Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
[Penelitian mengenai potensi makroalga alami Sargassum polycystum dan makroalga budidaya Eucheuma cottonii dalam menyerap dan menyimpan karbon serta nutrien di Pulau Panjang, Teluk Banten telah dilakukan pada bulan Oktober hingga November 2014. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui laju penyerapan karbon, kandungan nutrien dan produktivitas primer dari makroalga S. polycystum dan E. cottonii. Lokasi penelitian terletak di bagian hamparan gosong karang dan berlumpur dengan kedalaman 0,5-5 m. Pengamatan pertumbuhan dan laju penyerapan karbon menggunakan metode penandaan thallus pada 30 sampel makroalga setiap hari selama 7 hari. Sampel makroalga selanjutnya dianalisis kandungan nutriennya. Hasil penelitian didapatkan estimasi laju penyerapan karbon S. polycystum dan E. cottonii adalah 0,0081 gC/hari dan 0,0083 gC/hari. Kandungan karbon, nitrogen dan fosfat di S. polycystum adalah sebanyak 6,84%, 1,72% dan 0,009% sedangkan kandungan karbon, nitrogen dan fosfat di E. cottonii adalah 5,99%, 0,67% dan 0,006%. Berdasarkan analisis statistik dengan uji t, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada laju pertumbuhan, kandungan nitrogen dan fosfat S. polycystum dengan E. cottonii. Sedangkan untuk kandungan karbon tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara S. polycystum dengan E. cottonii. Selanjutnya, uji korelasi didapatkan bahwa adanya korelasi antara laju pertumbuhan S. polycystum dan E. cottonii dengan kandungan nitrogen masingmasing sedangkan antara laju pertumbuhan dengan kandungan karbon dan fosfat tidak terdapat korelasi. Produktivitas primer diukur dengan metode botol terang dan botol gelap yang dimodifikasi. Pengukuran produktivitas primer dilakukan pada kedalaman 0,5 m untuk S. polycystum dan 0,1 m untuk E. cottonii. Kandungan oksigen terlarut diukur dengan DO meter. Hasil penelitian didapatkan rata-rata produktivitas primer S. polycystum sebesar 10,259 ± 3,385 mgC/g/hari dan E. cottonii sebesar 7,757 ± 4,398 mgC/g/hari.;The research about the potency of wild macroalgae Sargassum polycystum and cultivation macroalgae Eucheuma cottonii to absorb and store carbon also nutrient in Panjang Island, Banten Bay was held on October until November 2014. The research was aimed to estimate carbon sequestration, nutrient content and primary productivity from macroalgae S. polycystum and E. cottonii. Location of the research in the stretch of reef and muddy with a depth of 0,5-5 m. The observation of growth rate and carbon sequestration used thallus marking method in 30 macroalgae shoots everyday for 7 days. Macroalgae was analyzed its nutrient content. The results showed that estimation carbon sequestration by S. polycystum and E. cottonii were 0,0081 gC/day and 0,0083 gC/day. The content of carbon, nitrogent and phosphor for Macroalgae S. polycystum were 6,84%, 1,72% and 0,009% respectively while the content of carbon, nitrogent and phosphor for Macroalgae E. cottonii were 5,99%, 0,67% and 0,006% respectively. Based on statistical analysis by t test, there was found significant difference on the growth rate, nitrogent and phosphor content of S. polycystum with E. cottonii. While for the carbon content, there was no significant difference between S. polycystum with E. cottonii. Furthermore, correlation test showed that there was a correlation between the growth rate of S. polycystum and E. cottonii with nitrogent content respectively while between the growth rate with carbon and phosphor content, there was no correlation. Primary productivity were measured by the light and dark bottle method with modification. Measurement of primary productivity was held at a depth of 0,5 m from the surface for S. polycystum and 0,1 m from the surface for E. cottonii. Dissolved oxygen was measured by DO meter. The result showed that mean of primary productivity for S. polycystum was 10,259 ± 3,385 