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Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Polymer Induced Liquid Precursor (PILP) merupakan remineralisasi biomimetik dengan menggunakan bahan polimer anionik sintetik yang dapat menggantikan peran protein non kolagen dalam remineralisasi intrafibrillar. Asam poliaspartik merupakan salah satu material analog protein non kolagen yang penting dalam proses PILP. Nanodroplet yang terbentuk dalam proses PILP mampu berdifusi ke dalam intrafibrillar kolagen ataupun gap zone yang memiliki ukuran 40 nanometer dan mengalami kristalisasi. Tujuan: Menganalisis remineralisasi intrafibrillar dan ukuran kristal hidroksiapatit yang terbentuk. Metode: Evaluasi efek asam poliaspartik dalam proses PILP pada remineralisasi intrafibrillar selama 3, 7 dan 14 hari melalui TEM dan ukuran kristal hidroksiapatit yang terbentuk melalui XRD. Hasil: Ada perbedaan signifikan secara evaluasi deskriptif antar kelompok remineralisasi 3, 7 dan 14 hari terhadap kelompok demineralized dentin pada remineraliasi intrafibrillar. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok remineralisasi maupun kelompok demineralized dentin terhadap ukuran kristal hidroksiapatit. Kesimpulan: Asam poliaspartik dalam proses PILP memiliki potensi dalam remineralisasi intrafibrillar. ......Background: Polymer Induced Liquid Precursor (PILP) is a biomimetic remineralization using synthetic anionic polymer material that can replace the role of non-collagen proteins in intrafibrillar remineralization. Polyaspartic acid is one of the non collagen protein analog materials that is important in the PILP process. Nanodroplet formed in the PILP process is able to diffuse into intrafibrillar collagen or gap zones that have a size of 40 nanometers and crystallize. Purpose: To analyze the intrafibrillar remineralization and the size of hydroxyapatite crystal formed. Methods: Evaluation of the effect of polyaspartic acid in PILP process on intrafibrillar remineralization for 3, 7 and 14 days through TEM and the size of hydroxyapatite crystal formed through XRD. Result: There was a significant difference in descriptive evaluation between remineralization groups of 3, 7 and 14 days against the demineralized dentin group in intrafibrillar remineralization. There were no significant differences between the remineralization group and the demineralized dentin group to the size of hydroxyapatite crystals. Conclusion: Polyaspartic acid within PILP process has potential ability in intrafibrillar remineralization.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Proses PILP adalah proses remineralisasi yang menggunakan makromolekul bermuatan, yakni polyaspartic acid, untuk menstabilkan ion calcium phosphate dalam larutan tersaturasi, dan mencegah nukleasi spontan serta presipitasi mineral. Penambahan ion fluoride pada proses ini akan membentuk kristal fluorapatite yang memiiki kekerasan lebih tinggi dari hidroksiapatit. Tujuan:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahu pengaruh penambahan fluoride dalam larutan remineralisasi melalui proses PILP terhadap kekerasan email. Metode: 25 sampel gigi dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok 1 (email normal) sebagai kontrol positif, kelompok 2 (email terdemineralisasi) sebagai kontrol negatif, kelompok 3 email yang diremineralisasi melalui proses PILP, kelompok 4 email yang diremineralisasi melalui proses PILP dengan penambahan fluoride 5 ppm, kelompok 5 email yang diremineralisasi melalui proses PILP dengan penambahan fluoride 25 ppm. Seluruh sampel disimpan dalam inkubator pada suhu 370C selama 14 hari. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji kekerasan mikro untuk melihat kekerasan email. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik dengan one-way ANOVA dan uji Post Hoc Tamhane. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna kekerasan mikro email setelah diremineralisasi melalui proses PILP tanpa dan dengan penambahan fluoride 5 ppm dan 25 ppm. Kesimpulan:Remineralisasi melalui proses PILP dengan penambhan fluoride 5 ppm memiliki kekerasan mikro yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa penambahan fluoride dan dengan penambahan fluoride 25 ppm. ......Background: PILP process is a remimineralization used charged macromolecule, polyaspartic acid, to stabilize calcium and phophate ion in order to prevent mineral spontaneus nucleation and precipitation. Fluoride was addedto form fluorapatite crystals which have a higer microhardness than hydroxyapatite. Objective: To determine the effect of adding fluoride in remineralization solution through the PILP process on enamel microhardness. Methods: 25 teeth were divided into 5 groups. Group 1 (normal enamel) as a positive control, group 2 (demineralized enamel) as a negative control, group 3 demineralized enamel which remineralized through PILPprocess, group 4 demineralized enamel which remineralized through PILP process with 5 ppm fluoride, group 5 demineralized enamel which remineralized through PILP process with 25 ppm fluoride. All samples were stored in an incubator at 370C for 14 days. Vicker's microhardness test was performed to see enamel microhardness. The data were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tamhane Post Hoc Test. Result: There is a difference between enamel microhardness after being remineralized through PILP process without and with 5 and 25 ppm fluoride.Conclusion: Remineralization via PILP process with addition of 5 ppm fluoride has a higher microhardness value than without and with 25 ppm fluoride.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Remineralisasi dentin dapat dicapai melalui beberapa metode, di antaranya secara Guided Tissue Remineralization (GTR) dalam sistem Polymer-Induced Liquid Precursor (PILP). Remineralisasi secara GTR terbukti dapat meremineralisasi affected dentin dengan membentuk mineral intrafibrillar dan ekstrafibrillar. Melalui sistem PILP, kristal terbentuk dengan ukuran kecil sehingga remineralisasi lebih banyak terjadi secara intrafibrillar. Penambahan fluor dalam sistem PILP diharapkan dapat membentuk kristal fluoroapatit yang berukuran lebih besar dan mampu menyempurnakan remineralisasi hingga ke ekstrafibrillar. Penelitian yang ada selama ini hanya berfokus pada permukaan dentin, sedengkan belum terdapat penelitian untuk membuktikan remineralisasi dengan penambahan fluor yang terjadi pada dinding tubulus dentin. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh penambahan fluor 5ppm dan 25ppm dalam sistem PILP terhadap perubahan topografi dinding tubulus dentin dan persentase fluoroapatit. Metode: Sampel blok dentin terdemineralisasi direndam pada larutan remineralisasi dengan penambahan 5ppm dan 25ppm fluor. Sampel blok dentin kemudian akan dipotong lintang menggunakan metode fraktur lalu diamati dan dianalisis menggunakan uji FE-SEM dan XRD. Hasil: Terjadi perubahan topografi pada dinding tubulus dentin setelah dilakukan remineralisasi melalui proses PILP dengan penambahan 5ppm dan 25ppm fluor selama 14 hari yang dievaluasi secara deskriptif menggunakan FE-SEM. Hasil analisis XRD menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna secara statistik penambahan fluor pada larutan remineralisasi PILP terhadap persentase fasa mineral fluoroapatit, namun secara substansi terjadi peningkatan persentase fluorapatit. Kesimpulan: Penambahan fluor dalam sistem PILP berpengaruh terhadap perubahan topografi dinding tubulus dentin dan persentase fluoroapatit. ...... Background: Dentine remineralization can be achieved through several methods, including Guided Tissue Remineralization (GTR) in the Polymer-Induced Liquid Precursor (PILP) system. GTR remineralization has been shown to remineralize affected dentin by forming intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar minerals. Through the PILP system, crystals are formed with small sizes so that more remineralization occurs intrafibrillarly. The addition of fluorine in the PILP system is expected to form larger fluoroapatite crystals and be able to complete the remineralization to extrafibrillar. Existing research so far has only focused on the dentin surface, although there has been no research to prove remineralization with the addition of fluorine that occurs in the dentine tubule walls. Objective: To determine the effect of adding 5ppm and 25ppm fluorine in the PILP system on changes in the topography of the dentinal tubule walls and the percentage of fluoroapatite. Methods: Demineralized dentine block samples were immersed in remineralization solution with the addition of 5 ppm and 25 ppm fluorine. The dentine block samples will then be cross-sectioned using the fracture method and then observed and analyzed using the FE-SEM and XRD tests. Results: Topographical changes occurred in the dentinal tubule walls after remineralization through the PILP process with the addition of 5ppm and 25ppm fluorine for 14 days which were evaluated descriptively using FE-SEM. The results of the XRD analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the addition of fluorine to the percentage of fluoroapatite mineral phase in the addition of fluorine to the percentage of fluoroapatite, but in substance there was an increase in the percentage of fluorapatite. Conclusion: The addition of fluorine in the PILP system affected the topography of the dentinal tubule walls and the percentage of fluoroapatite.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang : Penambahan fluor ke dalam proses PILP memiliki potensi meningkatkan remineralisasi intrafibril dan ekstrafibril kolagen dentin. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan fluor dalam proses PILP terhadap remineralisasi intrafibril dan ekstrafibril kolagen dentin. Metode : 8 sampel blok dentin dibagi ke dalam 4 kelompok: Kelompok 1 demineralized dentin sebagai kontrol, kelompok 2 demineralized dentin disimpan dalam larutan remineralisasi PILP yang ditambahkan fluor 5 ppm, kelompok 3 demineralized dentin disimpan dalam larutan remineralisasi PILP yang ditambahkan fluor 25 ppm, kelompok 4 demineralized dentin disimpan dalam larutan remineralisasi PILP tanpa fluor (0 ppm) Kemudian seluruh sampel disimpan dalam shaking incubator pada suhu 37°C selama 14 hari. Selanjutnya dilakukan pemeriksaan dengan TEM/SAED untuk melihat remineralisasi intrafibril dan ekstrafibril kolagen dentin dan kristalinitas kristal yang dihasilkan. Hasil : Terjadi remineralisasi intrafibril dan ekstrafibril kolagen dentin pada kelompok perlakuan 2, 3, dan 4. Remineralisasi intrafibril dan ekstrafibril terlihat paling padat pada kelompok 2. Terdapat perbedaan kristalinitas kristal di antara kelompok 1, 2, 3, dan 4. Kesimpulan: Penambahan fluor 5 ppm ke dalam proses PILP menghasilkan remineralisasi intrafibril dan ekstrafibril kolagen dentin. Remineralisasi yang dihasilkan berupa kristal apatit dengan tingkat kristalinitas yang padat. ......Background: Fluoride addition into PILP process has the potential to increase intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar dentin collagen remineralization. Objective: This research aim to evaluate the influence of fluoride addition into PILP process towards intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar dentin collagen remineralization. Methods: 8 dentin blocks were divided into 4 sample groups. Group 1 (demineralized dentin) as control group, group 2 is demineralized dentin that were soaked in PILP process with 5 ppm fluoride addition, group 3 is demineralized dentin that were soaked in PILP process with 25 ppm fluoride addition, and group 4 is demineralized dentin that were soaked in PILP process with no fluor (0 ppm) addition. All of the samples were incubated in shaking incubator at 37o C for 14 days. Result: Intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar dentin collagen remineralization occurred in group 2, 3, and 4. The most dense intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar dentin collagen remineralization was seen in group 2. There are differences of crystal's crystallinity between group 1, 2, 3, and 4. Conclusion: 5 ppm fluoride addition into PILP process produced intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar dentin collagen remineralization. The remineralization were consisted by high-density apatite crystals.

