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Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Stres kerja pada pramugari mengurangi tingkat konsentrasi dan kinerja dalam tugas terbang,serta menimbulkan gangguan fisiologis berupa gangguan siklus haid. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi stres kerja dan faktor lainnya terhadap risiko gangguan siklus haid pada pramugari. Metode: Desain potong lintang dengan sampling purposif pada pramugari usia 19-50tahun yang melaksanakan pengujian kesehatan berkala di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan dan Garuda Sentra Medika tanggal 18-29 Mei 2015. Data untuk gangguan siklus haid dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner. Stres kerja diidentifikasi dengan National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health generic job stress questionnaire mental demands. Hasil: Di antara 521 pramugari yang melaksanakan pengujian kesehatan, tersedia 251 subyek yang terpilih. Stres kerja, jenis penerbangan long haul dan pernah merokok merupakan faktor risiko dominan yang berhubungan dengan gangguan siklus haid. Subyek dengan stres kerja berisiko 2 kali lebih tinggi mengalami gangguan siklus haid [risiko relatif suaian (RRa)= 2,03; p= 0,104]. Subyek dengan jenis penerbangan jarak jauh 1 tahun terakhir berisiko 79% mengalami gangguan siklus haid (RRa= 1,79; p= 0,041). Subyek yang pernah merokok berisiko 70% mengalami gangguan siklus haid (RRa= 1,70; p= 0,072). Kesimpulan: Pramugari penerbangan sipil dengan stres kerja, jenis penerbangan jarak jauh dalam 1 tahun dan pernah merokok, memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami gangguan siklus haid. ...... Background: Job stress among female flight attendants reduce level of concentration and flight duty performance, also cause physiological disorder such as menstrual cycle disorder. This study aimed to identify risk factors related to menstrual cycle disorder on female flight attendants. Methods: A cross-sectional with purposive sampling was conducted on female flight attendants age 19-50 years who underwent periodic medical examination at Civil Aviation Medical Center and Garuda Sentra Medika on May 18-29,2015. Menstrual cycle disorder data collected with questionnaire. Job stress was identified by using National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health generic job stress questionnaire mental demands. Results: Among 521 flight attendants, 251 subjects to analyze. Job stress,flight type and ever smoked were the risk factors related to menstrual cycle disorder. Subjects who had job stress had 2 times higher risk to menstrual cycle disorder [adjusted relative risk (RRa)= 2.03; p= 0.104]. Subject who had long haul flight had 79% higher risk to menstrual cycle disorder (RRa= 1.79; p= 0.041). Subject who ever smoke had 70% higher risk to be menstrual cycle disorder (RRa= 1.70; p= 0.072). Conclusions: Female civilian flight attendant who had job stress, long haul flight within the last one year, and who ever smoked had higher risk to be menstrual cycle disorder.

Abstrak :
Pendahuluan: Pramugari/a  merupakan salah satu profesi dengan beban kerja cukup besar karena jam kerja yang tidak beraturan, waktu kerja yang panjang serta lingkungan kerja yang tidak biasa. Kondisi pandemi COVID-19 meningkatkan risiko terjadinya gangguan mental emosional pada banyak sektor terutama sektor penerbangan. Meskipun telah memasuki masa transisi pandemi COVID-19, kondisi pekerjaan pramugari/a belum kembali seperti sebelum pandemi terjadi.

Objektif: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi serta hubungan antara faktor individu serta pekerjaan di masa transisi pandemi COVID-19 dengan risiko terjadinya gangguan mental emosional pada pramugari/a penerbangan komersial di Indonesia.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan Jakarta dari tanggal 9 September – 3 Oktober 2022. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner mandiri, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, dan Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 25.

Hasil: Penelitian diikuti oleh 163 responden, terdiri dari 89,6% pramugari dan 10,4% pramugara. Diantara faktor individu dan pekerjaan, ada beberapa yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan risiko gangguan mental emosional seperti usia muda p <0,001, tidak memiliki anak p 0,047, kebiasaan olahraga yang kurang (95% CI 0,97-9,18); p 0,048, masa kerja < 5 tahun (95% CI 1,35-8,78); p 0,007 serta persepsi ketidakamanan pekerjaan (95% CI 1,47-8,55); p 0,003. Berdasarkan hasil analisis multivariat, masa kerja dan persepsi ketidakamanan pekerjaan merupakan faktor paling dominan yang dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya gangguan mental emosional sebesar 3,66 (95% CI 1,39 – 9,66); p 0,009 dan 3,31 (95% CI 1,30 – 8,43); p 0,012 kali.

Kesimpulan: Prevalensi risiko gangguan mental emosional pada pramugari penerbangan sipil Indonesia di masa transisi pandemi COVID-19 cukup tinggi. Dari semua faktor yang dianalisis pada penelitian ini, terlihat masa kerja dan persepsi ketidakamanan pekerjaan dominan meningkatkan risiko terjadinya gangguan mental emosional. Diperlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk menilai faktor-faktor risiko lainnya yang dapat berkontribusi dengan terjadinya gangguan mental emosional. ......Background: Flight attendant is a profession with a heavy workload due to irregular working hours, long working hours and an working mostly at high altitude. The condition of the COVID-19 pandemic increases the risk of mental emotional disorders in many sectors especially the aviation sector, one of which is due to job insecurity. Even though we have entered the transition period of the COVID-19 pandemic, the stability of flight attendants has not returned to what it was before the pandemic outbreak.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of mental emotional disorders among Indonesian commercial flight attendants during the transition period of the COVID-19 pandemic and its relationship with job insecurity.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Directorate General of Civil Aviation Medical Jakarta from September 9^th to October 3^rd 2022. The data was collected using independent questionnaire such as Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Self Reporting Questionnaire-20, which was then analyzed using SPSS version 25.

Results: The subjects were 163 people in total, consisting of 89,6% female flight attendants and 10,4% male flight attendants The prevalence of mental emotional disorders in Indonesian commercial flight attendants during the transition period of COVID-19 pandemic was found to be 15.3%. The trends showed that there is a significant relationship between perceptions of job insecurity and mental-emotional disorders p=0.036, and there are other characteristics that are significantly related to mental-emotional disorders such as young age p=<0.001, not having children p=0.047, and working period <5 years (95% CI 1.35-8.78); p=0.007.

Conclusion: The prevalence risk of mental emotional disorders in Indonesian commercial flight attendants during the transition period of COVID-19 pandemic is quite high. The existence of job insecurity is one of the dominant factors associated with the occurrence of mental emotional disorders during the transition period of COVID-19 pandemic and also young age seems to be a contributing factor. However, further research is still needed to assess other risk factors that can contribute to the occurrence of mental emotional disorders.