mgC/g/day and E. cottonii was 7,757 ± 4,398 mgC/g/day;The research about the potency of wild macroalgae Sargassum polycystum and cultivation macroalgae Eucheuma cottonii to absorb and store carbon also nutrient in Panjang Island, Banten Bay was held on October until November 2014. The research was aimed to estimate carbon sequestration, nutrient content and primary productivity from macroalgae S. polycystum and E. cottonii. Location of the research in the stretch of reef and muddy with a depth of 0,5-5 m. The observation of growth rate and carbon sequestration used thallus marking method in 30 macroalgae shoots everyday for 7 days. Macroalgae was analyzed its nutrient content. The results showed that estimation carbon sequestration by S. polycystum and E. cottonii were 0,0081 gC/day and 0,0083 gC/day. The content of carbon, nitrogent and phosphor for Macroalgae S. polycystum were 6,84%, 1,72% and 0,009% respectively while the content of carbon, nitrogent and phosphor for Macroalgae E. cottonii were 5,99%, 0,67% and 0,006% respectively. Based on statistical analysis by t test, there was found significant difference on the growth rate, nitrogent and phosphor content of S. polycystum with E. cottonii. While for the carbon content, there was no significant difference between S. polycystum with E. cottonii. Furthermore, correlation test showed that there was a correlation between the growth rate of S. polycystum and E. cottonii with nitrogent content respectively while between the growth rate with carbon and phosphor content, there was no correlation. Primary productivity were measured by the light and dark bottle method with modification. Measurement of primary productivity was held at a depth of 0,5 m from the surface for S. polycystum and 0,1 m from the surface for E. cottonii. Dissolved oxygen was measured by DO meter. The result showed that mean of primary productivity for S. polycystum was 10,259 ± 3,385 mgC/g/day and E. cottonii was 7,757 ± 4,398 mgC/g/day;The research about the potency of wild macroalgae Sargassum polycystum and cultivation macroalgae Eucheuma cottonii to absorb and store carbon also nutrient in Panjang Island, Banten Bay was held on October until November 2014. The research was aimed to estimate carbon sequestration, nutrient content and primary productivity from macroalgae S. polycystum and E. cottonii. Location of the research in the stretch of reef and muddy with a depth of 0,5-5 m. The observation of growth rate and carbon sequestration used thallus marking method in 30 macroalgae shoots everyday for 7 days. Macroalgae was analyzed its nutrient content. The results showed that estimation carbon sequestration by S. polycystum and E. cottonii were 0,0081 gC/day and 0,0083 gC/day. The content of carbon, nitrogent and phosphor for Macroalgae S. polycystum were 6,84%, 1,72% and 0,009% respectively while the content of carbon, nitrogent and phosphor for Macroalgae E. cottonii were 5,99%, 0,67% and 0,006% respectively. Based on statistical analysis by t test, there was found significant difference on the growth rate, nitrogent and phosphor content of S. polycystum with E. cottonii. While for the carbon content, there was no significant difference between S. polycystum with E. cottonii. Furthermore, correlation test showed that there was a correlation between the growth rate of S. polycystum and E. cottonii with nitrogent content respectively while between the growth rate with carbon and phosphor content, there was no correlation. Primary productivity were measured by the light and dark bottle method with modification. Measurement of primary productivity was held at a depth of 0,5 m from the surface for S. polycystum and 0,1 m from the surface for E. cottonii. Dissolved oxygen was measured by DO meter. The result showed that mean of primary productivity for S. polycystum was 10,259 ± 3,385 mgC/g/day and E. cottonii was 7,757 ± 4,398 mgC/g/day;The research