusing on a specific writer reveals the complex ways in which the cultural policies of a war-torn nation were operationalized at the civilian level.

Abstrak :
Ii Naosuke adalah Daimyō dari Hikone yang menjabat sebagai Tairō di tahun 1858 hingga tahun 1860 pada masa pemerintahan Bakufu oleh klan Tokugawa. Sejak kedatangan Komodor Perry di tahun 1853, Jepang dihadapkan kepada masalah politik dari dalam maupun luar negeri. Skripsi ini membahas tentang peranan Ii Naosuke dalam politik dalam negeri Jepang. Kebijakan-kebijakan yang diambil oleh Ii Naosuke adalah penandatanganan Perjanjian Persahabatan dan Perdagangan antara Jepang-Amerika, pengangkatan calon penerus Shogun Tokugawa Iesada, Pembersihan Ansei, dan pernikahan Kazu no Miya. Kebijakan-kebijakan tersebut bertujuan untuk mengembalikan dan mengukuhkan kekuasaan pemerintah Bakufu. Penulisan skripsi ini dilakukan dengan studi kepustakaan dan bersifat kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analisis secara kronologis. ......Ii Naosuke is a Daimyō from Hikone, who served as a Tairō in the year of 1858 to 1860, at the time of Bakufu's Reign by the Tokugawa clan. Since the arrival of Commodore Perry in 1853, Japan had to face domestic and foreign political policy problems. This thesis will discuss about Ii Naosuke's role in Japan's Domestic Politics. Ii Nosuke's political policies are signing of The Treaty of Amity and Commerce between America and Japan, the appointment of Shogun Tokugawa Iesada's successor, Ansei Purge, and the marriage of Kazu no Miya. These policies are series of Ii Naosuke's attempts to regain Bakufu's power over Japan's politic. This thesis is done by qualitative literary studies with the method of chronologic descriptive-analytic.

Abstrak :
Turbin Gas Generator yang digunakan oleh PLTGU Blok 2 Muara Karang dapat menggunakan dua buah bahan bakar yaitu minyak dan gas. Akan tetapi sejak commissioning pada tahun 2009 hingga saat ini, hanya bahan bakar gas saja yang digunakan. Salah satu alasannya yaitu kebijakan pemerintah mengenai peraturan menteri ESDM No. 12 tahun 2012 tentang pengendalian bahan bakar minyak. Blok 2 memiliki peralatan bantu Turbin Gas yang bernama Purge Air Compressor (PAC) yang berfungsi untuk mencegah proses karbonisasi bahan bakar minyak di Combustion Nozzle dan juga mencegah terjadinya back flow bahan bakar gas pada Pilot Fuel Oil Manifold. Penggunaan Purge Air Compressor itu sendiri dinilai kurang baik karena peralatan tersebut memiliki potensi yang cukup besar dalam menyebabkan outage, derating, dan juga kegagalan start up. Selain itu biaya pemeliharaan dan biaya pemakaian sendiri yang dinilai cukup tinggi. Maka dari itu dilakukan analisa permasalahan mengenai potensi gangguan PAC yang mempengaruhi area ruang bakar dan juga kajian kelayakan operasi, kajian kelayakan finansial dan kajian kelayakan risiko dari peralatan tersebut. Untuk memitigasi permasalahan tersebut dilakukan penonaktifan sistem kompresor udara tekan dengan cara pelepasan pipa di area Fuel Oil Firing System, lalu melakukan plugging pada area pelepasan pipa dan nozzle, dan diakhiri dengan modifikasi logic untuk mencegah malfunction dari sistem interlock dan alarm. Dengan penerapan inovasi ini durasi waktu yang diperlukan untuk pemeliharaan pembangkit (overhaul) dapat dipercepat 16 jam dan menghilangkan biaya operasionalnya yang besar senilai Rp 2,499,814,080 per tahun. Hal tersebut akan memberikan keuntungan sebesar Rp 15,205,413,943.65 selama 10 tahun. ......Gas Turbine Generator is used by PLTGU Block 2 Muara Karang consist of two kind of fuel that are oil and gas. However since commisioning in 2009 until now, only gas fuel that been used. The reason is government policy from Minister of Energy and Mineral Resource number 12 year 2012 concerning on the control of fuel oil. This Gas Turbine has equipment namely Purge Air Compressor (PAC) which been used for prevent carbonization process of fuel oil in the Combustion Nozzle and also prevent the back flow of gas fuel to Pilot Fuel Oil Manifold. The used of Purge Air Compressor assesed to be uneffective because of the equipments can be potential caused of outage, derating and start up failure of Gas Turbine. Furthermore, maintenance cost and auxiliary power are high. Therefore, an analysis of PAC problems is carry out that affect combustion chamber and also feasibility study of operational, financial and risk. In order to mitigate the problems, deactivation of PAC is carried out by removing the pipes in the Fuel Oil Firing System, then plugging on pipe and nozzle, and end with logic modification to prevent the malfuction from interlock system and alarm. From this innovation, overhaul can be accelerated for 16 hours and can remove operational cost for Rp 2,499,814,080 rupiah anually. This will provide a profit amounting Rp 15,205,413,943.65 rupiah for 10 years.