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"ABSTRAKKantor pusat dan anak perusahaan, terutama dalam hal perhatian, telah mendapat perhatian besar pada penelitiandi bidang bisnis internasional selama beberapa tahun terakhir. Berdasarkan metode tinjauan literatur, makalahini akan membahas konsep-konsep yang berkaitan dengan jarak budaya dan perhatian, serta temuan danmengusulkan konsep baru tentang bagaimana jarak budaya mempengaruhi perhatian baik positif dan negatif(kontrol) yang diberikan oleh kantor pusat terhadap anak perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adapengaruh jarak budaya pada jumlah perhatian yang diberikan terhadap anak perusahaan. Namun, penelitianlebih lanjut diperlukan untuk memahami hubungan antara jarak budaya dan perhatian.

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ABSTRACTHeadquarters and subsidiary relationships, especially in terms of attention, have received increasing researchattention in the field of international business during recent years. Based on the literature review method, thispaper will discuss concepts related to cultural distance and attention, as well as finding and proposing newconcepts on how cultural distance affects both positive and negative attention (control) exerted by headquarterstowards a subsidiary. The research shows that there is an effect of cultural distance on the amount of attentiongiven towards a subsidiary. However, further research is needed to understand the relationship between culturaldistance and attention."

"Disertasi ini menginvestigasi apakah investor individual sadar akan adanya stock split dan apakah rasio split yang lebih tinggi (sinyal informasi privat yang lebih kuat) menurunkan tingkat disposition effect. Penelitian ini menggunakan data kejadian stock split dan data transaksi investor di Bursa Efek Indonesia dari Januari 2004 hingga Desember 2017. Kami mengukur kesadaran investor individual menggunakan seberapa banyak transaksi diinisiasi oleh pembeli. Untuk menguji pengaruh sinyal stock split terhadap disposition effect, kami melakukan regresi atas tingkat imbal hasil masa lalu terhadap seberapa banyak transaksi diinisiasi oleh penjual. Kami menemukan bahwa investor individual sadar akan adanya stock split, terlebih saat rasio split-nya tinggi. Selain itu, stock split menurunkan tingkat disposition effect. Semakin tinggi rasio split, maka tingkat disposition effect akan semakin lemah.

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This dissertation investigates whether individual investors are attentive to stock splits and whether higher split ratios (stronger private information signals) reduce the disposition effect. This study employs stock split events and transaction data in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from January 2004 to December 2017. We measure individual investors’ attention using buy-initiated trades. To test the effect of split signal on disposition effect, we regress individual investors’ sell-initiated trades on past stock returns. We find that individual investors are attentive to stock splits, especially when stock split ratios are high. In turn, stock splits tend to weaken the disposition effect. The higher the stock split ratios, the weaker the disposition effect."

"Latar Belakang : Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian/Hiperaktivitas merupakan gangguan neurodevelopmental dengan prevalensi global sekitar 5-12%. Anak dengan GPPH sering menghadapi masalah dalam fungsi akademik dan sosial, yang dapat memicu gangguan lainnya. Karena prevalensinya yang cukup tinggi dan dampaknya yang signifikan, penegakan diagnosis yang akurat merupakan hal yang penting. Secara umum, diagnosis ditegakkan melalui wawancara psikiatri, observasi, dan skala penilaian oleh orang tua atau guru. Namun, laporan dari orang tua atau guru cenderung bersifat subjektif, dan gejala mungkin tidak selalu muncul saat pemeriksaan status mental tergantung kepada adaptasi anak terhadap dokter dan pengamatan yang berlangsung. Untuk mengatasi kelemahan ini, banyak studi telah mengeksplorasi penggunaan teknologi untuk menghasilkan tes diagnostik yang objektif. Salah satu teknologi yang sedang dikembangkan adalah alat diagnostik berbasis Virtual Reality (VR). Saat ini sudah mulai dikembangkan alat diagnostik GPPH berbasis VR. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana performa diagnostik alat diagnostik GPPH berbasis VR yang ditelaah melalui tinjauan sistematik. Metode : Penelusuran artikel dilakukan sesuai dengan alur pada bagan PRISMA melalui tujuh mesin pencarian data yaitu : Pubmed, Cochrane, EBSCOhost, Proquest, Sage Journals, Scopus dan Emerald Insight. Hasil : Hasil penelusuran mendapatkan 510 artikel yang kemudian dilakukan penapisan dan telaah didapatkan tiga artikel yang sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian. Penilaian hasil kualitas studi pada ketiga artikel tersebut didapati risiko bias yang rendah. Kualitas studi terhadap domain seleksi pasien didapatkan dua artikel dengan risiko rendah dan satu artikel dengan risiko tinggi. Penilaian hasil kualitas studi pada uji indeks, refrensi standar, alur dan waktu didapatkan risiko rendah. Pada poin “Penerapan” ketiga artikel didapatkan risiko yang rendah. Melalui tinjauan sistematik, alat diagnostik GPPH berbasis VR memiliki nilai sensitivitas berkisar 68% hingga 80% (dengan tingkat yang sedang) dan spesifisitas berkisar 75% hingga 100% (dengan tingkat yang baik). Kesimpulan : Melalui tinjauan sistematik ini, alat diagnostik GPPH berbasis VR merupakan alat penunjang yang baik dalam membantu menegakkan diagnosis GPPH pada anak dan remaja.

