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"Kewajiban divestasi bagi investor asing di bidang pertambangan mineral dan batubara sebelum berlakunya Undang-Undang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara No. 4 Tahun 2009 diatur dalam perjanjian yang dibuat antara perusahaan pertambangan dengan pemerintah. Namun ketentuan dalam perjanjian tersebut tidak secara jelas mengatur proses pelaksanaan divestasi bagi saham asing. Hal ini menimbulkan berbagai masalah yang mengakibatkan terhambatnya proses divestasi tersebut.Analisis atas permasalahan yang menghambat proses divestasi ini dilakukan dengan metode yuridis normatif serta mengambil tiga contoh perusahaan pertambangan besar yang mengalami masalah dalam pelaksanaan proses divestasi tersebut, yaitu PT Kaltim Prima Coal, PT International Nickel Indonesia Tbk, dan PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara. Berbagai upaya dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah atas ketiga kasus tersebut, namun hingga saat ini proses divestasi ketiga perusahaan tersebut masih bermasalah.

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Before the effectivity of Law No. 4 Year 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining, the obligation of divestment for foreign investor in mineral and coal mining has been regulated in a contract between the mining corporation and the government. Nevertheless, those contract did not arrange the process of divestment clearly. Because of that, many problems that can obstruck the divestment process have been arise.The analitical review of this problems is using the legal-normative method with explaining the cases of three big mining companies which have problems around the divestment process. The three companies are PT Kaltim Prima Coal, PT International Nickel Indonesia Tbk, and PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara. Various efforts have been tried to solve divestment problems in those companies, but until this time there are still problems around their divestment process."

"Tesis ini menganalisis tentang pelaksanaan kewajiban penyesuaian Kontrak Karya Pertambangan di Indonesia dengan UU Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara (UU Nomor 4 Tahun 2009), terutama terkait dengan kewajiban peningkatan nilai tambah hasil penambangan mineral di dalamnegeri. Secara lebih khusus tesis ini akan mengkaji pelaksanaan kewajiban PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara (PT NNT) selaku pemegang Kontrak Karya untuk melakukan kegiatan pemurnian mineral di dalam negeri. Oleh karena jumlah dan/atau kapasitas pabrik pengolahan dan pemurnian mineral (smelter) tidak sebanding dengan jumlah material tambang yang diproduksi di Indonesia, maka pelaksanaan kewajiban pemurnian mineral di dalam negeri sesuai ketentuan UU Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 akan berdampak pada pembatasan ekspor bijih atau barang mentah pada tahun 2014. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pada tahun 2014PT NNT diproyeksikan tidak dapat memenuhi kewajibannya untuk melakukan kegiatan pemurnian di dalam negeri. Terkait dengan hal tersebut penulis mencoba mengkaji akibat hukum yang akan timbul akibat tidak dapat dipenuhinya kewajiban PT NNT untuk melaksanakan kewajiban peningkatan nilai tambah hasil penambangan mineral di dalam negeri. Pelaksanaan kewajiban peningkatan nilai tambah hasil penambangan mineral di dalam negeri (dalam jangka menengah dan jangka panjang) akan menghasilkan dampak beruntun ekonomi yang positif, meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pendapatan masyarakat Indonesia.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, penulis menyarankan agar Pemerintah segera menyelesaikan proses renegosiasi Kontrak Karya PT NNT serta menjalankan secara konsisten ketentuan UU Nomor 4 Tahun 2009.

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This thesis analyzed the implementation of the obligations of the Contract of Work Mining adjustments in Indonesia with Law Number 4 Year 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining (Law No. 4 Year 2009), mainly related to the obligation of incrasing value-added minerals mining in the country. More specifically this thesis will examine the implementation of the obligations of PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara (PT NNT) as the holder of the Contract of Work for

mineral refining activities in the country. Because of the number and/or capacity mineral processing and refining plant (smelter) is not comparable to the amount of material produced in the Indonesian mining, the implementation of the mineral refining obligations in the country according to the provisions of Law No. 4 Year

2009 will have an impact on export restrictions on ore or raw material in 2014. The research concludes that the projected 2014 PT NNT can not fulfill its obligation to carry out mineral refining activities in the country. In this regard the author attempts to analyze the legal consequences that would arise due to PT NNT

could not filling the obligation to increase the value-added mineral in the country. Implementation of the obligations of increased value-added mineral mined in the country (in the medium and long term) will result in a positive economic impact streak, improving economic growth and income Indonesian people. Based on these results, the authors suggested that the government will soon complete the

renegotiation process Contract of Work PT NNT and consistently execute the provisions of Law No. 4 Year 2009."

