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"Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli (PPJB) lunas yang dibuat dibawah tangan merupakan suatu bentuk perjanjian pendahuluan yang dibuat oleh para pihak secara tertulis dan dibuktikan melalui kuitansi pembayaran lunas. Perjanjian pendahuluan tersebut dimaksudkan untuk mengawali dilakukannya perbuatan hukum jual beli hak atas tanah. Perjanjian yang dilakukan dibawah tangan masih banyak ditemukan di masyarakat meskipun pada kenyataannya, nilai pembuktian dari perjanjian dibawah tangan tidak sekuat perjanjian yang dituangkan ke dalam akta notariil. PPJB lunas yang dibuat dibawah tangan dalam kenyataannya dapat memicu terjadinya sengketa sebagaimana ditemukan dalam kasus Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Subang Nomor 11/Pdt.G/2023/PN.Sng. Perkara yang ada dalam putusan tersebut adalah berkaitan dengan PPJB lunas dibawah tangan yang dibuat antar Perseroan Terbatas (PT) untuk mengawali dilakukannya perbuatan hukum jual beli hak atas tanah dengan status Hak Milik. Oleh karena itu masalah yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah tentang akibat  hukum dari PPJB lunas yang dilakukan dibawah tangan antar PT dalam jual beli Hak Milik Atas Tanah dan pertimbangan hakim dalam putusannya berkenaan dengan hal tersebut. Penelitian doktrinal ini mengumpulkan data sekunder melalui studi kepustakaan yang selanjutnya dianalisis secara kualitatif. Dari hasil analisis dapat dijelaskan bahwa PPJB lunas dibawah tangan antar PT dalam perbuatan hukum jual beli hak atas tanah adalah semestinya batal demi hukum karena PT tidak berhak memiliki, menjual ataupun menguasai Hak Milik atas tanah. Adapun pertimbangan hakim berkenaan dengan perbuatan hukum jual beli hak atas tanah dengan status Hak Milik (HM) antar PT melalui PPJB dibawah tangan adalah didasarkan pada hukum adat terkait jual beli yakni dipenuhinya syarat terang dan tunai sehingga PPJB lunas dibawah tangan dinyatakan dapat diakui. Selanjutnya hakim memerintahkan untuk menerbitkan Sertipikat Hak Milik dengan nama PT. Citra Mutiara Agung melalui kantor pertanahan setempat. Hal ini tentu saja perlu dikritisi karena PPJB belum dapat mengalihkan hak atas tanah dan kepada PT tidak dapat diberikan hak penguasaan atas tanah dengan status HM sehingga semestinya status hak penguasaan atas tanah diturunkan menjadi Hak Guna Bangunan (HGB) agar PT dapat secara sah menguasainya

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A fully paid Sales and Purchase Agreement (PPJB) is a form of preliminary agreement made by the parties in writing and proven by a receipt for payment in full. The preliminary agreement is intended to initiate the legal act of buying and selling land rights. Agreements made privately are still often found in society, although in reality, the evidentiary value of private agreements is not as strong as agreements outlined in notarial deeds. PPJB in full which is made privately can actually trigger disputes as found in the case of Subang District Court Decision Number 11/Pdt.G/2023/PN.Sng. The case in the decision is related to the PPJB in full in full under the hand made between Limited Liability Companies (PT) to initiate the legal action of buying and selling land rights with Ownership Rights status. Therefore, the issue raised in this research is about the legal consequences of a paid PPJB carried out under the hands of PT in the sale and purchase of land ownership rights and the judge's considerations in his decision regarding this matter. This doctrinal research collects secondary data through literature study which is then analyzed qualitatively. From the results of the analysis, it can be explained that the PPJB paid off under the hands of PT in the legal act of buying and selling land rights should be null and void because the PT has no right to own, sell or control land ownership rights. The judge's considerations regarding the legal act of buying and selling land rights with Ownership Rights (HM) status between PTs through underhand PPJB are based on customary law relating to sale and purchase, namely the fulfillment of clear and cash conditions so that the fully paid PPJB underhand can be recognized. Next, the judge ordered the issuance of a Certificate of Ownership in the name of PT. Citra Mutiara Agung through the local land office. This of course needs to be criticized because PPJB cannot transfer land rights and PT cannot be given control rights over land with HM status, so the status of land control rights should be reduced to Building Use Rights (HGB) so that PT can legally control it. "