about the potency of wild macroalgae Sargassum polycystum and cultivation macroalgae Eucheuma cottonii to absorb and store carbon also nutrient in Panjang Island, Banten Bay was held on October until November 2014. The research was aimed to estimate carbon sequestration, nutrient content and primary productivity from macroalgae S. polycystum and E. cottonii. Location of the research in the stretch of reef and muddy with a depth of 0,5-5 m. The observation of growth rate and carbon sequestration used thallus marking method in 30 macroalgae shoots everyday for 7 days. Macroalgae was analyzed its nutrient content. The results showed that estimation carbon sequestration by S. polycystum and E. cottonii were 0,0081 gC/day and 0,0083 gC/day. The content of carbon, nitrogent and phosphor for Macroalgae S. polycystum were 6,84%, 1,72% and 0,009% respectively while the content of carbon, nitrogent and phosphor for Macroalgae E. cottonii were 5,99%, 0,67% and 0,006% respectively. Based on statistical analysis by t test, there was found significant difference on the growth rate, nitrogent and phosphor content of S. polycystum with E. cottonii. While for the carbon content, there was no significant difference between S. polycystum with E. cottonii. Furthermore, correlation test showed that there was a correlation between the growth rate of S. polycystum and E. cottonii with nitrogent content respectively while between the growth rate with carbon and phosphor content, there was no correlation. Primary productivity were measured by the light and dark bottle method with modification. Measurement of primary productivity was held at a depth of 0,5 m from the surface for S. polycystum and 0,1 m from the surface for E. cottonii. Dissolved oxygen was measured by DO meter. The result showed that mean of primary productivity for S. polycystum was 10,259 ± 3,385 mgC/g/day and E. cottonii was 7,757 ± 4,398 mgC/g/day;The research about the potency of wild macroalgae Sargassum polycystum and cultivation macroalgae Eucheuma cottonii to absorb and store carbon also nutrient in Panjang Island, Banten Bay was held on October until November 2014. The research was aimed to estimate carbon sequestration, nutrient content and primary productivity from macroalgae S. polycystum and E. cottonii. Location of the research in the stretch of reef and muddy with a depth of 0,5-5 m. The observation of growth rate and carbon sequestration used thallus marking method in 30 macroalgae shoots everyday for 7 days. Macroalgae was analyzed its nutrient content. The results showed that estimation carbon sequestration by S. polycystum and E. cottonii were 0,0081 gC/day and 0,0083 gC/day. The content of carbon, nitrogent and phosphor for Macroalgae S. polycystum were 6,84%, 1,72% and 0,009% respectively while the content of carbon, nitrogent and phosphor for Macroalgae E. cottonii were 5,99%, 0,67% and 0,006% respectively. Based on statistical analysis by t test, there was found significant difference on the growth rate, nitrogent and phosphor content of S. polycystum with E. cottonii. While for the carbon content, there was no significant difference between S. polycystum with E. cottonii. Furthermore, correlation test showed that there was a correlation between the growth rate of S. polycystum and E. cottonii with nitrogent content respectively while between the growth rate with carbon and phosphor content, there was no correlation. Primary productivity were measured by the light and dark bottle method with modification. Measurement of primary productivity was held at a depth of 0,5 m from the surface for S. polycystum and 0,1 m from the surface for E. cottonii. Dissolved oxygen was measured by DO meter. The result showed that mean of primary productivity for S. polycystum was 10,259 ± 3,385 mgC/g/day and E. cottonii was 7,757 ± 4,398 mgC/g/day, The research about the potency of wild macroalgae Sargassum polycystum and