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang Tinjauan Yuridis Mengenai Pengaturan Divestasi dalam Penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara, dengan Studi Kasus Kegiatan Pertambangan Mangan di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena adanya penerapan kewajiban divestasi di sektor pertambangan minerba, yang menimbulkan kekhawatiran bagi para penanam modal asing dalam melakukan kegiatan di sektor pertambangan. Daerah Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) diambil, karena daerah tersebut saat ini tumbuh dengan pesat sebagai salah satu daerah baru tujuan penanaman modal, dengan memiliki potensi pertambangan khususnya dalam sektor pertambangan minerba, dengan potensi mangan khususnya. Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran terkait regulasi pertambangan minerba dan penanaman modal dalam pelaksanaan divestasi disektor pertambangan yang ada saat ini, utamanya terkait dalam upaya memberikan kepastian hukum bagi para penanam modal asing, (utamanya dalam kegiatan pertambangan mangan yang ada di NTT). Penelitian ini jenis penelitian yuridis normatif, karena penelitian ini mengkaji norma hukum yang tertulis terkait pertambangan minerba, yang dilakukan dengan penelitian sistematik hukum, sehingga penelitian dilakukan terhadap hal-hal meliputi subjek hukum, hak dan kewajiban, peristiwa hukum, hubungan hukum, dan objek hukum yang terkait. Adapun temuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa, divestasi bukan merupakan hal yang menimbulkan adanya ketidakpastian hukum. Divestasi yang ada hanya merupakan upaya pengaturan negara dalam mengelola SDA minerba yang ada, namun dalam upaya tetap memperhatikan peluang-peluang ekonomi yang tidak hanya berpotensi memberi keuntungan bagi negara, tapi juga pelaku usaha. Dalam hal ini pemerintah juga menjalankan fungsinya sebagai pelaku usaha (entrepreneur) dalam mengelola sektor pertambangan yang ada. Permasalahan-permasalahan pada tahapan perencanaan, perizinan, dan adanya benturan antara UU Minerba dengan aturan sektoral lainlah yang menjadi masalah utama.

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This research discusses the legal analysis of divestment arrangements within the application of Act No. 4 Year 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining (Mineral and Coal Act) with a case study on manganese mining activities in East Nusa Tenggara Province. This research is performed on the grounds of divestment requirements in mineral and coal mining sector, which raises concern for foreign investors in mining activities. East Nusa Tenggara is the region of focus in this research because that region grows rapidly as one of the new investment destinations, with a mining potential especially in mineral and coal mining sector and with manganese potential in particular.

This research generally aims to draw the picture of the implementation of divestment in relation to the existing regulations on the mineral and coal mining and on investment, mainly with regards to the provision of legal certainty for foreign investors looking to invest in the manganese mining activities in East Nusa Tenggara. This research is legal-normative in nature, because this research studies the written legal norms relating to the mineral and coal mining, which is performed as a systematic legal research such that it is performed on the matters covering the legal subjects, rights and duties, legal events, legal connection, and the related legal objects.