Abstrak :

Latar Belakang: Perawatan karies dengan minimal intervensi, yaitu dengan membuang infected dentin, dan meninggalkan affected dentin, kemudian dilakukan remineralisasi pada affected dentin. Pada affected dentin masih terdapat ikatan silang kolagen. Remineralisasi dentin lebih kompleks karena pada karies dentin sudah tidak ada sisa kristal mineral. Untuk terjadinya remineralisasi ekstrafibrilar dan intrafibrilar pada dentin, maka dibutuhkan dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP 1)  yang merupakan protein non-kolagen. Proses polymer-induced liquid precursor (PILP) merupakan metode Guided Tissue Remineralization yang bertujuan untuk remineralisasi dentin secara intrafibrilar dan ekstrafibrilar dengan penambahan polimer sebagai analog DMP1. Salah satu material analog protein non kolagen adalah asam poliaspartik.

Tujuan: Mengevaluasi remineralisasi dentin pada permukaan demineralized dentin setelah perendaman dengan larutan remineralisasi yang mengandung asam poliaspartik sebagai analog protein non kolagen.

Metode: Empat kelompok dilakukan demineralisasi buatan. Setelah itu, tiga kelompok dilakukan perendaman dengan larutan remineralisasi yang mengandung asam poliaspartik, sedaangkan satu kelompok tidak dilakukan perendaman larutan remineralisasi asam poliaspartik. Evaluasi remineralisasi dengan Micro-CT.

