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"Sebagai salah satu organ yang berada di dalam sistem rangka tubuh manusia, tulang merupakan organ yang memiliki kemampuan untuk melakukan regenerasi mandiri. Namun, kapasitas untuk meregenerasi dapat terganggu akibat beberapa faktor seperti usia, besarnya kerusakan, dan penyakit yang diderita. Kemajuan perkembangan di bidang medis memunculkan fenomena pengaplikasian perancah rekayasa jaringan tulang untuk menjadi salah satu solusi. Dalam penelitian ini, perancah dibuat menggunakan campuran antara polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) dengan polycaprolactone (PCL). Kombinasi dilakukan dengan penambahan kandungan zirconia (ZrO2) yang memiliki kekuatan mekanik tinggi dan modifikasi permukaan lewat pelapisan gelatin. Pembuatan perancah digunakan dengan metode freeze dry dan menghasilkan lima variasi kelompok yaitu PVA/PCL, PVA/PCL berlapis gelatin, PVA/PCL/2,5%ZrO2 berlapis gelatin, PVA/PCL/5%ZrO2 berlapis gelatin, dan PVA/PCL/7,5%ZrO2 berlapis gelatin. Karakteristik fisika-kimia perancah yang terlihat antara lain perancah memiliki kekuatan tekan di rentang 4 – 19 MPa; bentuk pori perancah terbentuk di rentang 102 – 209 μm dan terbentuk porositas di rentang 67 – 83%; permukaan hidrofilik dengan tingkat swelling di rentang 224 – 452%; dan perancah memiliki laju degradasi yang cukup cepat dengan kehilangan berat di rentang 49 – 77% pada hari ketujuh. Berdasarkan karakteristik fisika-kimia, perancah mampu menyamai kekuatan tekan dan porositas pada tulang sponge. Adanya penambahan zirconia juga berhasil meningkatkan kekuatan mekanik dan memperlambat laju degradasi. Oleh karena itu, perancah PVA/PCL/ZrO2 berlapis gelatin merupakan kandidat yang baik digunakan untuk aplikasi rekayasa jaringan tulang.

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As a crucial component of the human skeletal system, bone possesses intrinsic self-regenerative capabilities. However, these regenerative capacities can be compromised by factors such as aging, the extent of injury, and the presence of certain diseases. Recent advancements in medical science have led to the development of bone tissue engineering scaffolds as a promising therapeutic solution. In this study, scaffolds were fabricated using a blend of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polycaprolactone (PCL), with the addition of zirconia (ZrO2) for its high mechanical strength, and surface modification through gelatin coating. The scaffolds were produced using the freeze-drying method, resulting in five distinct groups: PVA/PCL, gelatin coated PVA/PCL, gelatin coated PVA/PCL/2,5%ZrO2, gelatin coated PVA/PCL/5%ZrO2, and gelatin coated PVA/PCL/7,5%ZrO2. The scaffolds physicochemical properties were characterized by a compressive strength ranging from 4 to 19 MPa; pore sizes between 102 and 209 μm with porosity levels from 67% to 83%; hydrophilic surfaces with swelling ratios from 224% to 452%; and a rapid degradation rate with a weight loss ranging from 49% to 77% by the seventh day. These physicochemical characteristics indicate that the scaffolds emulate the compressive strength and porosity of cancellous bone. The addition of zirconia significantly enhanced mechanical strength and decelerated the degradation rate. Consequently, gelatin coated PVA/PCL/ZrO2 scaffolds are viable candidates for applications in bone tissue engineering."

"Fraktur tulang merupakan kondisi kerusakan pada sebagian atau seluruh kontinuitas tulang yang dapat menyebabkan beberapa komplikasi seperti infeksi, pendarahan, kerusakan pada saraf dan pembuluh darah, dan defek. graphine oxide/hidroksiapatit/fibrin, functionalized graphite/hidroksiapatit/fibrin, functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes/hidroksiapatit/fibrin, dan hidroksiapatit/fibrin perancah HAp/F memiliki ukuran pori 0,5 – 4,1 μm, GO/HAp/F 2,6 – 6,1 μm, fG/HAp/F 0,7 – 14,1 μm dan fMWCNT/HAp/F 1,5 – 11,1 μm. Terdapat gugus PO43- , O-H, C-H, C-O alifatik, dan amida I pada setiap kelompok perancah. Dengan penambahan gugus fungsi C=O pada perancah dengan penambahan material karbon. Nilai kekuatan tekan pada perancah GO/HAp/F, fG/HAp/F, dan fMWCNT/HAp/F sesuai dengan kekuatan tekan cancellous bone. Persentase porositas paling besar padaperancah GO/HAp/F sebesar 9,99 ± 2,85%. Perancah GO/HAp/F memiliki persentase swelling yang paling tinggi dan laju degradasi yang paling lambat. Sedangkan retensi yang paling baik ditunjukkan oleh perancah fG/HAp/F dengan persentase 8,27%. Berdasarkan keseluruhan hasil, perancah HAp/F dengan penambahan material GO mempunyai karakteristik fisika-kimia yang lebih baik pada penelitian ini dibandingkan dengan perancah fMWCNT atau fG.

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A fracture is a condition when the continuity of the bone is broken causing several complications such as infection, bleeding, damage to nerves and blood vessels, and disability. In this research, the solution offered is to fabricate a scaffold with a combination of biomaterials or composites in the form of graphine oxide/hydroxyapatite/fibrin, functionalized graphite/hydroxyapatite/fibrin, functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes/hydroxyapatite/fibrin, and hydroxyapatite/fibrin. Scaffolds were synthesized using the freeze-drying method. This study aims to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of the four groups of scaffolds. Based on the results of SEM-EDS, the HAp/F scaffold has a pore size of 0.5 – 4.1 μm, GO/HAp/F has 2.6 – 6.1 μm, fG/HAp/F has 0.7 – 14.1 μm and fMWCNT/HAp/F has 1.5 – 11.1 μm. There were PO43- , O-H, C-H, aliphatic C-O and amide I groups in each scaffold. Additionally the C=O functional group on the scaffold with the addition of carbon material. The compressive strength values of GO/HAp/F, fG/HAp/F, and fMWCNT/HAp/F scaffolds correspond to the compressive strength of the cancellous bone. The highest percentage of porosity is GO/HAp/F scaffolds with 9.99 ± 2.85%. GO/HAp/F scaffolds had the highest swelling percentage and the slowest degradation rate. Meanwhile, the best retention was shown by fG/HAp/F scaffold with a percentage of 8.27%. Based on the overall results, the HAp/F scaffold with the addition of GO material had better physico-chemical characteristics in this study than fMWCNT or fG scaffolds."