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Background : Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a global prevalence around 5-12%. Children with ADHD have difficulties in academic and social functioning, which can lead to other mental disorders. The high prevalence rate and the resulting impact necessitate an accurate diagnosis. Generally, diagnosis is established through psychiatric interviews, observations, and rating scales by parents or teachers. However, reports from parents or teachers tend to be subjective, and symptoms may not always appear during mental status examinations, depending on the child's adaptation to the doctor and the observation process. Therefore, the use of technology is needed to produce objective diagnostic test. One such technology being developed is Virtual Reality diagnostic tools. Objective : This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of virtual reality diagnostic tool for ADHD through a systematic review. Method : The article search was conducted following the PRISMA flowchart through seven data search engines: PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, Sage Journals, Scopus, and Emerald Insight. Result : The search results yielded 510 articles, which were then screened and reviewed, resulting in three articles that met the research objectives. The quality assessment of these three studies showed a low risk of bias. In the domain of patient selection, two articles had a low risk and one article had a high risk. The quality assessment for the index test, reference standard, flow, and timing showed a low risk. On the “Applicability concern”, all three articles had a low risk. Through a systematic review, virtual reality diagnostic tool for ADHD have shown a sensitivity ranging from 68% to 80% (with a moderate level) and a specificity ranging from 75% to 100% (with a good level). Conclusion : Virtual reality diagnostic tool for ADHD is an assessment tool to adjunct ADHD diagnosis in children and adolescent."

"Teori Distraction-Conflict telah banyak dibahas dalam penelitian terdahulu. Praktik replikasi menjadi semakin penting dalam psikologi sosial. Dengan demikian, studi ini bertujuan untuk mereplikasi efek audiens terhadap performa tugas berdasarkan teori Distraction-Conflict. Penelitian eksperimen ini menggunakan desain independent-groups. Partisipan studi ini melibatkan 40 orang mahasiswa University of Queensland (Mage = 22.40, SDage = 3.95) yang dirandomisasi ke dalam dua kelompok yang berbeda, yaitu kelompok dengan pengamatan penonton dan tanpa penonton. Kedua kelompok partisipan diberi instruksi untuk mengerjakan tugas berupa membuat daftar nama-nama jenis sayuran sebanyak mungkin dalam waktu 90 detik. Konflik perhatian (attentional conflict) dinilai berdasarkan item yang mengukur sejauh mana partisipan mengalami konflik perhatian (merasa terganggu). Dalam studi ini, kami berhipotesis bahwa partisipan dalam kondisi dengan penonton akan menghasilkan skor performa tugas yang lebih rendah pada performa tugas dibandingkan dengan partisipan dalam kondisi tanpa penonton. Selain itu, kami berhipotesis bahwa partisipan dalam kondisi penonton akan melaporkan perasaan lebih terganggu daripada partisipan dalam kondisi tanpa penonton. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengamatan penonton berpengaruh signifikan terhadap performa tugas. Partisipan dalam kondisi dengan penonton (M = 26,05, SD = 4,41) mendapat skor perfoma aktivitas yang lebih rendah secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan partisipan dalam kondisi tanpa penonton (M = 29,95, SD = 4,06), t(38) = -2,91, p = . 006. , d = 0,92. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan mengenai konflik perhatian antara partisipan dalam kondisi penonton (M = 5,05, SD = 1,54) dan partisipan dalam kondisi tanpa penonton (M = 4,45, SD = 1,54), t(38) = 1,23, p = . 225. , d = 0,39. Efek audiens terbukti mempengaruhi kinerja secara negatif pada tugas yang sulit, namun, tidak pasti apakah hal ini disebabkan karena konflik perhatian.