The main finding of this research is that divestment is not the source of legal uncertainty. The divestment serves only as State's efforts to manage existing mineral and coal natural resources, and whose efforts still keep in mind the economic opportunities that potentially benefit both the State as well as the businesses. With this regard, the government also functions as entrepreneur in management the mining sector. The issues in the planning and licensing stages and the conflicts between Mineral and Coal Act with the other sectoral regulations are the actual culprit of legal uncertainty. "

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai penerbitan dan pencabutan Izin Usaha Pertambangan (IUP), khususnya terkait dengan tumpang tindih IUP yang dapat terjadi baik antar IUP maupun dengan sektor lain seperti sektor kehutanan. Hal tersebut perlu segera diselesaikan karena dapat menimbulkan ketidakpastian dalam penanaman modal dibidang pertambangan di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian yuridis normatif menunjukkan bahwa penerbitan IUP dilakukan setelah pemohon atau peserta lelang mendapatkan Wilayah Izin Usaha Pertambangan dan memenuhi syarat untuk mendapatkan IUP. Sedangkan pencabutan IUP dapat dilakukan jika pemegang IUP tidak memenuhi kewajiban dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Terkait dengan pencabutan IUP PT Ridlatama Tambang Mineral (PT RTM) hal tersebut telah tepat, karena PT RTM tidak memenuhi kewajibannya untuk memiliki Izin Pinjam Pakai Kawasan Hutan untuk melakukan kegiatan pertambangan di kawasan hutan. Untuk mencegah timbulnya tumpang tindih IUP, dibutuhkan peningkatan koordinasi antara Pemerintah dan Pemerintah Daerah, baik yang sifatnya sektoral maupun yang sifatnya lintas sektoral. Selain itu peningkatan pengawasan oleh Pemerintah terhadap penerbitan dan pencabutan IUP yang dilakukan oleh Kepala Daerah di Indonesia juga diperlukan.

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This essay examines the issuance and revocation of Mining Business License (IUP), specifically related to the overlapping IUP which can occur either between IUP or with other sectors like forestry. The overlapping of IUP need to be resolved immediately seeing that it may cause uncertainty for investments in Indonesia’s mining industry. Normative juridical research results show that the issuance of IUP can be conducted after the applicant or bidders get Mining Business License Area and eligible as IUP holder. While the revocation of IUP can be done if the IUP holder does not fulfill the obligations under the laws and regulations. Related to the revocation of IUP PT Ridlatama Tambang Mineral (PT RTM), such decision was right, because PT RTM does not fulfill its obligation to have Izin Pinjam Pakai Kawasan Hutan to conduct mining activities in forest areas. To prevent the overlapping Mining Business License, an increased coordination between Government and Local Government is needed, be it sectorial or cross-sectorial in nature. Furthermore, the government must establish oversight towards the issuance and revocation of mining licenses by Regent and Governor in Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKIndonesia memiliki suatu sistem hukum pertambangan dalam mengatur penanamanmodal asing dalam bidang pertambangan yaitu sistem kontrak karya yang dimulaipada tahun 1967 hingga tahun 2008. Pada tahun 2009, terjadi perubahan paradigmahukum pertambangan setelah Indonesia mengeluarkan suatu undang-undang baruyang mengatur pengusahaan pertambangan mineral dan batubara yaitu Undang-Undang No. 4 Tahun 2009 Tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara, yangmemiliki suatu sistem perijinan untuk menggantikan sistem kontrak karya. Tesisini meneliti hukum pertambangan Indonesia dengan digantinya sistem kontrakkarya dengan suatu paradigma hukum baru yang mengacu pada prinsip perijinandengan Izin Usaha Pertambangan, dimulai dari penelitian dasar-dasar hukumpertambangan mineral, latar belakang hukum pertambangan Indonesia dan sistemhukum pertambangan mineral dengan sistem hukum perizinan. Fokus spesifikditekankan dalam hal dalam hal kepastian hukum dan kesesuaian dengan tujuanUndang-undang No. 4 Tahun 2009 Tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubarayaitu dapat memberikan hasil untuk sebesar-besar kemakmuran rakyat. Metodepenelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan tesis ini adalah metode yuridisnormatif yang bersifat kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwamengganti konrak karya dengan izin belum dapat menjamin kepastian hukumdalam bidang pertambangan mineral dan batubara sehingga tujuan hukumpertambangan untuk digunakan untuk sebesar-besar kemakmuran rakyat belumdapat dicapai.