"[Penulisan skripsi ini menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan dengan data sekunder sebagai sumber datanya. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk meneliti mengenai jual beli tanah dan bangunan yang diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan serta kedudukan dan kekuatan mengikat Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli Lunas (PPJB Lunas) dan Kuasa Jual dalam hal pengalihan hak milik atas tanah (beserta bangunan apabila diperjanjikan). Dalam skripsi ini, dianalisis satu kasus dengan empat putusan dari Pengadilan Tingkat Pertama sampai dengan Tingkat Peninjauan Kembali. Dari analisis tersebut, dapat diketahui bahwa ada dua pendapat hakim yang saling bertentangan. Pendapat pertama adalah dengan PPJB Lunas dan Kuasa Jual maka telah terjadinya peralihan hak milik atas tanah dan bangunan sedangkan pendapat kedua adalah dengan PPJB Lunas dan Kuasa Jual belum terjadi peralihan hak milik atas tanah dan bangunan. Sebagai hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedudukan dan kekuatan mengikat PPPJB Lunas dan Kuasa Jual telah mengalihkan hak milik atas tanah dan bangunan apabila dalam kenyataannya sudah terjadi perbuatan hukum dimana pembeli telah melakukan pembayaran dan telah menerima penyerahan serta menguasai tanah dan bangunan tersebut, sedangkan penjual telah menyerahkan Kuasa Jual dan tanah serta bangunan itu sendiri kepada pembeli dan penjual telah menerima pembayaran sehingga perbuatan tersebut memenuhi unsur terang, tunai dan riil sebagaimana dasar hukum jual beli tanah yang berlaku pada saat ini, serta memenuhi syarat materiil jual beli.

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This thesis was written using literary research method with secondary data as its source of data. This thesis aims to examine the mechanisms sale and purchase of land and building which is regulated in accordance with the laws and regulations and the legal standing and binding of Land and Building Conditional Sale Purchase Agreement in Full Settlement (CSPA in Full Settlement) and Power of Attorney to Sell, in connection with the transfer of right of ownership over the land (and building if agreed). This thesis will primarily analyze one legal case which went to produce four court decisions, leveling from the Court of First Instance until the Supreme Court. From this analysis, it is discovered that there are two judge’s opinion, which contradicts one to another. The first opinion is that, the CSPA in Full Settlement and Power of Attorney to Sell have transferred the right of ownership over land and building, while the second opinion is that the CSPA in Full Settlement and Power of Attorney to Sell have not transferred the right of ownership over land and building yet. As a result of this study, it can be concluded that the legal standing and binding of CSPA in Full Settlement and Power of Attorney to Sell have transferred the right of ownership over land and building when the facts of the case show that it had happened a juridical action in which the buyer has made payment and has conducted the acceptance, and possessed the land and buildings, while the seller has granted the Power of Attorney to Sell and delivered the land and building to the buyer and received the payment for it. Such action would therefore qualified for a sale and purchase that is “terang”, “tunai” and “riil”, which is the basic of legality of the sale and purchase of the land under the prevailing laws, as well as the fulfilling the material requirement of sales and purchase.

, This thesis was written using literary research method with secondary data as its source of data. This thesis aims to examine the mechanisms sale and purchase of land and building which is regulated in accordance with the laws and regulations and the legal standing and binding of Land and Building Conditional Sale Purchase Agreement in Full Settlement (CSPA in Full Settlement) and Power of Attorney to Sell, in connection with the transfer of right of ownership over the land (and building if agreed). This thesis will primarily analyze one legal case which went to produce four court decisions, leveling from the Court of First Instance until the Supreme Court. From this analysis, it is discovered that there are two judge’s opinion, which contradicts one to another. The first opinion is that, the CSPA in Full Settlement and Power of Attorney to Sell have transferred the right of ownership over land and building, while the second opinion is that the CSPA in Full Settlement and Power of Attorney to Sell have not transferred the right of ownership over land and building yet. As a result of this study, it can be concluded that the legal standing and binding of CSPA in Full Settlement and Power of Attorney to Sell have transferred the right of ownership over land and building when the facts of the case show that it had happened a juridical action in which the buyer has made payment and has conducted the acceptance, and possessed the land and buildings, while the seller has granted the Power of Attorney to Sell and delivered the land and building to the buyer and received the payment for it. Such action would therefore qualified for a sale and purchase that is “terang”, “tunai” and “riil”, which is the basic of legality of the sale and purchase of the land under the prevailing laws, as well as the fulfilling the material requirement of sales and purchase.

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