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"mengnai hukum dan tindak hukum."

"Skripsi ini membahas ketentuan di Indonesia tentang bergabungnya sebuah pihak ketiga yang bukan merupakan pihak dari perjanjian arbitrase dalam sebuah proses arbitrase beserta analisis yuridis terhadap pandangan majelis hakim di Mahkamah Agung dalam Putusan Mahkamah Agung No. 367.K/Pdt.Sus-Arbt/2013. Dalam tulisan ini digunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan studi kepustakaan.Hasil penelitian yang ditemukan adalah bahwa pengaturan dalam hukum positif Indonesia tentang penggabungan pihak ketiga benar ada dan berlaku, dan sesuai dengan asas-asas dalam hukum perdata dan arbitrase pada umumnya. Namun, lembaga peradilan di Indonesia masih gagal dalam mengakui dan menerapkan peraturan ini. Hal ini dapat dilihat dalam putusan Mahkamah Agung dalam kasus antara PT. Royal Industries Indonesia melawan PT Identrust Security Internasional dan PT. Komoditi dan Derivatif Indonesia mengenai arbitrase di lembaga Badan Arbitrase Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi, dimana sebuah pihak ketiga yang telah sah bergabung dalam suatu proses arbitrase menurut Undang-Undang No. 30 Tahun 1999 tidak diakui penggabungannya oleh majelis hakim di Mahkamah Agung.

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This paper analyzes the positive law in Indonesia regarding the joinder of a third party originally not a party to an arbitration agreement to an arbitration process and the view of a panel of judges in the Indonesian Supreme Court in Supreme Court Decision No. No. 367.K/Pdt.Sus-Arbt/2013. This paper uses the juridical-normative research method with literature studies.

From the resulting research, it is concluded that the regulation regarding joinder of a third party in Arbitration in Indonesia truly valid and exists, and this part of the regulation is consistent with the applicable principles of private law and arbitration in general. However, the Indonesian judicial body fails in upholding these principles. This can be seen in the Indonesian Supreme Court decision in the case between PT. Royal Industries Indonesia against PT. Identrust Security International and PT. Komoditi dan Derivatif Indonesia regarding an arbitration held before Badan Arbitrase Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi, where a third party validly joining an arbitration process satisfying the requirements in Law No. 30 Year 1999 was not recognized by the Indonesian Supreme Court."

"Penelitian ini membahas aspek hukum perdata internasional terkait perkawinan pengungsi Rohingya di Indonesia. Sebagai negara transit yang tidak meratifikasi Konvensi Pengungsi 1951 dan Protokol 1967, sulit bagi Indonesia untuk mencatatkan perkawinan yang melibatkan perkawinan pengungsi Rohingya, baik dengan WNI maupun dengan sesama pengungsi. Padahal, mereka pun berhak untuk menikah dan membentuk keluarga sebagaimana dijamin dalam Pasal 16 Deklarasi Universal Hak Asasi Manusia. Melalui metode pendekatan doktrinal, permasalahan ini dianalisis berdasarkan Undang-Undang Perkawinan, Undang-Undang Administrasi Kependudukan, Undang-Undang Kewarganegaraan Republik Indonesia, dan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 9 Tahun 1975. Selain itu, Rancangan Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata Internasional digunakan juga sebagai comunis opinio doctorum. Penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana status Rohingya sebagai pengungsi dan apatride menjadi hambatan dalam mencatatakan perkawinannya. Hal tersebut berimplikasi pada ketidakabsahan perkawinan dan maraknya praktik nikah siri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan prinsip lex loci celebrationis dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengatasi konflik hukum ini. Penelitian ini pun merekomendasikan penerbitan surat peristiwa penting yang secara resmi menerangkan perkawinan antar sesama pengungsi Rohingya yang tidak dapat diabsahkan. Selain itu, terhadap perkawinan antara pengungsi Rohingya dan warga negara Indonesia, direkomendasikan pula pewarganegaraan untuk menjamin hak-hak asasi mereka sebagai manusia.

