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"Indonesia is the second largest supplier of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone 1931) in the USA market. Hence, the need for its sustainable production and improved growth. Probiotics, among others, are known for their growth enhancing attributes. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of powder and liquid probiotics on the growth of white shrimps at the Minaloka Jaya shrimp ponds, Grabag District, Purwerojo Regency, Central Java. The shrimps were cultivated for 60 days and applied with three probiotic treatments, namely commercial liquid probiotics with dosage of 10 mL/kg feed, powder probiotics with dosage of 10 g/kg feed and liquid probiotic with dosage of 10 mL/kg feed. Each probiotic preparation was administered four times a day to over 150,000 vannamei shrimps which were cultured in a semi-intensive system. Probiotics in powder and liquid forms contain Lactobacillus fermentum, L acidophilus, L. plantarum, L, curvatus, Bacillus licheniformis, B. subtilis, and B. polimyxa. B. megaterium, B. coagulans, Pseudomonasputida, Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrobacter sp. Using the Randomized Block Design (RBD), the three treatments were replicated five times. The application of probiotics in both powder and liquid forms had increased the growth yield of the vannamei shrimp. However, the powder probiotic had shown better growth performance than the commercial liquid probiotics and liquid preparation of probiotics. Probiotic powder form provides a specific growth rate (SGR) of 8.18%, absolute body length of 9.68 cm, absolute biomass of 6.78 g, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.93."

"S.mutans dikatakan sebagai salah satu penyebab utama karies. Bakteri ini dinyatakan sebagai bakteri pertama yang dapat melekat dan berkoloni pada permukaan gigi dan menyebabkan plak terbentuk secara terus menerus, dan terjadinya penurunan pH plak. Probiotik adalah suatu mikroorganisme hidup yang apabila dipergunakan dalam jumlah yang cukup, memberikan manfaat kesehatan bagi host. Berdasarkan berbagai penelitian, berbagai produk probiotik dapat mempengaruhi bakteri-bakteri penyebab karies gigi, terutama S.mutans. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan jumlah koloni S.mutans dalam plak anak sebelum dan sesudah kumur minuman probiotik. Pengambilan sampel plak dilakukan terhadap 13 subyek dan dilakukan pertama kali yaitu sebelum memulai kumur minuman probiotik. Setelah itu subyek diinstruksikan untuk kumur minuman probiotik selama 7 hari dan pada saat hari ke 3 dan ke 7 kumur minuman probiotik sampel plak diambil kembali. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan penurunan jumlah koloni S.mutans dari sebelum kumur minuman probiotik, kemudian pada hari ke 3 kumur, hingga setelah kumur minuman probiotik selama 7 hari. Hasil perhitungan statistik menunjukkan bahwa kumur minuman probiotik selama 3 dan 7 hari dapat menurunkan jumlah koloni S.mutans dalam plak gigi anak secara bermakna dibanding dengan sebelum kumur (p = 0,001).

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S.mutans is said as one of the major etiology of caries. This bactery is said to be the first bactery that sticked and colonized on the tooth surface and caused the continuity of plaque formation, also the decrease of plaque?s pH. Probiotic is living microorganisms that, if used in adequate amount, will give health benefits to the host. Based on previous researches, various products of probiotic can influence caries etiology bacterias, especially S.mutans. The aim of this study is to know the differences of S.mutans colonization total amount before and after rinsing with probiotic drink. The plaque samples were first taken from 13 subjects before starting the probiotic oral rinse. After that subjects were instructed to rinse with probiotic drink for 7 days, and then in the 3rd and 7th days of rinsing, the plaque samples were taken again. The study showed that after 7 days rinsing with probiotic drink, the total amount of S.mutans colonization was found decreasing on the 3rd day and continued to the 7th day. Statistic count showed that rinsing with probiotic drinks for 3 and 7 days can make a significant difference on the amount of S.mutans colonization than before rinsing (p = 0,001)."

