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Abstrak :
The biological diversity of the planet is being rapidly depleted due to the direct and indirect consequences of human activity. As the size of animal and plant populations decrease and fragmentation increases, loss of genetic diversity reduces their ability to adapt to changes in the environment, with inbreeding and reduced fitness inevitable consequences for many species. Many small isolated populations are going extinct unnecessarily. In many cases, such populations can be genetically rescued by gene flow into them from another population within the species, but this is very rarely done. This novel and authoritative book addresses the issues involved in genetic management of fragmented animal and plant populations, including inbreeding depression, loss of genetic diversity and elevated extinction risk in small isolated populations, augmentation of gene flow, genetic rescue, causes of outbreeding depression and predicting its occurrence, desirability and implementation of genetic translocations to cope with climate change, and defining and diagnosing species for conservation purposes.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Nama : Ni Made KurniatiProgram Studi : Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatJudul : Prevalen Sifilis, Gonore Dan/Atau Klamidia Sebagai PrediktorEpidemi HIV Pada Berbagai Kelompok Seksual BerisikoEpidemi HIV di Indonesia merupakan permasalahan yang harus segera ditangani karenaberdampak pada derajat kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia. Deteksi prediktor utama yangberkaitan dengan kejadian Infeksi Menular Seksual IMS terhadap terjadinya infeksiHIV sangat penting untuk diketahui, mengingat IMS merupakan pintu utama masuknyainfeksi HIV. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterkaitan anatara IMS yangterdiri dari sifilis, gonore dan klamidia terhadap HIV serta mengetahui keterkaitanketiga IMS tersebut dengan prevalen HIV pada kelompok seksual berisiko. Penelitianini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan menganalisis data Survei TerpaduBiologi dan Perilaku tahun 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013 dan 2015. Analisis yang digunakanadalah analisis regresi logistik dan regresi fraksional. Infeksi sifilis, gonore danklamidia dapat meningkatkan odds kelompok seksual berisiko untuk terinfeksi HIVmeskipun tidak bermakna secara statistik. Nilai OR infeksi sifilis pada sebagian besarmodel adalah nilai OR terbesar yang meningkatkan peluang terjadinya infeksi HIV.Model hubungan antara IMS dan HIV dapat dilihat pada kota/lokasi yang masuk dalamkuadran I. Prevalen sifilis berhubungan dengan prevalen HIV pada setiap kelompokberisiko terutama pada kelompok waria dan LSL. Setiap kelompok seksual berisikodiharapkan dapat berpartisipasi dalam setiap program untuk pencegahan danpengendalian IMS dan HIV. Selain itu, perlu dilakukan penguatan program yangterfokus pada eradikasi IMS pada kelompok seksual berisiko.Kata kunci: HIV, Infeksi Menular Seksual, Kelompok Seksual Berisiko

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ABSTRACT
Name Ni Made KurniatiStudy Program Public HealthTitle Prevalence of Syphilis, Gonorrhea and or Chlamydia as Predictor ofHIV Epidemics among Sexually High Risk Populations Analysis ofData from the Indonesia Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveys,2007 2015The HIV epidemic in Indonesia is a problem that addressed immediately because itaffects the health status of Indonesian society. Detection of major predictors associatedwith the incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections STIs against the occurrence ofHIV infection is important to note, because STIs are the main entrance of HIV infection.This study aims to determine the association between STIs consisting of syphilis,gonorrhea and chlamydia against HIV and knowing the relationship between these STIswith HIV prevalence in sexual risk groups. This study uses cross sectional design byanalyzing the data of ldquo Survei Terpadu Biologi dan Perilaku rdquo in 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013and 2015. Logistic regression analysis and fractional regression used for analysis.Syphilis, gonorrhea and chlamydia infections increase odds of sexual risk groups forHIV infection even if not statistically significant. The odds ratio of syphilis infection inmost models is the largest odds ratio that increases the chances of HIV infection. Themodel of the relationship between STIs and HIV can be seen in the cities or sites thatfall within quadrant I. Prevalent syphilis is associated with HIV prevalence in each riskgroup especially in transsexual groups and MSM. Sexual risk group expected toparticipate in programs for STI and HIV prevention and control. In addition, it isnecessary to strengthen programs focused on eradicating STIs in sexual risk groupsbased on cities or sites quadran.Keywords HIV, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Sexually High Risk Populations

Abstrak :
Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) merupakan salah satu strategi kesehatan masyarakat yang dilakukan untuk menangani penyebaran HIV/AIDS. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya pemanfaatan layanan VCT oleh populasi berisiko tinggi HIV/AIDS di Indonesia. Banyak populasi berisiko tinggi HIV/AIDS yang belum pernah melakukan VCT. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan layanan VCT pada populasi berisiko tinggi HIV/AIDS di Provinsi Banten tahun 2013. Penelitian menggunakan desain studi kuantitatif dengan desain crossesctional. Berdasarkan hasil analisis multivariate (final model) terdapat tiga variabel yang berhubungan dengan pemnfaatan layanan VCT yaitu usia (p-value = 0,009), akses ke layanan VCT (p-value=0,039) dan variabel pengetahuan VCT (p-value = 0,0001). Variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap pemnfaatan layanan VCT adalah pengetahuan responden tentang VCT dengan nilai OR tertinggi yaitu 4,4 yang artinya responden dengan pengetahuan tentang VCT nya baik cenderung akan memanfaatkan layanan VCT 4,4 kali lebih besar dibanding dengan yang memiliki pengetahuan tentang VCT kurang baik. ......Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) is a public health strategy to response of HIV / AIDS . This research is based on the low number of utilization of VCT services by high -risk populations with HIV / AIDS in Indonesia. The most highrisk populations on HIV mostly don’t access to VCT services. This study aims to determine the associated factors with the utilization of VCT services in a population at high risk of HIV / AIDS in Banten province in 2013. The study uses a quantitative study design with cross-sectional design. Based on the results of multivariate analysis ( final model) , there are three variables relate to the utilization of VCT services , namely age ( p - value = 0.009 ), access to VCT services (p-value = 0.039) and VCT knowledge variables ( p - value = 0.0001 ). The most influence variables on the utilization of VCT services is the knowledge on VCT, with the highest OR value is 4.4 , it is means that the respondent with good knowledge of VCT likely to utilize VCT services 4.4 times greater thanwho has less of good knowledge in VCT.