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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Dalam konsep pertumbuhan ekonomi yang pro-poor, pertumbuhan yang disertai dengan pemerataan pendapatan akan mempercepat proses pengentasan kemiskinan. Dengan menggunakan data survey pengeluaran rumah tangga dan berbagai indikator ekonomi, penelitian ini akan menguji apakah pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia pada periode 2005 sampai dengan 2013 dapat dikategorikan sebagai pertumbuhan yang pro-poor. Penelitian akan menggunakan dua metode, yakni metode Growth Incidence Curve GIC dan metode Pro-Poor Growth Index PPGI . Metode GIC menunjukkan hasil empiris bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi pada periode yang diobservasi tidak bisa dikatakan sebagai pertumbuhan ekonomi yang pro-poor. Kurva GIC memperlihatkan bahwa rumah tangga lsquo;kaya rsquo; justru menikmati peningkatan pengeluaran untuk konsumsi dibanding rumah tangga lsquo;miskin rsquo;.Lebih jauh lagi, ketika menggunakan metode PPGI, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi, ketimpangan, dan interaksi antara pertumbuhan ekonomi dan ketimpangan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kemiskinan di Indonesia. Hasil empiris juga menunjukkan bahwa dari tiga sektor yang diteliti, yakni sektor industri, sektor pertanian, dan sektor jasa; sektor industri berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap upaya pengentasan kemiskinan, sedangkan sektor pertanian justru secara signifikan berkorelasi negatif dengan pengurangan kemiskinan. Sementara itu, sektor jasa tidak terbukti berkontribusi dalam menurunkan angka kemiskinan. Selain itu, uji statistik juga menyatakan bahwa pengeluaran pemerintah di bidang pendidikan dan kesehatan tidak berkontribusi dalam mengurangi kemiskinan.

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ABSTRACT
In the concept of pro poor growth, economic growth accompanied by fair income distribution will accelerate the rate of poverty reduction. By employing extensive data of household expenditures and other economic indicators, the study will examine the performance of economic growth in Indonesia whether it has been pro poor over the period 2005 2013. We employ two methods in this article, Growth Incidence Curve GIC method, and Pro Poor Growth Index PPGI method. By applying the GIC method, our empirical results indicate that economic growth in Indonesia has not been pro poor during the observed period. The curve shows that the highest income population enjoys increased consumption more than the poorest population.Furthermore, PPGI method has revealed that economic growth, inequality, and an interaction term between economic growth and inequality have been significant to influence poverty incidence in Indonesia. Our empirical result also reveals that among manufacturing, agriculture, and services sector it was manufacturing that has successfully reduced the number of the poor, while agriculture unexpectedly had a devastating impact on the number of poor people. The services sector, meanwhile, had not contributed to poverty alleviation. Furthermore, none of the government spending in education and health that significantly contributes to poverty alleviation.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami permasalahan kemiskinan di DKI Jakarta melalui program pemenuhan hak terhadap tingkat kemiskinan dengan mengambil DKI Jakarta sebagai daerah penelitian selama periode 1999 ? 2005. Efektifitas pertumbuhan diukur dengan Growth Incidence Curve. Sementara program penanggulangan kemiskinan diamati melalui metode qualitatif (interview dan FGD) dengan lokasi penelitian, masyarakat miskin yang tinggal di bawah kolong Jembatan Jl. M.T Haryono Cawang Adapun hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan dan program penanggulangan kemiskinan tidak efektif untuk mengurangi kemiskinan. Selain tidak memberi perbaikan hidup bagi masyarakat kelas bawah. Program yang dibangun oleah pemerintah dalam rangka untuk mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan, ternyata tidak dapat diakses oleh masyarak miskin. Hal ini dikarenakan, program berbasis pada regristrasi lokal, sedangkan orang miskin yang berada pada percentil terbawah, tidak terdaftar dalam regristrasi lokal.

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This research attempts to comprehend the poverty problem in DKI Jakarta through right fullfill program toward poverty rate by taking DKI Jakarta as research samples during period 1999 ? 2005. Growth effectiveness is evaluated by Growth Incidence Curve, while poverty settlement program oversees through qualitatif method (inteview and FGD) Meanwhile program penanggulangan poorness is perceived pass by method qualitatif (interview and FGD) with research location, under class society who live in under bridge M.T. Haryono Street, Cawang, East Jakarta. The growth and poverty settlement program is no longer effective in reducing unwelfare society. Since in addition to provide no more living improvement to underclass society, this program which has constructed by goverment in order to undermine poverty rate in which unable to access by poor. It because the program is actually based on local regristration instead the poor that are not listed under percentile of local registration.