cultivation macroalgae Eucheuma cottonii to absorb and store carbon also nutrient in Panjang Island, Banten Bay was held on October until November 2014. The research was aimed to estimate carbon sequestration, nutrient content and primary productivity from macroalgae S. polycystum and E. cottonii. Location of the research in the stretch of reef and muddy with a depth of 0,5-5 m. The observation of growth rate and carbon sequestration used thallus marking method in 30 macroalgae shoots everyday for 7 days. Macroalgae was analyzed its nutrient content. The results showed that estimation carbon sequestration by S. polycystum and E. cottonii were 0,0081 gC/day and 0,0083 gC/day. The content of carbon, nitrogent and phosphor for Macroalgae S. polycystum were 6,84%, 1,72% and 0,009% respectively while the content of carbon, nitrogent and phosphor for Macroalgae E. cottonii were 5,99%, 0,67% and 0,006% respectively. Based on statistical analysis by t test, there was found significant difference on the growth rate, nitrogent and phosphor content of S. polycystum with E. cottonii. While for the carbon content, there was no significant difference between S. polycystum with E. cottonii. Furthermore, correlation test showed that there was a correlation between the growth rate of S. polycystum and E. cottonii with nitrogent content respectively while between the growth rate with carbon and phosphor content, there was no correlation. Primary productivity were measured by the light and dark bottle method with modification. Measurement of primary productivity was held at a depth of 0,5 m from the surface for S. polycystum and 0,1 m from the surface for E. cottonii. Dissolved oxygen was measured by DO meter. The result showed that mean of primary productivity for S. polycystum was 10,259 ± 3,385 mgC/g/day and E. cottonii was 7,757 ± 4,398 mgC/g/day]

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Zeolit adalah senyawa alumina silikat yang dapat digunakan sebagai penukar kation dan iuga sebagai pengadsorpsi molekul. Cetylethyldimetylamonium Bromida (CEDABr) merupakan garam amonium kuartener yang kationnya dapat dipertukarkan dengan kation yang berada dalam struktur zeolit.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati apakah ada perbedaan daya adsorpsi zeolit yang diimpregnasi dengan Cetylethyldimetylamonium Bromida dan zeolit tanpa impregnasi terhadap ion Krom (VI) dalam air.

Pengamatan adsorpsi dilakukan dengan metode statis (pengguncangan), dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi, pH dan waktu kontak. Dari hasil percobaan yang dilakukan, tennyata penyerapan Krom (VI) pada zeolit yang telah diimpregnasi dengan Cetyletyldimetylamonium Bromida mengalami peningkatan baik untuk zeolit alam maupun untuk zeolit sintetis.

Kondisi terbaik penyerapan Krom (VI) oleh komposit adsorben adalah pada konsentrasi 20 mg/L, pada larutan dengan suasana asam (pH 3), dan waktu pengguncangan selama 60 menit.

Abstrak :
Anggaran belanja negara yang pada tahun anggaran 2009 berjumlah kurang lebih sebesar 1.000 (seribu) triliun dengan realisasi kurang lebih sebesar 937 Triliun adalah jumlah yang signifikan untuk stimulus perekonomian dan pembangunan. Manajemen yang baik dan akuntabel diperlukan supaya realisasi belanja negara dapat memberikan manfaat yang besar bagi kehidupan masyarakat. Namun demikian dalam pelaksanaannya tidak sesuai dengan yang diharapkan, karena penyerapan anggaran belanja tidak maksimal dan terkonsentrasi pada akhir tahun anggaran. Penyerapan anggaran yang tidak maksimal dan lambat menyebabkan pelayanan publik pemerintah kepada masyarakat menjadi terhambat dan fungsi sebagai instrumen kebijakan fiskal terutama untuk stimulus perekonomian menjadi tidak efektif. Terdapat banyak faktor yang menyebabkan realisasi belanja pemerintah pusat berjalan lambat dan tingkat penyerapan tidak maksimal. Faktor-faktor tersebut bisa berupa hambatan non yuridis dan hambatan