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The following research discusses international private law aspects related to the marriage of Rohingya refugees in Indonesia, particularly due to the legal vois in regulating their personal status. As a transit country that has not ratified the 1951 Refugee Convention and the 1967 Protocol, refugees are not officially recognized as legal subjects by Indonesia. However, they have the right to marry and form families, as guaranteed in Article 16 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Using a doctrinal approach, this issue will be analyzed based on the Marriage Law, Population Administration Law, Indonesian Citizenship Law, and Presidential Regulation No. 9 of 1975. Additionally, the draft of the International Private Law Bill will also be used as a communis opinio doctorum. This research further analyzes how the Rohingya’s status as refugees and stateless persons prevents them from obtaining the necessary documents to register their marriages, which impacts their civil family rights being deemed invalid. This legal gap leads to difficulties in recognizing marriages between Rohingya refugees and Indonesian citizens as mixed marriages, while marriages among refugees fail to meet the criteria for being recognized as legal foreigner marriages under the Population Administration Law. This research concludes that applying the lex loci celebrationis principle could resolve this legal conflict. It recommends issuing an official certificate to document marriages between Rohingya refugees that cannot be legalized. Additionally, it suggests granting citizenship or using refugee documentation as a substitute for citizenship documents to guarantee their human rights."

"Penulisan skripsi ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis-normatif dengan menggunakan sumber data sekunder. Pokok permasalahan dalam skripsi ini adalah perbandingan hukum dalam hal pengaturan perjanjian kerja yang dibatasi pada ruang lingkup pengertian, dasar hukum, unsur-unsur, asas-asas, syarat sah, jenis perjanjian kerja, berakhirnya perjanjian kerja dan pengawasan perjanjian kerja antara di Indonesia dan Singapura. Selain itu, pokok permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat sejauh mana intervensi negara mengatur perjanjian kerja yang sifatnya perdata dan berlandaskan asas kebebasan berkontrak di kedua negara. Pengaturan perjanjian kerja di Indonesia, utamanya Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan, lebih spesifik menentukan perjanjian kerja dan membatasi penerapan kebebasan berkontrak. Sementara, pengaturan perjanjian kerja dalam Employment Act mengatur sebatas pada pengertian dan ruang lingkup berlakunya. Penulisan ini menyarankan beberapa wacana masukan bagi perkembangan pengaturan di Indonesia diantaranya pengaturan vicarious liability dan pembatasannya, pengaturan restraint of trade clause dan pembatasannya, dan pengaturan sanksi administratif bagi pelanggaran ketentuan pencatatan perjanjian kerja.

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This research is using the juridical normative method with literatures as secondary data sources. The main issue of this research is comparative law study between Indonesia and Singapore regarding work agreement in the scopes of definition, legal basis, elements, principles, general rules of contract formation, termination of work agreement, and public administrative supervision. Furthermore, another main issue of this research is to identify how do laws and regulations in both countries restrict the application of freedom of contract toward work agreement as private matters. Laws and regulations in Indonesia, ultimately Manpower Law, stipulate and define work agreement more in detail than laws and regulations in Singapore. The Singapore Employment Act exclusively stipulates work agreement limited to definition and the scopes of work agreement. This research suggests the general discourse in a field of work agreement, based on that comparative law study, to improve laws and regulations in Indonesia, more specifically on vicarious liability and its limitations, restraint of trade clause and its limitations, and administrative penalties toward failures that are committed by employers to comply with the provision of work agreement registration."

"Salah satu bidang yang berkembang pesat adalah bidang kesehatan. Kini zaman semakin maju, transplantasi bukanlah hal yang luar biasa. Transplantasi telah menjadi kebutuhan manusia dalam penyembuhan penyakit sehingga tidak salah apabila menjadi salah satu teknik penyembuhan populer di dunia kesehatan. Transplantasi organ dan jaringan tubuh dianggap sebagai tindakan yang sangat terpuji, bahkan dermawan karena dilaksanakan secara gratis dan bersifat nonprofit. Indonesia sebagai negara yang masih menganut pluralisme hukum, memiliki pandangan yang berbeda mengenai transplantasi organ dan jaringan tubuh ditinjau dari segi hukum perdata barat dan hukum Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan permahaman secara jelas serta menelaah lebih jauh tentang hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan transplantasi organ dan jaringan tubuh. Perbandingan ini dapat dianalisis dari segi hukum perdata barat dan hukum Islam. Dari hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat persamaan dan perbedaan yang cukup signifikan mengenai transplantasi organ dan jaringan tubuh dalam hukum perdata barat dan hukum Islam.