Hasil: Terlihat remineralisasi pada permukaan demineralized dentin yang ditandai dengan penurunan kedalaman lesi demineralized dentin yang ditandai dengan peningkatan grey scale index setelah dilakukan perendaman dengan larutan remineralisasi asam poliaspartik. Perbandingan rerata empat kelompok menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna.

Kesimpulan: Asam poliaspartik memiliki potensi untuk meremineralisasi demineralized dentin.

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Background: Caries treatment with minimal intervention, namely by removing infected dentine, and leaving affected dentine, then remineralization of affected dentine. In the affected dentine there are still have collagen cross bonds. Dentin remineralization is more complex because there is no residual mineral crystals in dentinal caries. For extrafibrillary and intrafibrillary remineralization in dentine, dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP 1) is a non-collagen protein. The polymer-induced liquid precursor (PILP) process is a Guided Tissue Remineralization method which aims to remineralize intrafibrilar and extafibrilar dentine by adding polymers as analogous to DMP1. One of the non collagen protein analog material is polyacpartic acid.

Objective: To evaluate remineralization of dentine on the demineralized dentin surface after immersion with remineralization solutions containing polyacpartic acid as a non-collagen protein analog.

Method: Four groups carried out artificial demineralization. After that, three groups were immersed with remineralization solution containing polypartic acid, while one group was not immersed in polyacpartic acid remineralization solution. Remineralization evaluation with Micro-CT.

Results: It appears remineralization on the demineralized dentin surface which is characterized by a decrease in the depth of demineralized dentin lesions which is characterized by an increase in gray scale index after immersion with polyacpartic acid remineralization solution. The comparison of the mean of the four groups showed significant differences.

Conclusion: Polyacpartic acid has the potential to remineralize for demineralized dentine.

 

 

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Remineralisasi pada dentin affected dapat terjadi secara guided tissue remineralization (GTR). Remineralisasi ini terjadi pada matriks intrafibrilar kolagen dentin karena peran protein non kolagen yaitu Dentin Matriks Protein 1 (DMP1) yang dapat rusak saat proses demineralisasi. Dibutuhkan material analog pengganti DMP1 untuk proses remineralisasi, salah satunya adalah asam poliaspartik dalam proses Polymer-Induced Liquid Precursor (PILP). Tujuan: Menganalisis remineralisasi yang terjadi pada demineralized dentin setelah diinduksi oleh asam poliaspartik dalam proses PILP. Metode: Sampel berupa dentin blok direndam pada larutan demineralisasi lalu dibagi menjadi empat kelompok, yaitu kelompok demineralized dentin tanpa perendaman larutan asam poliaspartik dan kelompok dengan perendaman larutan asam poliaspastik selama 3, 7, dan 14 hari. Sampel di evaluasi dengan uji SEM dan EDX. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok demineralized dentin dengan kelompok remineralisasi asam poliaspartik pada hari ke 3, 7, dan 14. Remineralisasi yang terjadi berupa deposit ion kalsium dan fosfat. Kesimpulan: Asam poliaspartik dalam proses PILP memiliki potensi untuk meremineralisasi demineralized dentin. ......Background: Remineralization on affected dentin can be occurred by guided tissue remineralization (GTR) method. The remineralization process took place in intrafibilar matrix dentin collagen which regulated by a non collagenous protein, Dentin Matrix Protein (DMP 1) which can be destroyed during demineralization process. Remineralization process requires non collagenous protein analog material, one in particular is poliaspartic acid in Polymer-Induced Liquid Precursor (PILP) process. Objective: To analyze remineralization process that occured on demineralized dentin after application polyaspartic acid in PILP process. Method: Dentin block sample was soaked in demineralized solution. The sample then divided into four groups which are demineralized dentin without application of poliasparticacid solution, and demineralized dentin soaked in polyaspartic acid solution in the period of 3 ,7 and 14 days. The samples were evaluated by using SEM and EDX. Result: A statistically significant result between demineralized dentin group and remineralization with poliaspartic acid group within 3, 7, 14 days. Remineralization occurred by calcium and phosphate ions deposition. Conclusion: Polyaspartic acid in PILP process has the capability of remineralizing demineralized dentin.