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ABSTRACTIndonesia had a mining law system to regulate foreign investment on mining whichwas contract of work system, starting on year 1967 to 2008. On the year 2009,there is a change on mining law paradigm after Indonesia released new law inregulating mineral and coal mining business. The law is Law of the Republic ofIndonesia Number 4 Of 2009 Concerning Mineral and Coal mining with alicensing system to replace contract of work. This thesis deals with the study ofIndonesian mining law on the changing of contract of work system with newmining law paradigm with licensing system, starting on the study of the basic ofmineral law, backgrounds of Indonesian mining law, and the mineral mining legalsystem, certainty of law and prosperity of the People. Specific focus is stressed onthe principal of certainty of law and the compliance of new law to its purpose ofgiving maximum prosperity to the people. Research method used on this thesis isjuridical normative with qualitative research. This study conclude that replacingcontract of work with licensing sistem has not resulted on certainty of law onmineral and coai mining, therefore maximum prosperity of the people targeted bythis law will not be achieved yet."

"Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 2012 tentang Perubahan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 23 Tahun 2010 tentang Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Usaha Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara mengatur mengenai kewajiban divestasi saham pemegang izin usaha pertambangan asing, namun pada kenyataannya peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut masih memiliki ketidaklengkapan dan ketidakjelasan pengaturan, diantaranya mengenai mekanisme dan tata cara divestasi saham; prosedur penawaran; pilihan tata cara, kriteria penilaian, dan penetapan harga saham. Selain itu masih terdapat masalah, antara lain potensi sengketa dan renegosiasi KK/PKP2B sebagai akibat pengenaan kewajiban divestasi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini menganalisis secara kritis dan preskriptif mengenai: (1) peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur divestasi saham di bidang pertambangan mineral dan batubara serta analisis mengenai pembentukan dan penerapan peraturan perundang-undangan divestasi di bidang pertambangan mineral dan batubara; (2) tujuan pelaksanaan kewajiban divestasi saham di bidang pertambangan mineral dan batubara serta hambatan yang timbul dalam pencapaian tujuan divestasi saham; (3) persoalan hukum yang terjadi dan yang mungkin akan terjadi dalam pelaksanaan kewajiban divestasi saham di bidang pertambangan mineral dan batubara serta penyelesaian persoalannya dalam rangka pelaksanaan penanaman modal asing. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian yuridis-normatif. Pendekatan dalam penelitian hukum ini bersifat kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengaturan divestasi saham telah dimulai sejak Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 1967 sampai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 serta peraturan pelaksanaannya. Pengaturan yang telah ada dan masih berlaku tersebut, belum dapat diterapkan secara implementatif karena proses dan hasil pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan memiliki beberapa kelemahan. Selanjutnya penelitian juga menunjukan hasil bahwa divestasi saham berperan antara lain dalam rangka memastikan kepatuhan perusahaan dalam pembayaran pajak, royalti, dan kewajiban tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan; serta membangun tata kelola dan pengawasan yang lebih baik. Sedangkan hambatan pelaksanaan divestasi saham antara lain hambatan modal, realisasi divestasi pemegang saham asing rendah, dan kemauan politik Pemerintah dan pemerintah daerah. Selanjutnya hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukan bahwa masih banyak persoalan divestasi saham yang ada, diantaranya mengenai potensi sengketa divestasi dan pilihan mekanisme divestasi. Penyelesaian persoalan divestasi saham tersebut dapat dilakukan antara lain melalui pembentukan dan penguatan sovereign wealth funds sebagai unit pengelola divestasi saham; pembentukan holding BUMN di bidang pertambangan mineral dan batubara; pembentukan perusahaan konsorsium; serta renegosiasi KK dan PKP2B.

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Act Number 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining and Government Regulation Number 24 of 2012 on Revision of Government Regulation Number 23 of 2010 on Implementation of Mineral and Coal Mining Business Activity regulate share divestment of foreign mining business permit holder, however, in reality the said legislative regulations are still incomplete and vague in regulatory aspect, among others, on mechanism and procedure of share divestment; procedure of offer; choice of procedure, criteria of selection, and stipulation of share price. Moreover, there remains problems, among others are potential of dispute and KK and PKP2B renegotiation as a result of imposition of divestment obligation.