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Health is one of the most important things in human’s life. As we can see, people’s health growing rapidly nowadays. Since the health industries has been emerging through the year, tranplantation of human’s bodies are a very common way and it is necessary for people’s health. There are many operation of tranplantation, such as heart or kidney(s) tranplantation to help somebody’s life. The doctors may have to do the tranplantation to curing their patients. Beside with the doctors, some patients wish for health people who want to discordant their organ to help them. For some people, human’s organ or body’s tissues transplantation is reputed as an honorable action because it is done for free and nonprofit. As a country which is still follow a pluralism law, Indonesia has a different side of doing organ transplantation based on west civil law and Islamic law. According to the explanation above, this research’s purposes are to elaborate and give the information about the organ transplantation more clearly and deeply. Thus, this research also shows the comparation about transplantation of human body between west civil law and Islamic Law. As an hypotesa, this research shows that there are some significant similarities and differences about transplantation opinion between west civil law and Islamic Law law."

"Does the law merely contain rules? Or does it also include morality? The debate between H.L.A. Hart and Ronald Dworkin revolved around this very issue. Hart considered the law is nothing more than a set of rules whereas Dworkin believed that the law contains not only the rules but also principles which are morality and justice. This paper is trying to explore the issue of the relationship of law and morality in the context of this debate between Hart and Dworkin. The debate itself is very significant in the study of law. Following their arguments we can learn a lot about how the law should be understood and practiced. By listening to their whole debate we will also know that Hart?s positivistic thought and Dworkin?s tendency towards the natural law are not mutually negating. Hart Positivism is not anti-morality. It is precisely through positivism which he defended Hart aims at safeguarding the law by morality; whereas Dworkin has shown what had previously forgotten by the legal positivistic way of thinking, that is moral principles are integral parts of the law."

"Kepentingan terbaik bagi anak merupakan suatu hal yang paling utama untuk diperhatikan dalam memutuskan segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan anak. Hal ini sesuai dengan prinsip The Best Interest of the Child. Setiap anak memiliki hak untuk diasuh oleh orang tuanya sendiri, kecuali pada kasus-kasus dimana pengasuhan oleh orang tua biologis anak tersebut justru bertentangan dengan prinsip The Best Interest of the Child. Namun, pengasuhan alternatif terhadap seorang anak juga tidak serta merta langsung menjamin prinsip tersebut telah diterapkan secara optimal. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk menentukan apakah pengaturan prinsip The Best Interest of the Child menurut Hukum Perdata Internasional Indonesia telah cukup memadai serta untuk menentukan apakah penerapan dari prinsip ini telah dilaksanakan secara optimal dalam pengangkatan anak antarnegara di Indonesia. Penulisan ini menjelaskan mengenai hak-hak anak yang harus terpenuhi agar prinsip The Best Interest of the Child dapat dikatakan telah diterapkan secara optimal. Lebih lanjut, penulisan ini juga bermaksud untuk menganalisa penerapan dari prinsip The Best Interest of the Child pada tiga studi kasus pengangkatan anak antarnegara di Indonesia, yaitu pada Putusan No. 480/Pdt.P/2016/PN. Jkt. Sel., Penetapan No. 659/Pdt.P/2013/PN. Mlg, dan kasus Engeline di Bali yang merupakan pengangkatan anak secara ilegal. Penulisan ini memberikan gambaran mengenai akibat-akibat yang dapat terjadi jika prinsip The Best Interest of the Child tidak diterapkan secara optimal serta saran mengenai hal-hal yang dapat dilakukan agar prinsip ini dapat diterapkan secara lebih optimal.

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The child's best interest is the most important thing to consider in deciding every matter related to a child. This is in accordance with The Best Interest of the Child principle. Every child has the right to be cared for by their biological parents, except in cases where the care of the child's biological parents is contrary to The Best Interest of the Child principle. However, alternative care for a child also does not necessarily guarantee that this principle has been implemented optimally. This paper aims to determine whether the arrangement of The Best Interest of the Child principle according to Indonesian International Private Law is sufficient and whether this principle has been implemented optimally in intercountry adoption in Indonesia. This paper explains the rights of the child that must be fulfilled to say that The Best Interest of the Child principle has been applied optimally. Furthermore, this paper also analyzes the implementation of The Best Interest of the Child principle in three intercountry adoption cases in Indonesia, namely in Decision No. 480/Pdt.P/2016/PN. Jkt. Sel., Designation No. 659/Pdt.P/2013/PN. Mlg, and the Engeline case in Bali, which was illegal adoption. This paper provides an overview of the consequences that can occur if The Best Interest of the Child principle is not applied optimally and suggestions on things that can be done to ensure that this principle is applied more optimally."