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"In this volume, leading field workers report on the history and infrastructure of their projects in Madagascar, Africa, Asia and South America. More importantly, they provide summaries of their long-term research efforts on primate behaviour, ecology and life history, highlighting insights that were only possible because of the long-term nature of the study. The chapters of this volume collectively outline the many scientific reasons for studying primate behaviour, ecology and demography over multiple generations. "

"Proses urbanisasi berlangsung pesat di kota-kota besar Asia Tenggara khususnya Jakarta. Seperti halnya kota lain di kawasan ini, Jakarta dapat dipandang sebagai "Kota Primata" yang berarti berkembang jauh melampaui kota nomor dua yang terdapat di masyarakat yang bersangkutan, Menarik untuk disimak, kota ini mempunyai ciri sosiologis yang tipikal. Secara anatomis Jakarta merupakan hamparan permukiman penduduk pendatang berpenghasilan rendah yang dikenal sebagai "Kampung" dan mempunyai pusat-pusat yang terbentuk secara historis. Struktur kota seperti ini menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas warga merupakan kalangan "miskin". Banyak diantara mereka pemukim liar atau menempati tanah dengan status tidakjelas, secara politik amat lemah, bekeria di sektor in formal atau bahagian marginal sektor formal. Mereka secara geografis dan okupasional sangat mobile. Oleh karena itu warga tersebut merupakan "urban floating-mass". Melalui migrasi datam kota, mereka membangun hubungan sosial baru dan perumahan secara mandiri ("self-housing project"). Pengadaan perumahan semacam ini menepiskan anggapan bahwa kalangan miskin perkotaan merupakan beban pemerintah kota. Pemerintah selama ini disibukkan dengan kebijakan perumahan seperti program perbaikan dan pembaharuan kampung yang temyata tidak besar manfaatnya karena keliru dalam menafskan kebutuhan warga. Warga tidak memerlukan campur tangan pemehntah seperti pengadaan fiat yang asing bagi mereka. Apa yang diperlukan mereka adalah tiga hal. Pertama, legalisasi pemilikan tanah. Kedua adalah diciptakan mekanisme agar mereka mempunyai saluran politik yang mampu mengontrol agenda politik kota. Ketiga, dilakukan upaya pemberdayaan sosio-ekonomis melalui langkah kebijakan pembangunan sosial yang tepat dan membuka ruang tumbuh subumya organisasi akar rumput demokratis sebagai bibit civil society. Dalam kaitan ini peranan pemerintah lebih bersifat sebagai fasilitator pembangunan."

"The last decade has witnessed remarkable discoveries and advances in our understanding of the tool using behaviour of animals. Wild populations of capuchin monkeys have been observed to crack open nuts with stone tools, similar to the skills of chimpanzees and humans. Corvids have been observed to use and make tools that rival in complexity the behaviours exhibited by the great apes. Excavations of the nut cracking sites of chimpanzees have been dated to around 4-5 thousand years ago. Tool Use in Animals collates these and many more contributions by leading scholars in psychology, biology and anthropology, along with supplementary online materials, into a comprehensive assessment of the cognitive abilities and environmental forces shaping these behaviours in taxa as distantly related as primates and corvids."

"Kepunahan terhadap Kukang terjadi karena dampak negatif yang diciptakan oleh pemelihara Kukang di Instagram. Pemilik Kukang sering mengunggah gambar-gambar hewan peliharaannya melalui instagram. Tindakan tersebut membentuk persepsi publik bahwa Primata Kukang dapat dijadikan hewan peliharaan. Tulisan ini mencoba menganalisis gerakan sosial dari aktivisme akun Instagram Kukangku. Menurut DeLay, gerakan sosial berperan untuk mengedukasi mengenai realitas dengan nilai berbeda dari kecenderungan alamiah yang dominan. Penulis melihat kelangkaan Primata Kukang diakibatkan oleh prilaku dominan manusia. Analisis tulisan ini menggunakan aktivisme media sosial sebagai bentuk edukasi melalui tiga aspek aktivisme media sosial, meliputi; Attack Ideological Enemies, Surveil the Surveillers, Preserve Protest Artefacts. Melalui aktivisme media sosial tersebut menjadi cara yang efektif untuk mengurangi pemeliharaan Kukang di tangan masyarakat.

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The extinction of slow loris is due to the negative impact created by slow loriskeepers in Instagram. Slow lorises owners often upload pictures of their pets through instagram. These actions shape public perception that slow loris can be a pet. This paper attempts to analyze the social movements of `Kukangku` instagram account activism. According to DeLay, social movement plays a role to education about alternate realities with different values than the dominant habitus. The author sees the scarcity of slow loris caused by the dominant human behavior. The analysis of this paper using social media as a form of education through three aspects of social media activism, includes Attack Ideological Enemies, Surveill the Surveillers, Preserve Protest Artefacts. `kukangku` as social media activism be an effective way to reduce pet owner slow loris in society."