Based on the above, this research is to analyze critically and prescriptively on: (1) legislative regulations which regulate share divestment in mineral and coal mining area and analysis on making and application of legislative regulations in mineral and coal mining area; (2) goal of share divestment obligation in mineral and coal mining area and obstacle that might occur in reaching the goal of share divestment; (3) legal problem that happens and that might happen in implementation of share divestment obligation in mineral and coal mining area, together with settlement of the problem in the frame of foreign investment implementation. The research method being used is normative-juridical method, and the approach in this legal research is qualitative in nature.

The result of research shows that arrangement of share divestment has begun since Act Number 11 of 1967 until Act Number 4 of 2009 and their implementing regulations. The regulations that have existed and are still valid, cannot be applied because the process and result of making such legislative regulations have some weaknesses. In addition the research also shows the result that share divestment has important role among others, to make certain compliance of the company in payment of tax, royalty, and corporate social responsibility; and develop better governance and supervision. While the obstacles of share divestment, among others are capital, low realization of foreign shareholders divestment, and political will of Government and local government. Furthermore, the result of this research also shows there are still many problems of existing share divestment, among others are potential of divestment dispute and choice of divestment mechanism. Settlement for share divestment problem can be conducted, among others, through creation and reinforcement of sovereign wealth funds as share divestment management unit; creation of SOE holding in mineral and coal mining area; creation of consortium company; and renegotiation of KK and PKP2B."

"[ABSTRAKPertambangan mineral dan batuan merupakan salah satu sektor strategis dalam perekonomian dunia. Nilai guna yang tinggi serta diharuskannya suatu perusahaan tambang untuk menetap dalan jangka waktu yang lama di dalam wilayah suatu negara menjadikan sektor ini menjadi sangat strategis baik secara ekonomi maupun politik. Sektor pertambangan mineral dan batuan seperti layaknya pertambangan migas, umumnya masih dikuasai oleh MNCs dan perusahaan pertambangan dari negara maju, sementara sumber daya mineral dan batuan mayoritas berada pada negara berkembang yang miskin teknologi. Hal ini menciptakan suatu kondisi dimana negara berkembang sering merasa dirugikan dengan kondisi dimana mereka hanya dapat memproduksi barang tambang mentah dan diharuskan membeli kembali hasil olahan dari barang tambang mentah yang berasal dari negara mereka. Hal ini pula yang membuat banyak negara berkembang mengeluarkan kebijakan yang bercorak resource nationalism guna mengejar kepentingan ekonomi maupun kepentingan politik.Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara penghasil komoditas tambang mineral dan batuan yang cukup besar. Sedikitnya dua puluh komoditas tambang mineral dan batuan diproduksi oleh Indonesia. Namun sebagaimana negara berkembang lain, sektor pertambangan mineral dan Batuan Indonesia masih didominasi oleh MNCs dan perusahaan pertambangan Asing. Hal yang mengejutkan kemudian dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia dimana pada periode tahun 2009 hingga tahun 2014, pemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkan kebijakan yang bercorak resource nationalism. Pergeseran kebijakan ini menjadi suatu hal yang menarik dimana sebelumnya kebijakan di sektor tersebut cenderung bercorak liberalis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab dilakukannya pergeseran kebijakan di sektor pertambangan mineral dan batuan Indonesia menuju penerapan prinsip-prinsip resource nationalism pada periode tersebut.