yuridis. Hambatan yuridis ditenggarai terutama dalam kaitan belum harmonisnya peraturan perundang-undangan dalam bidang pelaksanaan dan pencairan dana APBN yaitu Undang-Undang No.17 Tentang Keuangan Negara, Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tentang Perbendaharaan Negara, Undang-Undang No. 15 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemeriksaan Pengelolaan dan Tanggung Jawab Keuangan Negara dan peraturan pelaksanaan lainnya yang mengatur pelaksanaan belanja negara. Oleh sebab itu maka penelitian tesis ini fokus pada permasalahan mengapa dalam pelaksanaan anggaran belanja negara selalu menimbulkan masalah yuridis? dan bagaimana pendekatan hukum dalam upaya efisiensi, efektivitas, akuntabilitas dan harmonisasi peraturan perundang-undangan pelaksanaan anggaran belanja negara? Dari penelitian normatif dapat disimpulkan pelaksanaan anggaran belanja negara selalu menimbulkan masalah yuridis terutama dalam hal disharmoni peraturan perundang-undangan karena dalam penyusunan peraturan perundangundangan tidak mempertimbangkan efektivitas dan efisiensi implementasi rumusan pada tataran praktek. Penyusunan peraturan perundang-undangan dalam pelaksanaan anggaran belanja negara setingkat undang-undang cenderung hasil kompromi pemikiran para elite politik, sehingga landasan filosofi, ekonomis dan sosiologis tidak menjadi pertimbangan utama dalam proses pembentukannya. Atas hal tersebut maka harmonisasi dalam peraturan perundang-undangan dalam pelaksanaan anggaran belanja negara harus terus dilakukan dengan memperhatikan asas-asas hukum. Untuk mempercepat penyerapan anggaran belanja negara yang efektif, efisien dan akuntabel maka diperlukan penyusunan peraturan yang berorientasi pada pemberian kepercayaan pada eksekutif, konsep let the managers manage but keep them accountable harus dibangun untuk memberikan flesksibilitas dalam penggunaan anggaran.

---

The state budget in fiscal year 2009 totaled approximately Rp 1,000 quintillion with more or less the realization of Rp 937 quintillion is a significant amount of economic stimulus and development. Good management and accountability is necessary so that the realization of state spending can provide great benefits to people's lives. However, the implementation is not as expected, because of absorption and spending are not maximally and concentrated at the end of the fiscal year. The absorption are not maximally and slow cause the government public service to the people to be obstructed and function as instruments of fiscal policy, especially for the economic stimulus becomes ineffective. There are many factors that cause the realization of central government spending has been slow and the absorption rate was not optimal. These factors can be barriers to non-judicial and juridical obstacles. Juridical obstacles suspected especially in disharmony of legislation in the field of implementation and disbursement of budget. The legislation is the Law No.17 on State Finance, Law No. 1 on the State Treasury, the Law No. 15 of 2004 concerning the Management Audit and State Financial Responsibility and other implementing regulations governing in the implementation of state spending. Therefore, the thesis research is focused on the problem why the implementation of state budget always cause juridical problem? and how to approach the law in an effort to efficiency, effectiveness, accountability and harmonization of legislation implementing the state budget? From a normative study concluded the implementation of state budget always cause problems, especially in the case of disharmony juridical legislation because in preparing the legislation does not consider the effectiveness and efficiency of implementation of the formulation at the level of practice. The preparation of legislation in the state-level budget execution laws tend to compromise the thinking of the political elite, so that the foundation of philosophy, economic and sociological not a major consideration in the process of its formation. Above it is the harmonization of legislation in the state budget implementation should be done with due regard to principles of law. To accelerate the absorption of the state budget an effective, efficient and accountable will require the preparation of regulations oriented on providing confidence in the executive, the concept of ?let the managers manage but keep them accountable? must be built to provide flexibility in the use of the budget.