Abstrak :
This study aims to measure and analyze inclusive growth rate in Indonesia by using per capita expenditure data from Indonesian population. Inclusiveness of growth is obeserved from growth incidence curve and pro poor growth approach using poverty equivalent growth rate (pegr) method. it also sees the effect of growth and income redistribution on poverty change using decomposition of poverty through shapley value. this research is divided into periods, i.e. 2012-2014 and 2014-2016 by grouping the territory of indonesia into three areas, i.e. java and bali, sumatra and kalimantan island, and eastern indonesia. the result shows that in 2012-2014, the income growth in indonesia is inclusive, while in 2014-2016 its growth is not inclusive yet. this is due to the effect of economic growth still hampered by the effect of income inequality over the years 2014 to 2016.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi dimensi spasial dari pertumbuhan ekonomi, redistribusi, dan pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia selama periode Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (yaitu, dari 2004 hingga 2014 menggunakan metode   dekomposisi kemiskinan, growth incidence curve, dan beberapa indeks pertumbuhan yang pro-poor.  Data yang digunakan berasal  dari Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) tahunan yang diadakan di Indonesia antara tahun 2004 dan 2014. Tesis ini menyajikan tiga wawasan ekonomi utama selama periode Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono: 1) insiden kemiskinan menurun secara signifikan antara tahun 2004 dan 2014, 2 ) pertumbuhan ekonomi yang terjadi selama periode ini umumnya tidak berpihak pada orang miskin, dibuktikan dengan kurva insiden pertumbuhan yang miring ke atas, dan 3) perbedaan regional ada dalam bentuk kurva insiden pertumbuhan; karena itu pro-poor pertumbuhan ekonomi bervariasi antar provinsi. Dengan menggunakan sistem klasifikasi yang dilakukan oleh Kakwani dan Pernia (2000), penulis mengklasifikasikan provinsi ke dalam lima kelompok berikut ini sehubungan dengan pro-poor growth index (PPGI). Hasil empiris  mendukung pertumbuhan yang berpihak pada penduduk miskin. Namun, beberapa provinsi seperti Maluku Utara, Gorontalo dan Bengkulu mengalami pertumbuhan untuk non-pro-poor  dan  pro-poor yang lemah. Untuk mempromosikan pertumbuhan yang berpihak pada penduduk miskin di semua provinsi, dukungan pemerintah dalam pembangunan infrastruktur dan sumber daya manusia sangat penting untuk provinsi-provinsi yang tertinggal tersebut.

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ABSTRACT

 

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This thesis explores the spatial dimensions of economic growth, redistribution, and poverty reduction in Indonesia during the Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono period (i.e., from 2004 to 2014) using the poverty decomposition method, the growth incidence curve, and several pro-poor growth indices. I gathered my data from the annual National Socio-economic Surveys conducted in Indonesia between 2004 and 2014. Analyzing this data, my thesis presents three key economic insights about the Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono period:1) poverty incidence significantly declined between 2004 and 2014, 2) the economic growth that occurred during this period was generally not pro-poor, made evident by an upward sloping growth incidence curve, and 3) regional differences exist in the shape of the growth incidence curve; the pro-poorness of economic growth therefore varies between provinces. Using the classification system proposed by Kakwani and Pernia (2000), I classify provinces into the following five groups with respect to their pro-poor growth index (PPGI). Our empirical results support the pro-poor growth in a nation. However, some provinces such as North Maluku, Gorontalo and Bengkulu experienced non-pro-poor growth and weakly pro-poor. To promote the pro-poor growth in all provinces, the governmental supports in infrastructure and human capital development are essential for the above lagged provinces.