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Many studies have investigated the Distraction-Conflict theory. The practice of replication is becoming increasingly important in social psychology. Thus, this study aimed to replicate audience effects on task performance using the attentional conflict theory. For the experiment, an independent-groups design was implemented. Participants of this study were 40 University of Queensland students (Mage = 22.40, SDage = 3.95) that were randomized into two group conditions: with audience present and with no audience present. Participants in both conditions were instructed to list names of vegetables in as many as possible in 90 seconds. Attentional conflict was assessed based on an item that measured the extent to which participants experienced attentional conflict (felt distracted). In this study, we hypothesised that participants in the audience condition would produce lower scores on task performance than those in the no-audience condition. Moreover, we hypothesised that participants in the audience condition would report feeling more distracted than participants in the no-audience condition. Results showed that participants in the audience condition (M = 26.05, SD = 4.41) scored significantly lower in task performance than those in no-audience condition (M = 29.95, SD = 4.06), t(38) = -2.91, p = .006. , d = .92. There was no significant difference regarding attentional conflict between participants in the audience condition (M = 5.05, SD = 1.54) and those in the no audience condition (M = 4.45, SD = 1.54), t(38) = 1.23, p = .225. , d = .39. The audience effects were shown to negatively affect performance on a difficult task, however, it was unclear whether this was due to attentional conflict."

"Siswa SMU yang bergabung dengan geng dan klub motor Bandung telah melakukan berbagai macam aktivitas yang meresahkan diantaranya tawuran, penjambretan, penganiayaan hingga memperkosa. Menurut Koeswara (1998), perilaku agresif dipengaruhi oleh model-model agresif dimana didalamnya terdapat pengaruh tayangan yang berisi adegan kekerasan di televisi, bioskop dan sarana lainnya. Selain itu perilaku agresif juga tidak lepas dari peran keluarga terutama kedua orang tua didalam mendidik anak-anaknya.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, ada implikasi antara tayangan kekerasan di media televisi dan kurang perhatian orang tua terhadap perilaku agresif siswa SMU di Kota Bandung. Ketahanan keluarga belum berfungsi karena perilaku agresif siswa SMU di kota Bandung masih terjadi.

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High school students who join gangs and motorcycle clubs in Bandung has done a variety of activities such disturbing brawl, mugging, assault to rape. According Koeswara (1998 ), aggressive behavior is influenced by the aggressive models impressions which there are influences which contains scenes of violence on television, movies and other means. In addition, aggressive behavior can not be separated from the role of the family, especially the parents in educating their children.The results showed, there are implications between violence on television and less attention to the aggressive behavior of parents of high school students in the city of Bandung. Family resilience is not functioning due to the aggressive behavior of high school students in the city is still going on."

"[ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas refleks primitif pada anak usia 4-12 tahun dengan gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas (GPPH) dan tanpa GPPH serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dimana refleks yang dinilai adalah refleks Moro, asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR), symmetric tonic neck reflex (STNR), tonic labyrinthe reflex (TLR), dan spinal Galant. Hasil yang ditemukan adalah banyak anak dengan GPPH ditemukan refleks primitif, terutama ATNR. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi GPPH adalah pendidikan orangtua, pekerjaan ayah, pola asuh, kemiskinan, kesehatan ibu saat mengandung, dan paparan rokok. Diharapkan refleks primitif dijadikan sebagai pemeriksaan rutin pada anak sebelum memasuki usia sekolah.

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ABSTRACTFocus of the study was to describe primitive reflexes in 4-12 years old children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and influenced factors in ADHD emerging. It was descriptive research. Five reflexes were valued that were oro refex, asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR), symmetric tonic neck reflex (STNR), tonic labyrinthe reflex (TLR), dan spinal Galant. Results noted primitive reflexes could be found in ADHD, mainly ATNR. Parent?s education, father?s occupation, parenting, poverty, mother?s health in pregnancy, cigarette?s exposure related to persistence of primitive reflexes. We recommend primitive reflexes should be early physical assessment in children before entry school age, Focus of the study was to describe primitive reflexes in 4-12 years old children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and influenced factors in ADHD emerging. It was descriptive research. Five reflexes were valued that were oro refex, asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR), symmetric tonic neck reflex (STNR), tonic labyrinthe reflex (TLR), dan spinal Galant. Results noted primitive reflexes could be found in ADHD, mainly ATNR. Parent’s education, father’s occupation, parenting, poverty, mother’s health in pregnancy, cigarette’s exposure related to persistence of primitive reflexes. We recommend primitive reflexes should be early physical assessment in children before entry school age]"