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Desertasi ini membahas tentang karakteristik Paduan Mg3CoNi2 Sebagai Penyerap Hidrogen. Paduan dibuat dengan metode pemaduan mekanik. Untuk mendapatkan sampel yang optimal telah dilakukan variasi pembuatan sample dengan mengombinasikan rasio berat bola terhadap sampel 1:1 dan 8:1 dengan waktu milling selama 10 menit, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 dan 60 jam. Peralatan milling adalah konvensional milling dan High Energy Milling SPEX 8000. Dari pengukuran XRD diketahui bahwa semua sampel mengalami oksidasi dengan bertambahnya waktu milling yaitu terbentuknya fasa MgO yang semakin banyak. Untuk mengurangi oksidasi dilakukan teknik pemaduan basah dengan cara menambahkan toluen ke dalam sampel yang akan dimilling. Dari pengukuran XRD diketahui bahwa fasa yang terbentuk sebagian besar adalah Mg2Ni dan sedikit MgNi2 sedangkan fasa Mg2Co dan MgCo2 tidak terbentuk. Hal ini karena energi pembentukan Mg2Co dan MgCo2 lebih besar dari pada pembentukan Mg2Ni dan MgNi2. Fasa Mg2Ni yang terbentuk mengalami penurunan parameter kisi dari 5,22 nm menjadi 4,59 nm dan dari 13,29 nm menjadi 11,72 nm. Dari hasil pengamatan dengan SEM juga menunjukkan pengurangan ukuran partikel dan dari pengamatan dengan SANS menunjukkan penambahan luas permukaan. Kapasitas penyerapan hidrogen terbanyak diperoleh pada sampel yang dimilling selama 40 jam pada temperatur 200_C, yaitu sebesar 3,3 % berat. Keberadaan hidrogen di dalam sampel ditunjukkan dengan terjadinya perubahan ukuran kristal pada sudut 40,95_ dan pada sudut 47,7_. Keberadaan hidrogen dalam sampel juga dibuktikan dengan turunnya intensitas hamburan neutron pada pengamatan dengan menggunakan SANS.

---

ABSTRACT
This dissertation is discussing about the characteristics of Mg3CoNi2 alloy as a hydrogen storage. The alloy is made by mechanical alloying method. To obtain the optimal sample, a variation making of sample has been done by combining the ball to the sample weight ratio of 1:1 and 8:1 with the milling time of 10 s, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 and 60 hours. The milling apparatus used is a conventional milling and a High Energy Milling SPEX 8000. From the XRD measurement results it is known that all obtained by dry preparation method sample are oxidized into MgO phase, especially for longer milling time. To reduce the oxidation effects a wet alloying method has been done by adding toluene to the sample to be milled. From the XRD measurement results it is known that the phases formed are mostly Mg2Ni and small amount of MgNi2, while the phases of Mg2Co and MgCo2 are not formed. This is because the energy of Mg2Co and MgCo2 formations are bigger than those for Mg2Ni and MgNi2 formation. The lattice parameters of Mg2Ni formed decrease from 5,22 nm to 4,59 nm and from 13,29 nm to 11,72 nm. From the observation results using SEM the decrease of particle size is also shown and from SANS investigations it is shown that surface area increased with increasing milling time. The highest hydrogen absorption capacity was obtained from 40 hours milled sample at hydriding temperature of 200_C. The presence of hydrogen in the sample is indicated the change of the crystallite size calculated the angle of 40,95_and 47,7_. The presence of hydrogen in the sample is also proven with the decrease of neutron scattering intensity analyzed using SANS.

