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"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Angka kejadian trombositopenia pada neonatus dilaporkan antara 22-35%, dan salah satu komplikasinya adalah perdarahan intraventrikular (PIV). Penelitian sebelumnya di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) Jakarta melaporkan angka kejadian PIV masih tinggi pada bayi usia gestasi < 35 minggu sebesar 43,47%. Perdarahan intraventrikular menyebabkan dampak yang berat pada perkembangan neurologis dan mortalitas. Di Indonesia, belum ada penelitian mengenai hubungan trombositopenia dan PIV. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan trombositopenia dengan PIV pada bayi usia gestasi < 35 minggu dan korelasi antara derajat berat trombositopenia dan derajat berat PIV. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dengan penelusuran rekam medis dilakukan di Divisi Neonatologi Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia RSCM pada subjek yang dirawat pada bulan Januari 2012 sampai Desember 2014 dengan diagnosis PIV. Subjek dibagi menjadi kelompok PIV ringan sedang (derajat ≤ 2) dan berat (derajat > 2). Nilai trombosit dicatat pada hari yang sama dengan diagnosis PIV. Digunakan uji Pearson?s chi-square, Fischer, analisis multivariat, dan korelasi untuk analisis data. Hasil: Angka kejadian PIV berat dengan trombosit < 100.000/uL sebesar 28,2% dibanding 10,4% pada nilai trombosit ≥ 100.000/uL (p=0,014). Berdasarkan analisis multivariat, faktor yang memiliki pengaruh terhadap terjadinya PIV berat adalah usia gestasi < 32 minggu dan penggunaan alat bantu napas berupa ventilator dan high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). Derajat berat trombositopenia tidak memiliki korelasi dengan derajat berat PIV (koefisien korelasi 0,21). Simpulan: Trombositopenia tidak memiliki peranan pada terjadinya PIV berat. Derajat berat trombositopenia tidak memiliki korelasi dengan derajat berat PIV.

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ABSTRACTBackground: The prevalence of thrombocytopenia in neonates ranges from 22 to 35%, and the complication could be intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). The previous research in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) Jakarta reported high incidence of IVH until gestational age < 35 weeks which is 43,47%. Intraventricular hemorrhage has caused a significant defect to neurologic development and mortality. In Indonesia, there were no research about the relationsghip between thrombocytopenia and IVH. Objective: To study the relation between thrombocytopenia and IVH in a baby with gestational age < 35 weeks and the correlation between the severity of thrombocytopenia and the severity of IVH. Methods: A cross sectional study was performed by medical records review in Neonatology Division of Child Health Department University of Indonesia RSCM. The subject of this study is neonates who were hospitalized from January 2012 until December 2014 with IVH diagnosis. Subjects were divided into mild moderate IVH (grade ≤ 2) and severe IVH (grade > 2). Thrombocyte count was recorded in the same day with the diagnosis of IVH. Pearson?s chi-squared, Fischer's tests, multivariate analysis, and correlation were used to analyzed the data. Results: Risk of severe IVH was 28,2% in neonates with thrombocyte count < 100,000/uL versus 10,4% in neonates without (p=0.014). From multivariate analysis, gestational age < 32 weeks and the use of respiratory support (ventilator and high frequency oscillatory ventilation) played a significant role in severe IVH. The severity of thrombocytopenia has no correlation with the severity of IVH (correlation coefficient = 0,21). Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia doesn?t have a role in severe IVH based on multivariate anlysis. The severity of thrombocytopenia has no correlation with the severity of IVH., Background: The prevalence of thrombocytopenia in neonates ranges from 22 to 35%, and the complication could be intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). The previous research in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) Jakarta reported high incidence of IVH until gestational age < 35 weeks which is 43,47%. Intraventricular hemorrhage has caused a significant defect to neurologic development and mortality. In Indonesia, there were no research about the relationsghip between thrombocytopenia and IVH. Objective: To study the relation between thrombocytopenia and IVH in a baby with gestational age < 35 weeks and the correlation between the severity of thrombocytopenia and the severity of IVH. Methods: A cross sectional study was performed by medical records review in Neonatology Division of Child Health Department University of Indonesia RSCM. The subject of this study is neonates who were hospitalized from January 2012 until December 2014 with IVH diagnosis. Subjects were divided into mild moderate IVH (grade ≤ 2) and severe IVH (grade > 2). Thrombocyte count was recorded in the same day with the diagnosis of IVH. Pearson’s chi-squared, Fischer’s tests, multivariate analysis, and correlation were used to analyzed the data. Results: Risk of severe IVH was 28,2% in neonates with thrombocyte count < 100,000/uL versus 10,4% in neonates without (p=0.014). From multivariate analysis, gestational age < 32 weeks and the use of respiratory support (ventilator and high frequency oscillatory ventilation) played a significant role in severe IVH. The severity of thrombocytopenia has no correlation with the severity of IVH (correlation coefficient = 0,21). Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia doesn’t have a role in severe IVH based on multivariate anlysis. The severity of thrombocytopenia has no correlation with the severity of IVH.]"