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh perhatian investor terhadaplikuiditas dan volatilitas saham di ASEAN-5. Perhatian investor di proksikandengan menggunakan aplikasi Google Trends dan ditampilkan dalam bentukGoogle Search Volume (GSV). Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakananalisis regresi data panel dengan model Fixed Effect dan pemilihan panel optionSeemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) selama periode 2010 sampai dengan2014. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa perhatian investor berpengaruhsecara signifikan terhadap likuiditas serta volatilitas saham di ASEAN-5. Padaakhirnya penelitian ini mengantarkan kita pada sebuah konklusi dimana pencarianinformasi yang tinggi mampu menurunkan illikuiditas suatu saham dikarenakandapat mengurangi asimetri informasi yang terjadi antara informed investor danun-informed investor. Sehingga dengan meningkatnya likuiditas suatu sahammaka akan berimplikasi pada volatilitas saham yang diperdagangkan.

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ABSTRACTThe objective of this research is to analyze the effect of investor attention on stockliquidity and volatility in ASEAN-5. Investor attention exclusively provided byGoogle Search Volume in the Google Trends application. This research uses paneldata regression analysis with Fixed Effect model and uses panel option SeeminglyUnrelated Regression (SUR) during the period from 2010 to 2014. The result ofthis research shows that investor attention significantly influence stock liquidityand volatility in ASEAN-5. Ultimately, these results lead us to a conclusion, thatthe high search of online information can reduce stock illiquidity because investorattention is one of the efforts to reduce the asymmetry information betweeninformed investor and un-informed investor. Therfore, the increasing of theliquidity on a stock will affect the volatility of share trade.;The objective of this research is to analyze the effect of investor attention on stockliquidity and volatility in ASEAN-5. Investor attention exclusively provided byGoogle Search Volume in the Google Trends application. This research uses paneldata regression analysis with Fixed Effect model and uses panel option SeeminglyUnrelated Regression (SUR) during the period from 2010 to 2014. The result ofthis research shows that investor attention significantly influence stock liquidityand volatility in ASEAN-5. Ultimately, these results lead us to a conclusion, thatthe high search of online information can reduce stock illiquidity because investorattention is one of the efforts to reduce the asymmetry information betweeninformed investor and un-informed investor. Therfore, the increasing of theliquidity on a stock will affect the volatility of share trade., The objective of this research is to analyze the effect of investor attention on stockliquidity and volatility in ASEAN-5. Investor attention exclusively provided byGoogle Search Volume in the Google Trends application. This research uses paneldata regression analysis with Fixed Effect model and uses panel option SeeminglyUnrelated Regression (SUR) during the period from 2010 to 2014. The result ofthis research shows that investor attention significantly influence stock liquidityand volatility in ASEAN-5. Ultimately, these results lead us to a conclusion, thatthe high search of online information can reduce stock illiquidity because investorattention is one of the efforts to reduce the asymmetry information betweeninformed investor and un-informed investor. Therfore, the increasing of theliquidity on a stock will affect the volatility of share trade.]"

"[ABSTRAKAnak talasemia sering mengalami masalah perubahan perilaku. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perubahan perilaku anak talasemia. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode potong lintang menggunakan kuesioner pada 105 orang tua dan anak talasemia usia 6-18 tahun. Hasilnya tidak terdapat hubungan antara faktor karakteristik anak, hospitalisasi berulang, multitransfusi, dan faktor orang tua terhadap kecemasan dan penurunan perhatian. Usia anak, jenis kelamin, suku, dan hospitalisasi berulang berhubungan dengan masalah sosial. Hasil analisis regresi menyatakan bahwa remaja beresiko 0,4 kali mengalami masalah sosial sedangkan ekonomi rendah 2,37 kali meningkatkan resiko masalah penurunan perhatian. Perawat bertanggung jawab untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan perilaku pada anak talasemia.