 

Abstrak :
[Selain menghadapi permasalahan kemiskinan, Indonesia juga dihadapkan pada dua tantangan mendasar yang saling terkait yakni bagaimana mempertahankan tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi dan mengurangi kesenjangan distribusi pendapatan. Dalam menghadapi berbagai hal tersebut, Pemerintah telah mengimplementasikan kebijakan redistribusi melalui strategi pertumbuhan yang inklusif dengan menyalurkan pengeluaran sosial dalam bentuk belanja bantuan sosial dan Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS). Akan tetapi, belum banyak bukti empiris yang dapat menjelaskan dampak pengeluaran sosial terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Selain itu, belum dapat dibuktikan apakah pengeluaran sosial yang disalurkan oleh pemerintah Indonesia dapat dikategorikan sebagai strategi pertumbuhan yang pro-poor dan inklusif. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh belanja bantuan sosial dan Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di 33 provinsi di Indonesia tahun 2006-2012 menggunakan alat analisis regresi dengan Fixed Effect Model. Setelah mengetahui jenis pengeluaran sosial yang dapat mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi, selanjutnya penelitian ini akan mengidentifikasi apakah pengeluaran sosial tersebut dapat dikategorikan sebagai instrumen pertumbuhan yang pro-poor dan inklusif dalam kaitannya dengan pengurangan kemiskinan dan pembangunan manusia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hanya Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) yang secara statistik berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) dapat dikategorikan sebagai instrumen pertumbuhan yang pro-poor dan inklusif. ......While battling poverty incidence, Indonesia is also confronted with two interwoven rudimentary challenges, sustained economic growth fueled with prevalent income inequality. Henceforth, the Government had intervened by executing redistributive policy through the inclusive growth strategy by social expenditures provision in the form of social assistance spending and education support spending (BOS Program). Nonetheless, little has been proven empirically concerning the effect of social expenditures to economic growth and whether such spending can be categorized as pro-poor growth and inclusive growth strategy in the Indonesian context. Against this backdrop, this paper attempts to shed a light in this area by employing regression analysis through the Fixed Effect Model to investigate the effect of social assistance spending and education support spending (BOS Program) to economic growth in 33 Indonesian provinces from 2006-2012. After identifying the type of social spending which is able to stimulate economic growth, this paper then tries to determine whether such social spending can be categorized as pro-poor growth and inclusive growth instrument in the context of its efficacy on poverty alleviation and human development improvement respectively. The result suggests that only education support spending (BOS Program) that statistically significant in uplifting economic growth level. Furthermore, closer investigation indicates that this particular spending can be classified both as pro-poor growth and inclusive growth instrument.;While battling poverty incidence, Indonesia is also confronted with two interwoven rudimentary challenges, sustained economic growth fueled with prevalent income inequality. Henceforth, the Government had intervened by executing redistributive policy through the inclusive growth strategy by social expenditures provision in the form of social assistance spending and education support spending (BOS Program). Nonetheless, little has been proven empirically concerning the effect of social expenditures to economic growth and whether such spending can be categorized as pro-poor growth and inclusive growth strategy in the Indonesian context. Against this backdrop, this paper attempts to shed a light in this area by employing regression analysis through the Fixed Effect Model to investigate the effect of social assistance spending and education support spending (BOS Program) to economic growth in 33 Indonesian provinces from 2006-2012. After identifying the type of social spending which is able to stimulate economic growth, this paper then tries to determine whether such social spending can be categorized as pro-poor growth and inclusive growth instrument in the context of its efficacy on poverty alleviation and human development improvement respectively. The result suggests that only education support spending (BOS Program) that statistically significant in uplifting economic growth level. Furthermore, closer investigation indicates that this particular spending can be classified both as pro-poor growth and inclusive growth instrument, While battling poverty incidence, Indonesia is also confronted with two interwoven rudimentary challenges, sustained economic growth fueled with prevalent income inequality. Henceforth, the Government had intervened by executing redistributive policy through the inclusive growth strategy by social expenditures provision in the form of social assistance spending and education support spending (BOS Program). Nonetheless, little has been proven empirically concerning the effect of social expenditures to economic growth and whether such spending can be categorized as pro-poor growth and inclusive growth strategy in the Indonesian context. Against this backdrop, this paper attempts to shed a light in this area by employing regression analysis through the Fixed Effect Model to investigate the effect of social assistance spending and education support spending (BOS Program) to economic growth in 33 Indonesian provinces from 2006-2012. After identifying the type of social spending which is able to stimulate economic growth, this paper then tries to determine whether such social spending can be categorized as pro-poor growth and inclusive growth instrument in the context of its efficacy on poverty alleviation and human development improvement respectively. The result suggests that only education support spending (BOS Program) that statistically significant in uplifting economic growth level. Furthermore, closer investigation indicates that this particular spending can be classified both as pro-poor growth and inclusive growth instrument]