"National corn demand continues to increase every year, either for food, feed and industrial raw materials.To meet this requirement forced to do import corn because the results at the farm level is still low. One is notapplying technological innovation and resource integrated crop management (ICM). Then in an effort to increasecorn production as well need to use the local probiotic microbes allow. This study aims to determine the extent towhich the results of applying maize crop management and integrated resource ( ICM - maize) equipped with LocalProbiotic Microbial fertilizer. The assessment was conducted in the village Cicurug, Majalengka Subdistricts,District Majalengka. The study used a Randomized Block Design Complete (RCBD), four treatments with sixreplications. For the treatment of local administration of probiotic microbes, the dose of 3 l ha-1 Agri Simba, thedose of 3 l ha-1 Agri Simba + 1.500 g of urea, the dose of 6 l ha-1 Agri Simba, and a dose of 6 l ha-1 Agri Simba +3.000 g of urea. The results of the study showed that administration of probiotic microbes local (Agri Simba) hassignificant effect on growth, yield components and yield of hybrid maize varieties P-21. Yield dried shelled beanshighest achieved by the provision of local probiotic microba in the dose 6 l ha-1 + 3.000 g Agri Simba urea was12.20 t ha-1. The results obtained at the lowest dose of 3 l ha-1 Agri Simba around 8.73 t ha-1. Component resultssupport the results of the P-21 hybrid maize is a heavy cob, number of rows per ear and weight of 100 grains .Kebutuhan jagung nasional terus meningkat setiap tahun, baik untuk pangan, pakan maupun bahan bakuindustri. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ini terpaksa melakukan impor jagung karena hasil di tingkat petani masihrendah. Salah satu penyebanya adalah belum optimal penerapan inovasi teknologi pengelolaan tanaman dansumberdaya terpadu (PTT). Dalam upaya peningkatan produksi jagung diperlukan juga penggunaan mikrobaprobiotik lokal. Pengkajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana hasil jagung yang menerapkanpengelolaan tanaman dan sumberdaya terpadu (PTT-jagung) yang dilengkapi dengan pemberian pupuk MikrobaProbiaik Lokal. Pengkajian iji dilaksanakan di desa Cicurug, kecamatan Majalengka, kabupaten Majalengka padaMK II. Kajian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK), empat perlakuan dengan enam ulangan.Sebagai perlakuan pemberian mikroba probiotik lokal yaitu, takaran 3 l/ha Agri Simba, takaran 3 l/ha Agri Simba+ 1.500 g Urea, takaran 6 l/ha Agri Simba, dan takaran 6 l/ha Agri Simba + 3.000 g Urea. Hasil kajian menunjukkanbahwa pemberian mikroba probiotik lokal (Agri Simba) berpengaruh nyata pada pertumbuhan, komponen hasildan hasil jagung varietas hibrida P-21.Hasil pipilan biji kering tertinggi dicapai oleh pemberian mikroba probiotiklokal pada takaran 6 l/ha Agri Simba + 3.000 g Urea sebesar 12,20 t/ha. Hasil terendah diperoleh pada takaran 3l/ha Agri Simba sekitar 8,73 t/ha."

"ABSTRAKPasien infarct myocard yang menjalani rawat inap beresiko untuk mengalamikonstipasi akibat dari bedrest. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengetahui pengaruhminuman probiotik terhadap pencegahan konstipasi pada pasien infarct myocard.Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Quasi eksperimental post test only nonequivalent control group, yaitu membandingkan perbedaan pola eliminasidefekasi antara kelompok kontrol dan intervensi. Jumlah sampel 48 orang yangterbagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu 24 responden pada kelompok kontrol dan 24responden pada kelompok intervensi. Hasil uji t- independen menunjukkan adaperbedaan yang signifikan skor defekasi antara kelompok kontrol dan intervensi,artinya ada pengaruh minuman probiotik terhadap pencegahan konstipasi padapasien infarct myocard (p value = 0,001; α = 0.05). Hasil penelitian ini dapatdigunakan sebagai sumber informasi dan bahan pertimbangan bagi perawat saatmemberikan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien khususnya pasien infarct myocardyang menjalani rawat inap untuk menjaga keteraturan pola eliminasi defekasi

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ABSTRACTInpatients of myocardial infarction are at risk for constipation as resulting frombed rest. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of probiotic drinks toprevent constipation toward patients with myocardial infarction at Gatot SubrotoArmy Hospital in Jakarta. This research uses quasi experimental posttest onlynon-equivalent control group design, which compares the differences ofelimination defecation patterns between control and intervention groups. Thenumber of sample is 48 people, divided into 2 groups, i.e. 24 respondents in thecontrol group and 24 respondents in the intervention group. Independent t-testresults showed significant difference defecation scores between the control andintervention groups, meaning that there is the effect of giving probiotic drink toprevent constipation in patients with myocardial infarction (p value = 0.001; α =0.05). The results of this research can be used as a source of information andconsideration for the nurses when providing nursing care in myocardial infarctionpatients, especially patients who undergo hospitalization to maintain regularity ofelimination defecation patterns."