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ABSTRACTChildren with thalassemia often have behavioral changes. The study aims is to identify factors related to behavioral changes in thalassemia?s children. This cross sectional study consist of 105 children respondent (6-18 years old) and their parents to filled questionnaire. The results shown that there are no associaton between children caracteristic, repeated hospitalization, multitransfusi, and parents factors with anxiety and attention deficits. Age, sex, ethnic, and repeated hospitalization have significant association with social problem. Regression analysis states that adolescents affecting social problem 0,4 times and low economic affecting attention deficits 2,37 times. Nurses responsible to asses behavioral change in thalassemia?s children, Children with thalassemia often have behavioral changes. The study aims is to identify factors related to behavioral changes in thalassemia’s children. This cross sectional study consist of 105 children respondent (6-18 years old) and their parents to filled questionnaire. The results shown that there are no associaton between children caracteristic, repeated hospitalization, multitransfusi, and parents factors with anxiety and attention deficits. Age, sex, ethnic, and repeated hospitalization have significant association with social problem. Regression analysis states that adolescents affecting social problem 0,4 times and low economic affecting attention deficits 2,37 times. Nurses responsible to asses behavioral change in thalassemia’s children]"

"Latar Belakang: Belum ada hubungan konsisten antara kadar seng dalam serum dengan gangguan fungsi eksekutif pada anak dengan GPPH. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan rerata kadar seng dalam serum pada anak GPPH dengan gangguan fungsi eksekutif, tanpa gangguan fungsi eksekutif and anak non GPPH, dan korelasi antara kadar seng dalam serum dengan fungsi eksekutif pada anak GPPH. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah studi potong-lintang dengan kontrol. Sembilan puluh anak dari dua Sekolah Dasar di Jakarta diambil secara acak sebagai subjek penelitian yang dibagi dalam 30 anak GPPH dengan gangguan fungsi eksekutif, 30 anak GPPH tanpa gangguan fungsi eksekutif, dan 30 anak non GPPH. Kadar seng dalam serum diperiksa dengan metode Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrophotometry. Fungsi eksekutif didapatkan melalui pemeriksaan BRIEF versi bahasa Indonesia. Analisis data menggunakan SPPS for Windows versi 20. Hasil: Dari seluruh subjek penelitian, 75% mengalami defisiensi seng. Ditemukan 60% anak GPPH dengan gangguan fungsi eksekutif memiliki kadar seng tidak normal. Rerata serum seng pada anak GPPH dengan gangguan fungsi eksekutif adalah 59.40 g/dL, pada anak GPPH tanpa gangguan fungsi eksekutif adalah 55.36 g/dL, dan pada anak non GPPH adalah 52.93 g/dL. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada rerata serum seng antara tiga kelompok (p = 0.119). Korelasi antara kadar seng pada anak GPPH dengan fungsi eksekutif adalah r=0.128. Kesimpulan: Kadar seng dalam serum tidak berhubungan secara langsung dengan gangguan fungsi eksekutif, namun diduga berhubungan dengan gejala klinis GPPH. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengetahui lebih jelas hubungan antara seng dalam serum dengan fungsi eksekutif pada anak dengan GPPH.

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Background: It was assumed that there might be association between serum zinc level and executive function in children with ADHD. This study aimed to identify mean differences between serum zinc in ADHD children with executive dysfunction, without executive dysfunction, and non ADHD children, and to find correlation between serum zinc level and executive function in children with ADHD.

Method: This was a cross-sectional study with control group. Ninety children from two elementary schools in Jakarta were randomly selected as research subjects. They were categorized into ADHD children with executive dysfunction (n=30), ADHD children without executive dysfunction (n=30), and non ADHD children (n=30). Serum zinc was analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrophotometry method. Executive function was examined using BRIEF-Indonesian version. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20 for Windows.

Result: Seventy five percent of research subjects experinced zinc deficiency. Meanwhile, 60% of children with ADHD suffered from zinc deficiency. There was no significant difference in mean serum zinc between ADHD children with executive dysfunction, without executive dysfunction, and non ADHD children (59.40 g/dL vs. 55.36 g/dL vs. 52.93 g/dL, p=0.119). The coefficient correlation between serum zinc level and executive function in ADHD children was 0,128.

Conclusion: Serum zinc level might not associate directly with executive dysfunction, however it might link with clinical symptoms of ADHD. Further study needs to be done in order to obtain a more clear understanding of serum zinc and executive function in children with ADHD."