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Abstrak :
Tesis ini membahas proses pembangunan dan perkembangan Pelabuhan Pulau Baai di Bengkulu tahun 1968-2010. Fokus penelitian ini menekankan pada perkembangan aktivitas pelabuhan sebagai pintu gerbang lalu lintas barang dalam perdagangan antar pulau maupun luar negeri di Propinsi Bengkulu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah dengan menyajikan hasil penelitian dalam bentuk deskriptif-analisis. Pelabuhan Pulau Baai merupakan pelabuhan lama Kerajaan Silebar yang direvitalisasi pada masa pemerintahan Orde Baru. Latar belakang pembangunan kembali pelabuhan Pulau Baai ini untuk menunjang aktivitas perdagangan komoditi ekspor yang dihasilkan oleh daerah belakang. Perkembangan aktivitas pelabuhan mengalami kemajuan seiring dengan peningkatan hasil produksi komoditi daerah belakang. Komoditi ekspor andalan berasal dari sektor pertambangan yaitu batu bara dan sektor perkebunan yaitu karet dan kelapa sawit olahan (Crude Palm Oil/CPO). Pelabuhan Pulau Baai dalam pelaksanaan operasional mengalami kendala yaitu sedimentasi yang tinggi yang menyebabkan alur pelayaran pelabuhan mengalami pendangkalan. Meskipun terjadi sedimentasi yang menghambat, namun tidak mempengaruhi aktivitas ekspor di Pelabuhan Pulau Baai yang semakin meningkat terutama sejak tahun 2000 dan mengalami kenaikan ekspor pada tahun 2010.

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This thesis discusses the process of the establishment and development of the Pulau Baai Port in Bengkulu on 1968-2010. It emphasizes on the export-import activities of the port in the province of Bengkulu. This study uses the method of historical research by presenting the research results in the descriptive-analytical form. The study finds that the Pulau Baai Port is an old port of Silebar Empire which revitalized during the reign of the Orde Baru era. The background of rebuilding the Pulau Baai Port is to support the export of commodity from the hinterland products. The development of port activities were in line with the increase of the productions such as rubber, oil palm plantation (Crude Palm Oil/CPO) and coal which become the main good of commodity. Despite the Pulau Baai Port had obstacles as the consequence of high sedimentation the export activity at the Pulau Baai Port was rising since 2000 and reached its peak in 2010.

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Meiobenthos inhabiting the seagrass bed of sungai Pulai estuary,Johor,was studied for the differnces in community structure .Sampling was carried out using a hand corer during the lowest tide in December 2006....

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In vitro culture can be applied for producing new genotype which is tolerant to biotic and abiotic or to increase secondary metabolic content....

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ABSTRACT
Pada penelitian ini, sintesis nanopartikel ZnO, nanopartikel SmMnO3, dan nanokomposit ZnO/SmMnO3 secara green synthesis berhasil dilakukan menggunakan ekstrak daun pulai (Alstonia scholaris). Sintesis nanopartikel dan nanokomposit dilakukan dalam sistem dua fasa dengan menggunakan metode pengadukan kecepatan tinggi. Hasil sintesis selanjutnya dikarakterisasi menggunakan instrumentasi spektrofotometer UV-Vis, spektrofotometer UV-Vis DRS, spektroskopi FTIR, XRD, PSA, SEM-EDX, dan TEM. Hasil karakterisasi XRD nanokomposit ZnO/SmMnO3 menunjukkan nilai difraksi 2I¸ khas gabungan nanopartikel ZnO dan nanopartikel SmMnO3. Nanokomposit ZnO/SmMnO3 yang dikarakterisasi dengan TEM memiliki ukuran partikel sebesar 57,73 nm dengan distribusi ukuran rata- rata yang dikarakterisasi dengan PSA sebesar 86,57 nm dalam rentang 58,77-141,8 nm. Nanokomposit ZnO/SmMnO3 menunjukkan aktivitas fotodegradasi terhadap malasit hijau lebih baik daripada nanopartikel ZnO dan nanopartikel SmMnO3 dibawah sinar tampak selama 2 jam penyinaran. Presentase degradasi dengan nanokomposit ZnO/SmMnO3, nanopartikel ZnO, dan nanopartikel SmMnO3 sebesar 91,47%, 73,61%, dan 73,47%. Perhitungan kinetika reaksi fotodegradasi malasit hijau didapatkan bahwa nanokomposit ZnO/SmMnO3 mengikuti reaksi semu orde satu.

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ABSTRACT
In this study, the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles, SmMnO3 nanoparticles, and ZnO / SmMnO₃ nanocomposites were successfully carried out using pulai leaves extract (Alstonia scholaris). Nanoparticles and nanocomposite synthesis were carried out in two-phase system which occupying the high speed stirring method. The synthesis results were then characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, DRS UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, PSA, SEM-EDX, and TEM. The results of XRD characterization of ZnO/SmMnO3 nanocomposite showed a typical diffraction of 2I¸ value of the combination ZnO nanoparticles and SmMnO3 nanoparticles. ZnO/SmMnO3 nanocomposite characterized by TEM has a particle size of 57,73 nm with an average size distribution characterized by PSA of 86,57 nm in the range 58,77-141,8 nm. ZnO/SmMnO3 nanocomposites showed better photodegradation activity on malachite green than ZnO nanoparticles and SmMnO3 nanoparticles under irradiation visible light for 2 hours . The percentage of degradation with ZnO/SmMnO3 nanocomposites, ZnO nanoparticles, and SmMnO3 nanoparticles was 91.47%, 73.61%, and 73.47% respectively. The calculation of the photodegradation reaction of malachite green kinetics found that ZnO/SmMnO3 nanocomposites comply a pseudo first-order reaction.

Abstrak :
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. is a popular timber and medicinal tree species in Indonesia.The species is valued for its quality light wood timber and for its medicinal properties. Information on its existing genetic potential is currently lacking. The present study was carried out to optimize PCR and to screen primers among accessions collected from different part of region in Indonesia using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in order to suggest appropriate primer and PCR conditions used in A.scholaris. Results showed that 26 primers generated 575 scorable bands of which 524 (92 %) were polymorphic. Fourteen highly polymorphic primers (100% polymorphic) are recorded from 48 primer used, i.e.OPA-2, OPA-03, OPA-05, OPA-06, OPA-10,OPA-12, OPA-15, OPA-18, OPA-19, OPC-03, OPC-10, OPC-12, OPC-17, and OPN-14. Based on the RAPD markers, a dendrogram was constructed using the UPGMA method.The range of genetic distance was from 0.18-0.45.The molecular dara grouped the genotypes into three main clusters.

Abstrak :
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. is a popular timber and medicinal tree species in Indonesia.The species is valued for its quality light wood timber and for its medicinal properties. Information on its existing genetic potential is currently lacking. The present study was carried out to optimize PCR and to screen primers among accessions collected from different part of region in Indonesia using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in order to suggest appropriate primer and PCR conditions used in A.scholaris. Results showed that 26 primers generated 575 scorable bands of which 524 (92 %) were polymorphic. Fourteen highly polymorphic primers (100% polymorphic) are recorded from 48 primer used, i.e.OPA-2, OPA-03, OPA-05, OPA-06, OPA-10,OPA-12, OPA-15, OPA-18, OPA-19, OPC-03, OPC-10, OPC-12, OPC-17, and OPN-14. Based on the RAPD markers, a dendrogram was constructed using the UPGMA method.The range of genetic distance was from 0.18-0.45.The molecular dara grouped the genotypes into three main clusters.