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Nayusrizal N
Abstrak :
ABSTRAK

Suatu peralatan listrik yang juga menyerap energi reaktif disamping mengkonsumsi energi aktif akan mengakibatkan penurunan faktor daya. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mendesain skema penalti energi reaktif yang tepat melalui analisis dampak faktor daya rendah terhadap sistem ketenagalistrikan, khususnya pada sistem distribusi sesuai dengan studi kasus yang dilakukan di PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Marunda. Metodologi penelitian diawali dengan pengambilan data dan perhitungan, analisis tarif listrik existing dan mendesain berbagai skema tarif baru, analisis perbaikan faktor daya, analisis teknis dan ekonomi. Dari data pemakaian energi 272 pelanggan PLN Marunda tahun 2018 diketahui faktor daya rata-rata bervariasi dari 0,45 hingga mendekati 1,0. Selanjutnya diciptakan dua desain skema tarif baru dengan mengacu pada ketentuan tarif listrik di berbagai negara maju dan standar internasional. Pada skema-1 yang dinamakan fixed rate, batasan faktor daya dirubah menjadi 0,90, sedangkan skema-2 menerapkan pemberian insentif dan pengenaan penalti secara progresif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan rugi-rugi jaringan sebesar 0,19% dan jatuh tegangan sebesar 0,36% antara titik kirim dengan titik terima. Penggunaan kapasitor berhasil menurunkan rugi-rugi jaringan 21,5% dan jatuh tegangan 11,4% dari nilai sebelumnya. Hasil analisis ekonomi menunjukkan perbaikan faktor daya tersebut laik direalisasikan. Apabila direalisasikan di PLN Marunda, penurunan emisi CO2 tahun 2018 mencapai 3.748 ton.


ABSTRACT


An electrical equipment that also absorbs reactive energy in addition to consuming active energy will result in a decrease of power factor. This study aimed to design the right scheme of reactive energy penalties through analysis the impact of low power factors on the electricity system, particularly in the distribution system in accordance with a case study conducted at PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Marunda. The research methodology begins with data collection and calculation, analysis of existing electricity tariffs and designing various new tariff schemes, analysis of power factor improvement, technical and economic analysis. From the energy consumption data of 272 PLN Marunda customers in 2018 it is known that the average power factor varies from 0.45 to close to 1.0. Furthermore, two new tariff scheme designs were created with reference to the electricity tariff provisions in various developed countries and international standards. In scheme-1 called fixed rate the power factor limit is changed to 0.90, while scheme-2 applies incentives and progressive penalties. The analysis shows power losses about 0.19% and a voltage drop of 0.36% between the sending point and receiving point. The use of capacitors also succeeded in reducing power losses by 21.5% and voltage drops by 11.4% from the values before. The results of economic analysis show that the power factor correction is worth realizing. If realized in PLN Marunda, the reduction of CO2 emissions in 2018 could reach 3,748 tons.

2019
T54031
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Abstrak :
This Green Book offers the outstanding expertise of CIGRE professionals about Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) in one concise handbook. FACTS are used to enhance AC power networks, by providing fast control of power flows and AC voltage and AC phase angles. They can be used to defer the need for additional power lines, by controlling the power flow on lines to achieve maximum utilisation of the existing lines, and/or by improving the power quality, e.g. when large disturbing loads are connected to the network. This Green Book on FACTS provides comprehensive information about the use of Power Electronics for AC system control and for Power Quality Improvement in its over 1000 pages. This book has been written by experts in the field, who come from Transmission System Operators, Network owners, manufacturers, and consultants in this field. This Green Book on FACTS covers a large range of topics in its 6 sections, as follows: 1. AC Systems Characteristics, AC network control using conventional means and AC network control using FACTS Controllers 2. Technical Descriptions of all current FACTS controllers, power electronic Topologies for FACTS, SVCs, STATCOM, TCSC and the UPFC and its variations 3. Application Examples of all FACTS controllers, which include a description of controllers using saturation of iron as well as examples of all current FACTS controllers 4. Planning and Procurement, including economic appraisals and cost benefit analysis, planning studies, environmental considerations, functional specifications 5. Implementation of FACTS controllers, including integration and design studies, equipment design and testing and commissioning 6. FACTS operation and lifetime management.
Switzerland: Springer Cham, 2019
e20503358
eBooks  Universitas Indonesia Library