Abstrak :
Skripsi ini membahas bagaimana bahasa Jawa menyerap istilah internet dan mencari tahu faktor penyebab terjadinya interferensi bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Indonesia pada tampilan antarmuka Facebook berbahasa Jawa. Istilah dalam tampilan antarmuka Facebook berbahasa Jawa yang berbentuk kata dipilih oleh peneliti sebagai data untuk memperlihatkan bagaimana proses pemadanan istilah dan faktor penyebab interferensi dalam tampilan antarmuka Facebook berbahasa Jawa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang mendeskripsikan temuan-temuan yang didapatkan dari glosarium Facebook berbahasa Jawa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pemadanan istilah pada tampilan Facebook berbahasa Jawa lebih banyak dilakukan dengan cara penyerapan. Kecenderungan tersebut memperlihatkan bahwa bahasa Jawa belum bisa menciptakan istilah baru khususnya dalam bidang teknologi internet . Interferensi bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Indonesia terjadi akibat tidak tersedianya kosakata istilah yang dimiliki bahasa Jawa dalam menghadapi kemajuan dan terjadi karena tipisnya kesetian pemakaian bahasa Jawa. ...... This study discusses how the Javanese language borrow the term of internet and find out the factors causing the interference of English and Indonesian language on the interface display of the Facebook with Javanese Language. The term in the interface display of the Facebook with Javanese Language is selected by the researcher as data to show how the matching process of terminology and interference factors in the interface of the Javanese Facebook interface. This study used a qualitative method that describes the findings obtained from the glossary of Javanese Facebook. The results of this study indicate that matching the term on the display of Facebook with Javanese language is done by borrowing. This tendency shows that Javanese language can not create new term especially in field of technology internet. Interference in English and Indonesian is due to the unavailability of the vocabulary of the term that the Java language has in the face of progress and occurs due to the sheer thinness of the usage of the Javanese language.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang menyebabkan rendahnya penyerapan pinjaman luar negeri pemerintah dan dampak yang ditanggung akibat rendahnya penyerapan pinjaman. Analisis dilakukan dengan membandingkan kriteria yang terdapat pada peraturan tentang pengadaan pinjaman luar negeri dengan kondisi saat ini yang dikaitkan dengan sebab, akibat, tindak lanjut, dan saran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang menjadi penyebab rendahnya penyerapan di antaranya perencanaan kegiatan kurang akurat, kurang harmonisnya aturan pengadaan ADB dan pemerintah, manajemen pelaksanaan kegiatan yang buruk, lamanya penyampaian No Objection Letter, dan pembebasan lahan yang belum selesai. Akibat yang ditanggung pemerintah berupa pembayaran commitment fee. ......The research is a case study that aims to analyze the factors causing low disbursement of government external loan and its consequences when the case occurs. The analysis is performed by comparing several criteria in the regulations related to foreign loans procurement with the current condition, and taking into account the causes, the impacts, the executions, and the advices. The result shows the factors causing the low disbursement are less accurate in planning, unsynchronized between ADB's and government's rules for procurement, poor execution, timing consuming in delivering the No Objection Letter, and unfinished land acquisition. The consequence of low disbursement is a burden to keep paying of the commitment fee.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Analisis siklus karbon pada ekosistem pesisir menunjukkan pentingnya keberadaan vegatasi pesisir seperti alga makro, lamun, dan mangrove, tetapi diabaikan dari penghitungan siklus karbon di lautan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui biomassa, kandungan karbon, dan nilai ekonomi pada kandungan karbonnya di perairan Lombok Barat. Untuk Biomassa yang terbesar di Stasiun 1 dan 2 terdapat pada jenis Thalassia hemprichii 2.424.50 dan 809.50 gbk/m2 dan jenis Syringodium isoetifolium 174.75 gbk/m2 pada Stasiun 3. Laju kecepatan penyerapan karbon pada Stasiun 1 0.50 gC/m2/hari sehingga bila setahun sebesar 180,68 gC/m2/tahun untuk jenis T. hemprichii dan C. rotundata. Sedangkan pada Stasiun 2 laju penyerapan karbon sebesar 0.37 gC/m2/hari sehingga bila setahun sebesar 133,83 gC/m2/tahun untuk jenis E. acoroides, S. isoetifolium dan C. serrulata. Harga karbon global sebesar 20-50 USD per ton CO2 pada tahun 2020-2030 atau dalam rupiah per ton CO2 setara dengan Rp. 270.000-675.000 1 USD = Rp 13.500 . Stasiun 1, sekitar 82,2 ha, estimasi harga cadangan karbon sebesar Rp. 11.093.639.405 - Rp. 27.734.098.512, dan Stasiun 2 sekitar 27,74 ha, estimasi harga cadangan karbon sebesar Rp. 3.232.497.935 - Rp. 8.081.244.838. Stasiun 3, sekitar 175.13 ha, estimasi harga cadangan karbon sebesar Rp. 26.513.474.319 - Rp. 66.283.685.798.