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ABSTARCTMineral and ores mining is one of the most strategic sectors in world economy. High value of usage and the obligation of the mining companies to stay in other country's sovereign territory for a long period of time makes this sector very strategic economically and politically. Mineral and ores mining just like oil and gas mining, is usually dominated by MNCs and mining companies from the developed countries, while the mineral and ores resources is often located in developing countries that are lacking in technology to exploit it. This creates condition where the developing countries often feels at disadvantages, because they can only produce the raw materials, and in return they have to purchase the processed products which originally made from the raw materials from their own countries. This also causes many developing countries create policies that are associated with resource nationalism to pursue economic ends and also political ends.Indonesia is one of the biggest mineral and ores commodities producing countries. At least twenty kind of mineral and ores commodities are produced by Indonesia. However, just like many other developing countries, mineral and ores mining sector in Indonesia is still dominated by MNCs and foreign mining companies. In the period between 2009 and 2014, Indonesian government created some shocking policies in their mineral and ores mining sector that associated with resource nationalism. This political shift towards more resource nationalist policies is interesting to observe because previously mineral and ores mining policies in Indonesia is considered to be more liberal. This research aims to analyze what causes the shift on indonesian mineral and ores mining sector towards resource nationalism on that period;Mineral and ores mining is one of the most strategic sectors in world economy. High value of usage and the obligation of the mining companies to stay in other country's sovereign territory for a long period of time makes this sector very strategic economically and politically. Mineral and ores mining just like oil and gas mining, is usually dominated by MNCs and mining companies from the developed countries, while the mineral and ores resources is often located in developing countries that are lacking in technology to exploit it. This creates condition where the developing countries often feels at disadvantages, because they can only produce the raw materials, and in return they have to purchase the processed products which originally made from the raw materials from their own countries. This also causes many developing countries create policies that are associated with resource nationalism to pursue economic ends and also political ends.Indonesia is one of the biggest mineral and ores commodities producing countries. At least twenty kind of mineral and ores commodities are produced by Indonesia. However, just like many other developing countries, mineral and ores mining sector in Indonesia is still dominated by MNCs and foreign mining companies. In the period between 2009 and 2014, Indonesian government created some shocking policies in their mineral and ores mining sector that associated with resource nationalism. This political shift towards more resource nationalist policies is interesting to observe because previously mineral and ores mining policies in Indonesia is considered to be more liberal. This research aims to analyze what causes the shift on indonesian mineral and ores mining sector towards resource nationalism on that period, Mineral and ores mining is one of the most strategic sectors in world economy. High value of usage and the obligation of the mining companies to stay in other country's sovereign territory for a long period of time makes this sector very strategic economically and politically. Mineral and ores mining just like oil and gas mining, is usually dominated by MNCs and mining companies from the developed countries, while the mineral and ores resources is often located in developing countries that are lacking in technology to exploit it. This creates condition where the developing countries often feels at disadvantages, because they can only produce the raw materials, and in return they have to purchase the processed products which originally made from the raw materials from their own countries. This also causes many developing countries create policies that are associated with resource nationalism to pursue economic ends and also political ends.Indonesia is one of the biggest mineral and ores commodities producing countries. At least twenty kind of mineral and ores commodities are produced by Indonesia. However, just like many other developing countries, mineral and ores mining sector in Indonesia is still dominated by MNCs and foreign mining companies. In the period between 2009 and 2014, Indonesian government created some shocking policies in their mineral and ores mining sector that associated with resource nationalism. This political shift towards more resource nationalist policies is interesting to observe because previously mineral and ores mining policies in Indonesia is considered to be more liberal. This research aims to analyze what causes the shift on indonesian mineral and ores mining sector towards resource nationalism on that period]"