"Latar belakang: Perdarahan intraventrikular (PIV) menjadi penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas bayi prematur. Sekitar 27% bayi dengan BB <1.500 gram mengalami PIV pada berbagai derajat (1–4). Faktor risiko PIV dapat berasal dari maternal, seperti preeklamsia, tanpa steroid antenatal, dan persalinan per vaginam serta berasal dari neonatal, seperti usia gestasi lebih muda, berat badan lahir lebih rendah, jenis kelamin lelaki, nilai Apgar rendah, asfiksia, pemberian inotropik, trombositopenia, ventilasi mekanik invasif, sepsis, sindrom distres pernapasan, dan duktus arteriosus persisten. Identifikasi faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan PIV penting agar penatalaksanaan yang tepat dapat dilakukan dan sebagai evaluasi pencegahan dan tata laksana PIV yang saat ini sudah diterapkan.Metode: Penelitian kasus kontrol ini melibatkan subjek bayi usia gestasi <35 minggu di RSCM yang diambil retrospektif secara consecutive sampling mulai perawatan Agustus 2022 hingga jumlah sampel terpenuhi. Subjek dibagi menjadi kelompok kasus (dengan PIV) dan kontrol (tanpa PIV) berdasarkan hasil USG kepala selama perawatan. Masing-masing kelompok diidentifikasi faktor risiko yang ada dari rekam medis, baik faktor maternal maupun neonatal. Data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan program SPSS.Hasil: Total 220 subjek diteliti terdiri atas kelompok kasus 110 subjek dan kontrol 110 subjek. Dari 110 kasus didapatkan PIV derajat 1 (69,1%), derajat 2 (12,7%), derajat 3 (10%), dan derajat 4 (8,2%). Analisis bivariat menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara PIV dengan usia gestasi <28 minggu (OR 5,44; IK 95% 2,23-13,27; p<0,001), berat badan lahir <1.000 gram (OR 6,23; IK 95% 2,87-13,52; p<0,001), berat badan lahir 1.000-1.499 gram (OR 3,04; IK 95% 1,62-5,71; p=0,001), nilai Apgar menit ke-1 (p=0,004), nilai Apgar menit ke-5 (p=0,03), pemberian inotropik (OR 2,47; IK 95% 1,35-4,53; p=0,005), jumlah trombosit <50.000/μL (OR 2,52; IK 95% 1,17-5,42; p=0,018), jumlah trombosit 50.000-99.000/μL (OR 3,42; IK 95% 1,51-7,74; p=0,003), ventilasi mekanik invasif (OR 3,71; IK 95% 2,11-6,53; p<0,001), sepsis (OR 2,84; IK 95% 1,64-4,90; p<0,001), dan DAP (OR 2,01; IK 95% 1,07-3,79; p=0,042). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan hanya berat badan lahir <1.000 gram (OR 3,93; IK 95% 1,71-9,06; p=0,001), berat badan lahir 1.000-1.499 gram (OR 2,57; IK 95% 1,34-4,92; p=0,004), dan penggunaan ventilasi mekanik invasif (OR 2,49; IK 95% 1,34-4,63; p=0,004) yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan PIV.Kesimpulan: Faktor risiko yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan PIV pada bayi usia gestasi <35 minggu adalah berat badan lahir <1.500 gram dan penggunaan ventilasi mekanik invasif.

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Background: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Approximately 27% of infants weighing <1,500 gram have PIV in various degrees (1-4). Risk factors for IVH can be maternal origin, such as preeclamsia, absence of steroid antenatal, and vaginal delivery; and also from neonatal origin, such as younger gestational age, lower birth weight, male gender, lower Apgar score, asphyxia, inotropic administration, thrombocytopenia, invasive mechanical ventilation, sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Identification of risk factors associated with IVH is important so that appropriate management can be carried out and as an evaluation of IVH’s prevention and treatment that are currently being implemented.

Method: This case-control study involved subjects with gestational age <35 weeks at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital who were taken retrospectively by consecutive sampling starting from admission in August 2022 until the number of samples were fulfilled. Subjects were divided into case (with IVH) and control (without IVH) groups based on the results of head ultrasound during hospitalization. Each group was identified existing risk factors from medical record, both maternal and neonatal factor. The data were then analyzed using the SPSS program.

Result: A total 220 subjects were studied, consisting 110 subjects in case group and 110 subjects in control group. Of the 110 cases, IVH grade 1 (69.1%), grade 2 (12.7%), grade 3 (10%), and grade 4 (8.2%). Bivariate analysis showed that PIV was significantly associated with gestational age <28 weeks (OR 5.44; 95% CI 2.23-13.27; p<0.001), birth weight <1,000 grams (OR 6.23; 95% CI 2.87-13.52; p<0.001), birth weight 1,000-1,499 grams (OR 3.04; 95% CI 1.62-5.71; p=0.001), 1st minute Apgar score (p=0.004), 5th minute Apgar score (p=0.03), inotropic administration (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.35-4.53; p=0.005), platelet count <50,000/μL (OR 2.52; 95% CI 1.17-5.42; p=0.018), platelet count 50,000-99,000/μL (OR 3.42; 95% CI 1.51-7.74; p=0.003), invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 3.71; 95% CI 2.11-6.53; p<0.001), sepsis (OR 2.84; 95% CI 1.64-4.90; p<0.001), and PDA (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.07-3.78; p=0.042). Multivariate analysis showed only birth weight <1,000 grams (OR 3.93; 95% CI 1.71-9.06; p=0.001), birth weight 1,000-1,499 grams (OR 2.57; 95% CI 1.34-4.92; p=0.004), and the use of invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 2.49; 95% CI 1.34-4.63; p=0.004) were significantly associated with IVH.

Conclusion: Risk factors that significantly associated with IVH in baby with gestational age <35 weeks are birth weight <1,500 grams and the use of invasive mechanical ventilation."