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Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Selama preparasi kemomekanis, umumnya terjadi ekstrusi debri ke periapeks yang dapat memicu respon inflamasi dan memperlambat penyembuhan jaringan periapeks. ProTaper® dilaporkan menyebabkan banyak esktrusi debri, dan belum ada data mengenai ekstrusi debri oleh generasi barunya, ProTaper Next® Tujuan: Menganalisis jumlah ekstrusi debri pada gigi yang dipreparasi dengan ProTaper® dan ProTaper Next®. Metode: Enam puluh gigi premolar dibagi dalam dua kelompok (kelompok ProTaper® dan ProTaper Next®) sama besar. Ekstrusi debri pada preparasi ditampung dalam tabung, dan perbedaan berat tabung sebelum preparasi dan sesudah preparasi merupakan jumlah debri terekstrusi Hasil: kelompok ProTaper® menghasilkan debri lebih banyak daripada kelompok ProTaper Next®. Secara statistik (t-test) perbedaanya bermakna (p<0,005). Kesimpulan: jumlah debri pada preparasi dengan ProTaper Next® lebih sedikit daripada pada preparasi dengan ProTaper. ......Background: debris extrusion during chemomechanical preparation could trigger inflammatory response and delay periapical healing. Instrumentation with ProTaper® is reported to cause significant debris extrusion, while no data available with ProTaper Next®. Objective: to analyze the amount of debris extruded in instrumentation with ProTaper® and ProTaper Next®. Methods: sixty premolars were divided evenly into two groups; the first group was instrumented with ProTaper® and the other one with ProTaper Next®. Debris ekstruded during instrumentation was collected in a bottle and the difference between the weight of the bottle before and after intrumentation was considered as the amount of debris extrusion. Results: debris extrusion by instrumentation with ProTaper® was greater than instrumentation with ProTaper Next®, and statistically significant (t-test, p<0,005). Conclusion: the amount of debris extrusion produced by ProTaper Next® was less than produced by ProTaper®

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ABSTRAK
Saat ini non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) merupakan penyebab terbanyak dari penyakit kronik hati pada anak dan dewasa. Penelitian terbaru memperlihatkan chemerin yang merupakan salah satu zat yang diproduksi oleh jaringan lemak memiliki andil penting pada NAFLD. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan kadar chemerin dalam darah dibandingkan enzim transaminase dalam mendeteksi secara dini kerusakan sel hati karena non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pada anak dengan obesitas. Penelitian deskriptif potong lintang (n=57) dilakukan pada 2 buah sekolah di Jakarta pada anak usia 9-12 tahun dengan obesitas. Anak yang masuk kriteria penelitian dilakukan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi hati untuk mendeteksi perlemakan hati. Kedua kelompok tersebut sama sama dilakukan pemeriksan kadar enzim transaminase dan chemerin darah. Hasil dari penelitian ini di dapatkan nilai rerata chemerin pada anak yang menderita NAFLD sebesar 96,71 ng/ml sedangkan yang tidak menderita NAFLD sebesar 92,8 ng/ml dengan P= 0,463. Hal ini menunjukkan nilai rerata anak dengan NAFLD dibandingkan dengan anak tanpa NAFLD tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan pula bahwa pemeriksaan chemerin darah memiliki nilai AUC 0,52 dimana nilainya lebih rendah dibandingkan nilai AUC pemeriksaan SGOT dan SGPT yakni 0,81 dan 0,90. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa kadar chemerin darah tidak dapat menjadi prediktor yang lebih baik untuk mendeteksi perlemakan hati dibandingkan pemeriksaan kadar SGOT dan SGPT pada penelitian ini. Manfaat chemerin sebagai prediktor kelainan hati pada anak dengan obesitas perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. ABSTRACT
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common cause of chronic liver disease in both adults and children. Current studies have shown that chemerin, one of the biologically active substance produced by fat tissue, may have an important role in the progression of NAFLD. The aim of this research was to study whether chemerin is able to predict liver abnormalities due to NAFLD in obese children better than serum transaminases. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 57 obese subjects 9-12 years of age at 2 elementary schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. Liver ultrasound was performed in eligible subjects to detect fatty liver, along with serum chemerin and serum transaminase tests. Mean chemerin level in NAFLD and non-NAFLD children were 96.71 ng/mL and 92.8 ng/mL (p=0.463), showing no significant difference between serum chemerin level in the NAFLD and non-NAFLD group. The area under the curve (AUC) for serum chemerin was 0.52, lower than the AUC for AST (0.81) and AST (0.90). This shows that serum chemerin is not superior in predicting fatty liver compared to serum transaminase levels in this study. The role of chemerin as a marker to predict liver abnormalities in obese children still needs to be further investigated.;Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common cause of chronic liver disease in both adults and children. Current studies have shown that chemerin, one of the biologically active substance produced by fat tissue, may have an important role in the progression of NAFLD. The aim of this research was to study whether chemerin is able to predict liver abnormalities due to NAFLD in obese children better than serum transaminases. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 57 obese subjects 9-12 years of age at 2 elementary schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. Liver ultrasound was performed in eligible subjects to detect fatty liver, along with serum chemerin and serum transaminase tests. Mean chemerin level in NAFLD and non-NAFLD children were 96.71 ng/mL and 92.8 ng/mL (p=0.463), showing no significant difference between serum chemerin level in the NAFLD and non-NAFLD group. The area under the curve (AUC) for serum chemerin was 0.52, lower than the AUC for AST (0.81) and AST (0.90). This shows that serum chemerin is not superior in predicting fatty liver compared to serum transaminase levels in this study. The role of chemerin as a marker to predict liver abnormalities in obese children still needs to be further investigated.;Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common cause of chronic liver disease in both adults and children. Current studies have shown that chemerin, one of the biologically active substance produced by fat tissue, may have an important role in the progression of NAFLD. The aim of this research was to study whether chemerin is able to predict liver abnormalities due to NAFLD in obese children better than serum transaminases. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 57 obese subjects 9-12 years of age at 2 elementary schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. Liver ultrasound was performed in eligible subjects to detect fatty liver, along with serum chemerin and serum transaminase tests. Mean chemerin level in NAFLD and non-NAFLD children were 96.71 ng/mL and 92.8 ng/mL (p=0.463), showing no significant difference between serum chemerin level in the NAFLD and non-NAFLD group. The area under the curve (AUC) for serum chemerin was 0.52, lower than the AUC for AST (0.81) and AST (0.90). This shows that serum chemerin is not superior in predicting fatty liver compared to serum transaminase levels in this study. The role of chemerin as a marker to predict liver abnormalities in obese children still needs to be further investigated.

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ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Preparasi saluran akar oval memiliki tantangan tersendiri karena bentuknya yang ireguler sehingga file tidak dapat berkontak dengan seluruh dinding. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan luas dinding saluran akar oval yang tidak terpreparasi dengan gerakan sirkumferensial filing. Metode: Tiga puluh dua gigi premolar mandibula diisi tinta cina kemudian dipreparasi menjadi dua kelompok: Mtwo® dan ProTaper Next®. Luas sisa tinta cina dianalisis dengan Adobe Photoshop CS6 dan ImageJ. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kedua kelompok, namun ProTaper Next® meninggalkan area lebih sedikit dibandingkan Mtwo®. Kesimpulan: Mtwo® dan ProTaper Next® tetap meninggalkan area yang tidak terpreparasi pada saluran akar oval.ABSTRACT
Background: Mechanical preparation of oval root canal has its own challenge due to the irregular shape leaving some area uninstrumented. This study compared uninstrumented area of oval root canal with circumferential filing using two different files. Methods: Thirty-two mandibular premolars were dyed with china ink and divided into two groups, Mtwo® and ProTaper Next®. The uninstrumented areas were analized using Adobe Photoshop CS6 and ImageJ. Results: There were no significant difference between two files, thou ProTaper Next® left less uninstrumented areas than Mtwo®. Conclusion: Mtwo® and ProTaper Next® left uninstrumented areas in oval root canal.;Background: Mechanical preparation of oval root canal has its own challenge due to the irregular shape leaving some area uninstrumented. This study compared uninstrumented area of oval root canal with circumferential filing using two different files. Methods: Thirty-two mandibular premolars were dyed with china ink and divided into two groups, Mtwo® and ProTaper Next®. The uninstrumented areas were analized using Adobe Photoshop CS6 and ImageJ. Results: There were no significant difference between two files, thou ProTaper Next® left less uninstrumented areas than Mtwo®. Conclusion: Mtwo® and ProTaper Next® left uninstrumented areas in oval root canal.;Background: Mechanical preparation of oval root canal has its own challenge due to the irregular shape leaving some area uninstrumented. This study compared uninstrumented area of oval root canal with circumferential filing using two different files. Methods: Thirty-two mandibular premolars were dyed with china ink and divided into two groups, Mtwo® and ProTaper Next®. The uninstrumented areas were analized using Adobe Photoshop CS6 and ImageJ. Results: There were no significant difference between two files, thou ProTaper Next® left less uninstrumented areas than Mtwo®. Conclusion: Mtwo® and ProTaper Next® left uninstrumented areas in oval root canal.;Background: Mechanical preparation of oval root canal has its own challenge due to the irregular shape leaving some area uninstrumented. This study compared uninstrumented area of oval root canal with circumferential filing using two different files. Methods: Thirty-two mandibular premolars were dyed with china ink and divided into two groups, Mtwo® and ProTaper Next®. The uninstrumented areas were analized using Adobe Photoshop CS6 and ImageJ. Results: There were no significant difference between two files, thou ProTaper Next® left less uninstrumented areas than Mtwo®. Conclusion: Mtwo® and ProTaper Next® left uninstrumented areas in oval root canal.