"ABSTRAKUndang-undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara mengganti sistem kontrak karya sistem perizinan. Undang-undang tersebut menentukan bahwa kontrak karya yang telah ada sebelum UU ini dikeluarkan dinyatakan tetap berlaku hingga jangka waktunya berakhir sehingga pemegang kontrak karya masih dapat melanjutkan kegiatan pengusahaan pertambangannya dengan landasan kontrak. Namun selanjutnya pada tahun 2017, Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral mengeluarkan Peraturan Menteri ESDM Nomor 15 Tahun 2017 tentang Tata Cara Pemberian Izin Usaha Pertambangan Khusus Operasi Produksi sebagai Kelanjutan Operasi Kontrak Karya atau Perjanjian Karya Pengusahaan Pertambangan Batubara dan Peraturan Menteri ESDM Nomor 28 Tahun 2017 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Menteri ESDM Nomor 05 Tahun 2018 tentang Peningkatan Nilai Tambah Mineral Melalui Kegiatan Pengolahan dan Pemurnian Mineral di Dalam Negeri. Kedua peraturan ini menjadi dasar hukum bagi pemberian Izin Usaha Pertambangan Khusus bagi pemegang kontrak karya tanpa mengakhiri kontrak karya yang berlaku sehingga pada satu kegiatan pengusahaan pertambangan terdapat dua instrumen yang berlaku sebagai landasannya yakni kontrak karya dan izin pertambangan. Skripsi ini meneliti bagaimana kontrak karya sebagai perjanjian dan Izin Usaha Pertambangan Khusus sebagai suatu izin berlaku secara bersamaan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah metode yuridis-normatif yang bersifat kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa kontrak karya dan Izin Usaha Pertambangan Khusus tidak dapat diberlakukan secara bersamaan pada satu kegiatan tambang yang sama karena menimbulkan beberapa implikasi hukum dan tidak memberikan kepastian hukum. Kata kunci:Kontrak karya, Izin Usaha Pertambangan Khusus, Pertambangan Mineral.

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ABSTRACTLaw Number 4 Year 2009 concerning Mineral dan Coal Mining replaces the contract of work system with a licensing system in mining activities. This Law states that all existing contract of works are still honoured until the stipulated expiry date therefore contract of work holder may continue their business based on the contract. However in 2017, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources issued Regulation Number 15 Year 2017 concerning Procedures for the Granting of Mining Business License for Production Operation as a Continuation of Contract of Work Operation or Coal Mining Concession Working Agreement and Regulation Number 28 Year 2017 concerning Amendment to Regulation of Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Number 05 Year 2018 on Increasing Mineral Added Value through In Country Mineral Processing and Refinery. These two rules provide the legal basis for the granting of a special mining license for the holder of the contract of work without terminating the applicable contract of work therefore in one mining operation there are two instruments that serve as the basis of the mining activity. This thesis deals with how the contract of work as an agreement and the Special Mining Business License as a license are both valid at the same time. Research method used on this thesis is juridical normative with qualitative research. This study concludes the contract of work and the Special Mining Business License can not be applied simultaneously on the same mining activity as it raises some legal implications and does not provide legal certainty. Key words Contract of work, Special Mining Licence, Mineral Mining "

"Kegiatan pertambangan mineral dan batubara memicu lahirnya permasalahan terhadap lingkungan hidup. Negara, sebagai pemegang hak penguasaan negara terhadap sumber daya tambang di Indonesia telah memberikan kewajiban bagi pemegang izin pertambangan melalui peraturan perundang-undangan untuk melaksanakan reklamasi pada area bekas kegiatan tambang. Sebagai bentuk internalisasi eksternalitas akibat dari kegiatan tambang, pemegang izin selaku pelaku usaha juga wajib untuk menempatkan dana jaminan reklamasi. Dana jaminan reklamasi sebagai instrumen ekonomi lingkungan hidup, atau yang sering disebut sebagai reclamation bond/performance bond dalam berbagai tulisan ilmiah hukum lingkungan, seharusnya mampu untuk memenuhi biaya kerusakan lingkungan akibat kegiatan pertambangan. Melalui perbandingan dengan praktik di negara lain, serta wawancara dengan ahli hukum administrasi negara, ahli hukum lingkungan, pemegang izin pertambangan, danInspektur Tambang Kementerian ESDM yang terlibat langsung untuk mengawasi dana jaminan reklamasi di Indonesia, maka dalam penelitian ini dijabarkan mengenai berbagai tantangan dan permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam implementasi dana jaminan reklamasi serta penegakkan hukum atas dana jaminan reklamasi. Permasalahan tersebut antara lain, banyaknya pemegang izin pertambangan yang masih melanjutkan kegiatan tambangnya bahkan sampai izinnya telah berakhir, tetapi belum juga menempatkan dana jaminan reklamasi.