"Diarrheal disease remains an important public health problem in developing countries (Black, 1993) and is enormously associated with one-fourth of all deaths in children less than 5 years in developing countries (Richards et. at, 1993). Despite a remarkable declining in mortality rate, the morbidity rate of acute diarrhea of under five children is still fairly high (Murray, 1992). Alarcon et. al. (1991) reported that each year, diarrheal disease causes approximately more than 1 billion episodes of illness. Therefore, the reported attack rates range from 1 to 12 episodes per child per year with a global average of 3 episodes per child (Richards et. al, 1993) and nearly 5 millions deaths worldwide in children less than 5 years (Shamir, 1998). In Indonesia, the incidence of diarrhea is accounted for up to 200-400 per 1000 population per year; 60-80% of them are under five, mostly infants (Lubis, 1992). Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute diarrheal disease in infants. It is the most commonly identified enter pathogens for infants who admitted to hospital in the USA and many other countries (Saavedra et. al., 1994) included Indonesia, (Soenarto, 1997). In USA accounts for up to 50% of the cases of children hospitalized with diarrhea and dehydration (Cohen, 1991) and is responsible for approximately 1 million cases of severe infantile diarrhea and up to 150 deaths annually (Guarino et.al.,1994). In Indonesia accounts for up to 16% of childhood diarrhea in urban area of North Jakarta and 19-40% of chldhood diarrhea age 0-36 months in Bandung, West Java (Yuwono, 1993). The incidence of diarrheal disease is higher and the severity of the illness is greater in infants than in older children and adults. Several major factors become predisposed to an increased frequency of diarrheal diseases in infants are increased fecal-oral contamination and infants have a relatively unchallenged immune system that has not previously been exposed to many pathogens and has not acquired protective antibodies. Immune system tolerance of life to some polysaccharide antigens in the first year may diminish the infant's ability to defend against intestinal infections (Cohen, 1991). Non-breastfed infants are at greater age of experiencing diarrhea than those who are partially breast-fed, however infants who are partially breast-fed are at greater risk than those who are exclusively breast-fed (Lubis, 1992). The global diarrheal disease control programs have concentrated almost exclusively on the prevention and treatment of dehydration by promoting appropriate fluid and electrolyte therapy, such as increased of oral rehydration solution-ORS (Alarcon, et. al, 1991). ORS has been considered by World Health Organization as the cornerstone of global efforts to reduce mortality from acute diarrhea (Richards et. al, 1993; Behrens, 1993). Until recently, however, more attention has been directed to the nutritional complications of diarrhea (Alarcon, et. al, 1991)."

"Fungi are eukaryotic microorganism, produce spores, have no chlorophyl, obtain nutrition by absorbing, reproduce sexsually and asexually, have somatic structure in hifa shape and have cell wall made of chitin and cellulose..."

"Latar belakang: Laparotomi merupakan teknik operasi untuk membuka akses kavitas peritoneum dengan membentuk sayatan terbuka di area abdomen. Cedera mukosa akibat trauma pembedahan mengganggu homeostasis epitel, merusak ekosistem mikrobiom, meningkatkan produksi sitokin proinflamasi dan berkaitan dengan kejadian komplikasi pascaoperatif. Probiotik Lactobacillus acidophillus memperkuat sawar usus, mempertahankan ekosistem mikrobiom dan berpotensi memodulasi respon imun. Namun, belum terdapat penelitian mengenai dampak pemberian Lactobacillus acidophilus terhadap kadar c-reactive protein (CRP) pascalaparotomi gastrointestinal sebagai penanda inflamasiTujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak pemberian Lactobacillus acidophilus terhadap kadar CRP pascalaparotomi gastrointestinalMetode: Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis acak tersamar ganda. Sebanyak 56 subjek yang akan menjalani operasi laparotomi gastrointestinal dimasukkan ke dalam penelitian. Subjek penelitian diberikan kapsul probiotik Lactobacillus acidophilus 109 (kelompok probiotik) atau diberikan kapsul laktosa (kelompok plasebo) selama 3 hari sebelum operasi. Kadar CRP diukur 3 hari sebelum prosedur dan 3 hari sesudah prosedur.Hasil: Lima puluh enam subjek dengan 28 subjek pada tiap kelompok, mengikuti penelitian hingga selesai. Pada hari ketiga pascaoperatif, probiotik secara efektif menurunkan peningkatan respon inflamasi dengan nilai akhir CRP pada kelompok probiotik lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok plasebo (median probiotik 89,65 mg/L vs. plasebo 204 mg/L, p < 0,001). Perubahan peningkatan nilai CRP lebih rendah pada kelompok probiotik dibandingkan kelompok plasebo (median probiotik 84,8 mg/L vs. plasebo 187,6 mg/L, p < 0,001). Terdapat efek samping yang signifikan (mual, diare, muntah dan rasa kembung di perut) pada kelompok probiotik selama penelitian (p = 0,04).Simpulan: Pemberian probiotik preoperatif menurunkan secara signifikan peningkatan CRP pada pasien pascalaparotomi gastrointestinal

