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"Artikel ini membahas mengenai upaya yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat marjinal kampung kota untuk dapat terlibat dalam perencanaan dan pembangunan kota. Studi-studi sebelumnya terbagi menjadi tiga jenis berdasarkan bentuknya, yaitu studi mengenai upaya keterlibatan melalui aksi di ruang publik, upaya keterlibatan melalui kebijakan legislasi dan upaya keterlibatan publik melalui media sosial. Berbeda dengan studi-studi sebelumnya, studi ini berfokus pada bagaimana upaya kontrak politik yaitu community action plan dapat menjadi upaya alternatif kelompok masyarakat marjinal untuk terlibat dalam perencanaan dan pembangunan kota yang menekankan pada proses masyarakat marjinal kampung kota untuk ikut serta dalam proses perencanaan dan pembangunan kampungnya, dimana setiap individu memiliki peran aktif untuk terlibat dalam menyuarakan aspirasinya. Studi ini secara khusus menggambarkan keterlibatan publik kelompok masyarakat marjinal di Kampung Akuarium kota Jakarta yang dilihat menggunakan pendekatan civic engagement. Studi ini menggunakan metode kualitatif serta pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam.

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This article discusses the efforts made by marginal urban villagers to be involved in urban planning and development. Previous studies are divided into three types based on their forms; the study of engagement through public action, through legislation and public engagement through social media. In contrast to previous studies, this study focuses on how political contracts through community action planning can be an alternative effort of marginalized groups to engage in urban planning and development. This political contract emphasizes the process of marginal urban villagers to participate in the village planning and development process where each individual has an active role to engage in voicing his aspirations through political contracts with political actors. This study specifically illustrates the public involvement of marginalized community groups in Kampung Akuarium Jakarta using a civic engagement approach. This study uses qualitative methods as well as data collection conducted through in-depth interviews."

"This research aims to express the changing process that happened in Mandar as a result of Dutch colonial intervention. From this, it can be seen the early structure that made by Mandar people, their custom and behavior; and finally to bring a new structure that come from their interaction with colonial power. From the period as temporal term, source of information is explored from a past data, especially from colonial archives. Some articles from journals and newspapers, as a contemporary mass media, contribute much information for reconstruction. The structure that made by Mandar people in 18th and 19th century was identified with a maritime piracy. By a reason to end this criminality, Dutch colonial government took a drastic measure with sending her military expedition to punish Mandar people. The expedition motivated the Mandar War in 1868-1869, and ended with a political contract between Mandar and Dutch in 1870. As a conclusion, Mandar is proven to have a difference structure with other political units in South Sulawesi. The structure is consisted of two: power system that composed by seven kings or “maradia”; and diaspora system that spread as long coast of Sulawesi. The contract, that forced by Dutch, could not end the both structures, even though the Dutch regarded that she could establish her political domination."