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"Pneumonia merupakan penyebab kematian balita setelah diare dan selalu berada pada daftar 10 penyakit terbesar yang ada di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko pneumonia pada balita di 4 (empat) provinsi di wilayah Indonesia timur, yaitu provinsi Papua, Papua Barat, Gorontalo dan NTT dengan menggunakan data Riskesdas tahun 2007. Data diperoleh dari Riset Kesehatan Dasar Tahun 2007 dengan sampel sebanyak 8631 balita. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional study. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proporsi pneumonia pada balita di 4 provinsi di wilayah Indonesia timur sebesar 5,7%. Analisis multivariate dengan regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita adalah riwayat terkena campak (p=0,000), pekerjaan ibu (p=0,000), pengeluaran per kapita (p=0,018).

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Pneumonia is the cause of death of children under five years old after diarrhea and always be on the list of 10 diseases that exist in the largest health care facility. This study aims to determine risk factors of pneumonia for children under five years old in the 4 (four) provinces in eastern Indonesia, namely the province of Papua, West Papua, Gorontalo and NTT by using data Riskesdas 2007. Sample size was 8631 infants were obtain from Indonesia Primary Health Research in 2007. This study design is cross sectional study.

The results showed that the proportion of pneumonia in children under five years old in four provinces in eastern Indonesia at 5.7%. Multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression showed that variables significantly associated with incidence of pneumonia in children under five years old is a history of measles (p = 0.000), maternal employment (p = 0.000), expenditures per capita (p=0,018)."

"Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik penderita pneumonia balita dan faktor resiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia balita. Studi ini dilakukan pada bulan Februari sampai Maret 2014 di 1 Puskesmas kecamatan dan 5 Puskesmas kelurahan yang ada di wilayah Kecamatan Ciracas. Desain Studi yang digunakan adalah desain potong lintang (cross sectional).Jumlah sampel pada studi ini adalah 556 responden. Sampel diambil secara proportional stratified random sampling. Dari studi ini diketahui balita yang menderita pneumonia sebesar 152 balita (27,3%) dan yang tidak menderita pneumonia sebanyak 404 balita (72,7%).Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukan terdapat beberapa faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia yaitu, ASI Eksklusif OR 3,630 (95% CI: 2,266-5,818), status gizi balita OR 2,126 (95% CI: 1,191-3,777), riwayat imunisasi campak OR 2,372 (95% CI: 1,326-4,245), pengetahuan ibu OR 2,126 (95% CI: 1,197-3,777), sosial ekonomi OR 1,948 (95% CI 1,216-3,121), dan polusi rumah tangga OR 2,466 (95% CI: 1,405-4,330). Upaya intervensi terhadap perbaikan status gizi balita, promosi ASI eksklusif, status imunisasi campak, polusi dalam rumah tangga, dan peningkatan pengetahuan ibu, mempunyai peranan yang penting bagi pencegahan penyakit pneumonia pada balita.

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This study aims to reveal the characteristics of pneumonia on children under five years old and factors associated with the occurrence of pneumonia on children under five years old. This study was conducted from February to March 2014 in six public health centers (Puskesmas) Ciracas sub-district, Eastern Jakarta. Cross sectional design was used in this study with the sample size of 556 respondents (mothers of children). Sample was taken by proportional stratified random sampling method.

It was found that 27.3% among respondent`s children were diagnosed with pneumonia. Result of multivariate analysis showed that there are some factors associated with the occurrence of pneumonia on children under five years old including exclusive breast-feeding with OR 3.630 (95% CI: 2.266-5.818), nutrition status OR 2.126 (95% CI: 1.191-3.777), measles immunization OR 2.372 (95% CI: 1.326-4.245), mother`s knowledge OR 2.126 (95% CI: 1.197-3.777), socio-economy OR 1.948 (95% CI 1.216-3.121), and indoor pollution OR 2.466 (95% CI: 1.405-4.330). Intervention efforts such as enhancing children`s nutritional status, promotion of exclusive breast feeding, measles immunization, mother`s knowledge, socio-economy and indoor pollution play an important role in the prevention of pneumonia on children under five years old."

"Pneumonia adalah penyakit infeksi yang merupakan penyebab utama kematian pada balita di dunia. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2007 melaporkan bahwa kematian balita di Indonesia mencapai 15,5%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor determinan terjadinya pneumonia pada balita di Indonesia.Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang dengan menggunakan data Riskesdas 2013. Kriteria sampel adalah balita (0 ? 59 bulan) yang menjadi responden Riskesdas 2013. Variabel dependen adalah kejadian pneumonia balita, sedangkan variabel independennya adalah karakteristik individu, lingkungan fisik rumah, perilaku penggunaan bahan bakar, dan kebiasaan merokok. Penetapan kejadian pneumonia berdasarkan hasil wawancara, dengan batasan operasional diagnosis pneumonia oleh tenaga kesehatan dan/atau dengan gejala pneumonia dalam periode 12 bulan terakhir. Jumlah sampel yang memenuhi kriteria adalah 82.666 orang.Hasil menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang paling berperan dalam kejadian pneumonia balita adalah jenis kelamin balita (OR = 1,10; 95% CI = 1,02 ? 1,18), tipe tempat tinggal (OR = 1,15; 95% CI = 1,06 ? 1,25), pendidikan ibu (OR = 1,20; 95% CI = 1,11 ? 1,30), tingkat ekonomi keluarga/kuintil indeks kepemilikan (OR = 1,19; 95% CI = 1,10 ? 1,30), pemisahan dapur dari ruangan lain (OR = 1,19; 95% CI = 1,05 ? 1,34), keberadan/kebiasaan membuka jendela kamar (OR = 1,17; 95% CI = 1,04 ? 1,31), dan ventilasi kamar yang cukup (OR = 1,16; 95% CI = 1,04 ? 1,30).Disimpulkan bahwa faktor sosial, demografi, ekonomi dan kondisi lingkungan fisik rumah secara bersama-sama berperan terhadap kejadian pneumonia pada balita di Indonesia.

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Pneumonia is an infectious disease which is a major cause of mortality in children under five years of age in the world. National Basic Health Research 2007 reported that infant mortality in Indonesia has reached 15.5%. The objective of the study was to identify the determinant factors related to Pneumonia pada Anak Balita di Indonesia Pneumonia among Children Under Five Years of Age in Indonesia Athena Anwar, Ika Dharmayanti the incidence of pneumonia in children under five years of age in Indonesia.

The research design was cross sectional, using National Basic Health Research 2013 data. Sample criteria were children under five years of age (0 ? 59 months). The dependent variable was the incidence of pneumonia among children under five years of age, while the independent variables were individual characteristics, physical environment of house, types of fuel used, and smoking habit. There were 82,666 samples that fulfilled the study criteria.

The result showed that determinant factors contributing to the incidence of pneumonia in children were sex (OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.02 ? 1.18), residence (urban/rural) (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1,06 ? 1,25), maternal education (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.11 ? 1.30), household poverty index quintile (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.10 ? 1.30) , kitchen separation (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.05 ? 1.34), window availability in bedroom (OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.04 ? 1.31), and bedroom ventilation (OR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.04 ? 1.30).

This study concluded that social factors, demographic, economic levels and the physical environment of house simultaneously contributed to the incidence of pneumonia in children under five of age."