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Background: Laparotomy is a surgical technique to open access to the peritoneal cavity by forming an open incision in the abdominal area. Mucosal injury due to surgical trauma can disrupt epithelial homeostasis, impair the microbiome ecosystem, increase the production of proinflammatory cytokines and relating to the incidence of postoperative complications. Lactobacillus acidophillus probiotic administration improve the intestinal barrier function, maintains the microbiome ecosystem and potentially modulate immune responses. However, there has been no research on the impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus administration on C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels after gastrointestinal laparotomy as a marker of inflammation.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus on CRP levels after gastrointestinal laparotomy

Methods: This study is a randomized controlled trial. Fifty six subjects scheduled gastrointestinal laparotomy surgery were enrolled. Subjects received Lactobacillus acidophilus 109 probiotic capsules (probiotic group) or lactose capsules (placebo group) for 3 days before surgery. CRP levels were measured 3 days before the procedure and 3 days after the procedure.

Results: Fifty-six subjects with 28 subjects in each group completed the study. On the third postoperative day, probiotics effectively suppressed the elevating inflammatory response with the final CRP value in the probiotic group lower than the placebo group (median probiotic 89.65 mg/L vs. placebo 204 mg/L, p < 0.001). Elevated CRP values ​​were lower in the probiotic group than in the placebo group (median probiotic 84.8 mg/L vs. placebo 187.6 mg/L, p < 0.001). There was a significant side effects (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and bloating) in the probiotic group during study (p = 0.04).

Conclusions: Preoperative probiotic administration significantly reduced elevated CRP in patients After Undergoing Gastrointestinal Laporotomy."

"Salah satu faktor eksternal yang berpotensi terhadap eutrofikasi perairan adalahberkaitan dengan sisa pakan dari aktivitas budidaya keramba jaring apung. Suatu upaya perlu dilakukan dengan alternatif penggunaan pakan ikan yang efektif di Waduk Wadaslintang. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengujiefektifitas pengaruh pakan fermentasidengan penambahan probiotik terhadap pertumbuhan ikan nilaGiftdi keramba jaring apung. Dilakukan percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan, yaitu: (A) pakan komersial(protein 24%),(B) pakan komersial(protein 24%)dengan penambahan probiotik MEP + , (C) pakan fermentasi (protein 21%), dan (D) pakan fermentasi (protein 21%) dengan penambahan probiotik MEP +. Percobaan dilakukan pada bulan Mei hingga September 2009, selama 70 hari. Efektifitas pakan dilakukandengan menghitung selisih nilai konversi pakan pada perlakuan yang diuji.Data pertumbuhan dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam. Hasil percobaanmenunjukkan perlakuan (B) didapatkan nilai konversi pakan yang terbaik, diikuti perlakuan (D), (A), dan (C). Hasil juga menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan (D) mampumengungguli perlakuan (A)dengan efektifitas sebesar 0,06. Hal ini didukung dengan populasi bakteri asam laktat yang meningkat pada usus ikan pada perlakuan pemberian MEP +. Pakan fermentasi dengan pemberian MEP +cukup baik diterapkan pada budidayaikan dan berpotensi menekan potensi eutrofikasiperairan waduk"

"The porpuse of the experiment were to get dilution level and storage time on probiotic carrot juice drink-type dadih exactly to produce high quality probiotic product and the number of bacterial cell...."

"Probiotic food is (Food/drink beverage) as content probiotic batteries that can give health effect...."