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Mineral and coal mining activities trigger environmental problems. The state, as the holder of state control rights over mining resources in Indonesia has given obligations to holders of mining permits through statutory regulations, to carry out reclamation in areas of former mining activities. As a form of internalizing externalities resulting from mining activities, license holders as business actors are also required to place reclamation guarantee funds. A reclamation guarantee fund as an environmental economic instrument, or what is often referred to as a reclamation bond/performance bond in various environmental law scientific writings, should be able to cover the cost of environmental damage caused by mining activities. Through comparisons with practices in other countries, as well as interviews with state administrative law experts, environmental law experts, and Mining Inspectors of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources who are directly involved in overseeing reclamation guarantee funds in Indonesia, this research describes the various challenges and problems faced in implementing reclamation guarantee fund as well as law enforcement on reclamation guarantee fund. These problems include, among others, the large number of mining permit holders who continue their mining activities even after the license has expired, but have not yet placed a reclamation guarantee fund."

"Pertambangan mineral dan batubara merupakan salah satu kegiatan usaha yang menguras sumber daya alam yang begitu masif dan memiliki dampak kerusakan dan pencemaran lingkungan yang tinggi. Sebagai upaya untuk mendorong akan kegiatan usaha pertambangan mineral dan batubara dapat dikendalikan agar terselenggaranya fungsi pelestarian lingkungan hidup maka dikenalkanlah kebijakan hukum instrumen ekonomi lingkungan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Namun demikian, instrumen ekonomi lingkungan hidup dalam undang-undang tersebut belumlah dianggap ideal bagi kegiatan usaha pertambangan mineral dan batubara yang berkelanjutan, sehingga dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja (UU CK) diaturlah berbagai instrumen ekonomi lingkungan di sektor pertambangan mineral dan batubara, yaitu pengenaan royalti 0% (nol persen) bagi pelaku usaha pertambangan yang mengembangan dan memanfaatkan batubara, seperti untuk Dimethyl Ether (DME) dan Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG). Selain itu, diatur pula mengenai pengenaan pertambangan batubara sebagai barang kena pajak penghasilan (PPN) 10% (sepuluh persen). Penelitian ini melakukan kajian terdapat pelaksanaan kebijakan instrumen ekonomi lingkungan setelah ditetapkan UU CK dengan studi kasus di PT Bukit Asam Tbk. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk menguji efektifitas kebijakan instrumen ekonomi lingkungan. Metode penelitian ini yaitu metode kualitatif dengan analisis data deksriptif-analitis. Hasil penelitian ini pengenaan royalti 0% (nol persen) bagi pelaku usaha pertambangan yang mengembangan dan memanfaatkan batubara dan pengenaan pertambangan batubara sebagai barang kena pajak penghasilan (PPN) 10% (sepuluh persen) belum efektif, serta PT Bukit Asam hanya menerapkan sebagian instrumen ekonomi lingkungan model perencanaan pembangunan dan kegiatan ekonomi, pendanaan lingkungan, dan insentif/disinsentif.

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Mineral and coal mining is one of the business activities that drains natural resources so massively and has a high impact on environmental damage and pollution. In an effort to encourage mining and coal business activities to be controlled so that the function of environmental conservation can be implemented, a policy on environmental economic law instruments was introduced in Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. However, the environmental economic instruments in the law are not yet considered ideal for sustainable mineral and coal mining business activities, so Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation (UU CK) regulates various environmental economic instruments in the mineral and coal mining, namely the imposition of a 0% (zero percent) royalty for mining business actors who develop and utilize coal, such as for Dimethyl Ether (DME) and Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG). In addition, it also regulates the imposition of coal mining as income taxable goods (VAT) 10% (ten percent). This study examines the implementation of the environmental economic instrument policy after the CK Law was enacted with a case study at PT Bukit Asam Tbk. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the environmental economic policy instrument. This research method is a qualitative method with descriptive-analytical analysis of the data. The results of this study are the imposition of 0% (zero percent) royalties for mining business actors who develop and utilize coal and the imposition of coal mining as income taxable goods (VAT) 10% (ten percent) has not been effective, and PT Bukit Asam only applies some economic instruments. environmental development planning model and economic activity, environment, and incentives/disincentives."