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"ABSTRACTMalpraktik dalam bidang kesehatan, meskipun seringkali digunakan dan disebut dalamkehidupan sehari-hari, secara formal tidak pernah mempunyai definisi yang jelas dantegas. Bahkan dari kalangan ahli hukum maupun ahli kesehatan, penggunaan istilahmalpraktik dalam bidang kesehatan ini masih diperdebatkan. Tesis ini melakukanpenelusuran literatur dan wawancara ahli untuk mencari tahu dan memberikan definisimalpraktik dalam bidang kesehatan. Tesis ini juga mencari tahu kriteria, jenis,penyebab, pembuktian dalam malpraktik, dan pilihan forum penyelesaian sengketamalpraktik dalam bidang kesehatan. Tesis ini memberikan masukan bahwa padadasarnya hubungan dalam pemberian jasa pelayanan kesehatan harus dilihat sebagaihubungan kontraktual.

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ABSTRACTMalpractice in healthcare, eventhough was widely used and spoken in daily life,formally no clear and pricise definition has been made. Even from the point of view oflaw and healthcare expert, the utilisation of malpractice in healthcare term is stilldebatted. This tesis condutcs literatures review and experts interview in order to findout and determine the definition of malpractice in healthcare. This tesis also tries tofind the criteria, kinds, causes, evidence to be used in malpractice suits, and forumselection in settling malpractice disputes in helathcare. This tesis provides input that inprinciple the legal relation in providing medical service shall be seen as contractualrelation. (xiv + 107)"

"Salah satu bidang yang berkembang pesat adalah bidang kesehatan. Kini zaman semakin maju, transplantasi bukanlah hal yang luar biasa. Transplantasi telah menjadi kebutuhan manusia dalam penyembuhan penyakit sehingga tidak salah apabila menjadi salah satu teknik penyembuhan populer di dunia kesehatan. Transplantasi organ dan jaringan tubuh dianggap sebagai tindakan yang sangat terpuji, bahkan dermawan karena dilaksanakan secara gratis dan bersifat nonprofit. Indonesia sebagai negara yang masih menganut pluralisme hukum, memiliki pandangan yang berbeda mengenai transplantasi organ dan jaringan tubuh ditinjau dari segi hukum perdata barat dan hukum Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan permahaman secara jelas serta menelaah lebih jauh tentang hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan transplantasi organ dan jaringan tubuh. Perbandingan ini dapat dianalisis dari segi hukum perdata barat dan hukum Islam. Dari hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat persamaan dan perbedaan yang cukup signifikan mengenai transplantasi organ dan jaringan tubuh dalam hukum perdata barat dan hukum Islam.

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Health is one of the most important things in human’s life. As we can see, people’s health growing rapidly nowadays. Since the health industries has been emerging through the year, tranplantation of human’s bodies are a very common way and it is necessary for people’s health. There are many operation of tranplantation, such as heart or kidney(s) tranplantation to help somebody’s life. The doctors may have to do the tranplantation to curing their patients. Beside with the doctors, some patients wish for health people who want to discordant their organ to help them. For some people, human’s organ or body’s tissues transplantation is reputed as an honorable action because it is done for free and nonprofit. As a country which is still follow a pluralism law, Indonesia has a different side of doing organ transplantation based on west civil law and Islamic law. According to the explanation above, this research’s purposes are to elaborate and give the information about the organ transplantation more clearly and deeply. Thus, this research also shows the comparation about transplantation of human body between west civil law and Islamic Law. As an hypotesa, this research shows that there are some significant similarities and differences about transplantation opinion between west civil law and Islamic Law law."

"Kepentingan terbaik bagi anak merupakan suatu hal yang paling utama untuk diperhatikan dalam memutuskan segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan anak. Hal ini sesuai dengan prinsip The Best Interest of the Child. Setiap anak memiliki hak untuk diasuh oleh orang tuanya sendiri, kecuali pada kasus-kasus dimana pengasuhan oleh orang tua biologis anak tersebut justru bertentangan dengan prinsip The Best Interest of the Child. Namun, pengasuhan alternatif terhadap seorang anak juga tidak serta merta langsung menjamin prinsip tersebut telah diterapkan secara optimal. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk menentukan apakah pengaturan prinsip The Best Interest of the Child menurut Hukum Perdata Internasional Indonesia telah cukup memadai serta untuk menentukan apakah penerapan dari prinsip ini telah dilaksanakan secara optimal dalam pengangkatan anak antarnegara di Indonesia. Penulisan ini menjelaskan mengenai hak-hak anak yang harus terpenuhi agar prinsip The Best Interest of the Child dapat dikatakan telah diterapkan secara optimal. Lebih lanjut, penulisan ini juga bermaksud untuk menganalisa penerapan dari prinsip The Best Interest of the Child pada tiga studi kasus pengangkatan anak antarnegara di Indonesia, yaitu pada Putusan No. 480/Pdt.P/2016/PN. Jkt. Sel., Penetapan No. 659/Pdt.P/2013/PN. Mlg, dan kasus Engeline di Bali yang merupakan pengangkatan anak secara ilegal. Penulisan ini memberikan gambaran mengenai akibat-akibat yang dapat terjadi jika prinsip The Best Interest of the Child tidak diterapkan secara optimal serta saran mengenai hal-hal yang dapat dilakukan agar prinsip ini dapat diterapkan secara lebih optimal.

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The child's best interest is the most important thing to consider in deciding every matter related to a child. This is in accordance with The Best Interest of the Child principle. Every child has the right to be cared for by their biological parents, except in cases where the care of the child's biological parents is contrary to The Best Interest of the Child principle. However, alternative care for a child also does not necessarily guarantee that this principle has been implemented optimally. This paper aims to determine whether the arrangement of The Best Interest of the Child principle according to Indonesian International Private Law is sufficient and whether this principle has been implemented optimally in intercountry adoption in Indonesia. This paper explains the rights of the child that must be fulfilled to say that The Best Interest of the Child principle has been applied optimally. Furthermore, this paper also analyzes the implementation of The Best Interest of the Child principle in three intercountry adoption cases in Indonesia, namely in Decision No. 480/Pdt.P/2016/PN. Jkt. Sel., Designation No. 659/Pdt.P/2013/PN. Mlg, and the Engeline case in Bali, which was illegal adoption. This paper provides an overview of the consequences that can occur if The Best Interest of the Child principle is not applied optimally and suggestions on things that can be done to ensure that this principle is applied more optimally."

"Does the law merely contain rules? Or does it also include morality? The debate between H.L.A. Hart and Ronald Dworkin revolved around this very issue. Hart considered the law is nothing more than a set of rules whereas Dworkin believed that the law contains not only the rules but also principles which are morality and justice. This paper is trying to explore the issue of the relationship of law and morality in the context of this debate between Hart and Dworkin. The debate itself is very significant in the study of law. Following their arguments we can learn a lot about how the law should be understood and practiced. By listening to their whole debate we will also know that Hart?s positivistic thought and Dworkin?s tendency towards the natural law are not mutually negating. Hart Positivism is not anti-morality. It is precisely through positivism which he defended Hart aims at safeguarding the law by morality; whereas Dworkin has shown what had previously forgotten by the legal positivistic way of thinking, that is moral principles are integral parts of the law."