"Hasil-hasil investigasi epidemiologi akan sangat membantu para dokter hewan untukmemperoleh informasi dalam penanganan suatu penyakit. Demikian pula investigasi epidemiologi pada manajemen orangutan di Kebun Binatang Ragunan, akan sangat bermanfaat memberikan informasi dan data di dalam menyelenggarakan pengelolaan orangutan di Kebun Binatang Ragunan. Data tingkah laku orangutan di dalam kandang, sistem perkandangan, mutu dan jumlah pakan yang diberikan, catatan tentang status kesehatan, uji tuberkulinasi, hematologi normal, elektrokardiogram normal, kimia klinik normal, prosedur kontrasepsi, kesemuanya ini bisa dipakai di dalam pengelolaan kesehatan orangutan di Kebun Binatang Ragunan. Populasi orangutan kalimantan di alam makin lama makin menurun, antara lain disebabkan oleh perburuan liar. Oleh karena itu bagaimanapun juga usaha reintroduksi harus dilakukan secara berkesinambungan pula. Untuk tujuan itu diperlukan generasi orangutan yang memenuhi sarat untuk di reintroduksikan ke alam. Jadi Kebun Binatang harus mampu menghasilkan generasi orangutan yang sehat, tidak berpenyakit menular, tidak mengidap endoparasit, ektoparasit, serta tetap memiliki sifat-sifat alaminya. Orangutan termasuk anggota kera besar yang mempunyai kantung udara luas dan berkelok-kelok, sehingga memudahkan terjadinya infeksi yang bersifat kronis. Pada umumnya radang kantong udara pada orangutan kalimantan di Kebun Binatang Surabaya dart Kebun Binatang di Luar Negeri kesemuanya bersifat kronis. Dan eksudatnya dapat diisolasi bakteria Pseudomonas aerugenosa, Proteus vulganis, Escherechia coll. Bakteri-bakteri ini pada umurnnya bukan patogen juga terhadap manusia, tetapi pada isolasi kuman dari eksudat radang kantong udara pada orangutan jantan di Kebun Binatang Ragunan juga ditemukan bakteri Streptococcus pneumoniae yang sangat patogen terhadap manusia, satwa liar, hewan ternak dan hewan kesayangan. Bahkan Streptococcus pneumoniae ini bisa menular dari satwa kepada manusia yang disebut zoonosis dan dari manusia ke satwa yang disebut anthropozoonosis. Radang kantong udara pada orangutan Kalimantan di Kebun Binatang Ragunan dan Kebun Binatang Surabaya ini, baru pertama kali dilaporkan di Indonesia. Ditemukannya bakteri Streptococcus pneumoniae di eksudat radang kantong udara pada orangutan di Kebun Binatang Ragunan juga baru pertama kali dilaporkan.

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Kalimantan orangutan ( Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus, Hoppius, 1763) is member of the great ape group which is endemic in Kalimantan island of Indonesia. Its fur color is reddish, dark or light brown. The fur is quite long and dense, especially at the shoulders and arms. Its head rump length (HRL) is approximately 1.25 - 1.5 meters (exceptionally, the HRL might reach 1.8 meters). The average body weight of the female is about 40 kg and of the male is about 75 - 100 kg. The orangutans is highly adapted to an arboreal mode of life, therefore it is considered as the true arboreal member of the great ape group. It explores the jungle of Kalimantan by swinging from branch to another branch of the tree. Its swinging movement is supported by its arms, which are longer and stronger than the arms of the other great apes. Its arms spread is about 2.25 meters. Most of the males have large cheek flanges which consist of fibrous tissue, at the side of the face. The width and length of the cheek flanges mature male is about 10 centimeters and 20 centimeters respectively. It also has a throat sac, which is called "air sac". The sac is extremely developed and can take in several litters of air. Due to the drastic decrease of its in situ population, caused by illegal hunting and other reasons, the orangutan has been considered as an endangered species (IUCN - Appendix I) and its existence has been strictly protected by law (Fauna Protection Ordinance, 1931 - Stbl 134 and 226). Recently, reintroduction program has been considered as an effective approach to conserve the orangutan population in its in situ habitat. This program begins with the breeding program of the orangutan in the captive environment which is a simulated environment of its native habitat. The goal of captive breeding program is to bear the offspring of the orangutan which will be reintroduced to its native habitat later on, in healthy condition, free from infectious deseases, endo and ecto parasites and still bears its natural behavior. The Zoological Park would be the right institution to conduct the program. The captive (ex situ) breeding program of the orangutan has been being conducted by the Ragunan Zoological Park in Jakarta to study epidemiological, behavior, and other biological aspects of the orangutan in order to support the reintroduction program. Specifically, the study has examined and or investigated the medical records, feed and nutrition, behavior, tuberculin test, contraceptive procedure, normal electrocardiogram, normal hematology, clinical chemistry, caging contruction and management (include sanitation), preventive and curative disease treatment and raising procedure. The medical data, which has been collected for five years, indicated that the orangutan raised in the open cages was healthier than the one raised in the close cages. It was observed that the former group was rarely infected by any diseases. The investment of the open cage was more expensive than the close cage during construction period, but relatively very small cost was needed for maintenance in the long run. The air sacullitis case among the orangutan in Kalimantan has never been reported. This disease is a chronic disease. However, the case was reported among the orangutan raised in the foreign countries. It was reported that the case was caused by the Pseudomonas sp, Proteus sp and by Ischerechia call. These bacteria are not pathogen. The examination of air saculitis exudate derived from the orangutan raised in the Ragunan Zoo, has been sucsesful in isolating the Streptococcus pneumoniae. This bacteria is pathogen and anthropozoonosis to human and to other wild or domesticated animals."