---

ABSTRACT
Analysis of the carbon cycle in coastal ecosystems demonstrates the importance of coastal vegetation such as macro algae, seagrass, and mangroves, but neglected from carbon cycle calculations in the oceans. This study aims to determine the biomass, carbon content, and economic value of carbon content in the waters of West Lombok. The largest biomass in Station 1 and 2 is found on Thalassia hemprichii 2,424.50 and 809.50 gbk m2 and Syringodium isoetifolium 174.75 gbk m2 type on Station 3. The rate of carbon absorption rate at Station 1 0.50 gC m2 day so that if a year of 180.68 gC m2 year for the type of T. hemprichii and C. rotundata. While at Station 2 the rate of carbon absorption is 0.37 gC m2 day so that if a year of 133.83 gC m2 year for the type of E. acoroides, S. isoetifolium and C. serrulata. Global carbon price of 20 50 USD per ton CO2 in 2020 2030 or in Rupiah per ton CO2 equivalent to Rp. 270,000 675.000 1 USD Rp 13,500 . Station 1, about 82.2 ha, estimated carbon stock price of Rp. 11,093,639,405 Rp. 27,734,098,512, and Station 2 about 27,74 ha, estimation of carbon stock price equal to Rp. 3,232,497,935 Rp. 8,081,244,838. Station 3, about 175.13 ha, estimated carbon stock price of Rp. 26,513,474,319 Rp. 66.283.685.798

Abstrak :
Dengan semakin menipisnya cadangan energi dunia, dan rusaknya lingkungan hidup yang mengakibatkan pemanasan global, sudah semestinya untuk mencari alternatif pembuatan alat mesin pendingin yang hemat energi dan ramah lingkungan. Alat tersebut adalah mesin pendingin adsorpsi. Mesin pendingin adsorpsi memerlukan pasangan adsorbat dengan adsorben yang ideal. Proses adsorpsi dan desorpsi adalah salah satu cara atau metode yang efektif untuk membuat siklus pendingin. Adsorpsi adalah fenomena fisik yang terjadi antara molekul-molekul gas atau cair dikontakkan dengan suatu permukaan padatan, untuk itu perlu penelitian karakteristik lebih lanjut adsorbat uap air dengan silika gel sebagai adsorben pasangannya. Karakteristik adsorpsi merupakan salah satu parameter yang menentukan kemampuan adsorben menyerap adsorbat. Di dalam penelitian ini silica gel merek Merck KGaA digunakan sebagai adsorben dan uap air menjadi adsorbatnya. Pengujian kapasitas penyerapan uap air terhadap silica gel sebagai adsorben pasangannya dilakukan dengan alat uji adsorpsi kinetik untuk mengetahui karakteristik adsorpsi. Alat uji adsorpsi kinetik dirancang dan dibuat dengan metode volumetrik dapat digunakan mengukur tekanan dan temperatur per detik. Perhitungan data unjuk kerja alat uji adsorpsi kinetik mengunakan persamaan gas ideal untuk menghitung kapasitas dan laju penyerapan. Dari hasil uji dengan alat adsorpsi kinetik, kapasitas penyerapan uap air terhadap silica gel (SiOj) 0,197 pada tekanan 39,083 mbar dengan temperature 30°C dan 0,296 mg/gadsorbcn pada tekanan 38,925 mbar dengan temperature 32°C sedangkan pada kondisi isothermal temperatur 35°C memiliki kapasitas penyerapan 0,9 mg/gadsorben. ......By distinction of the world resource energy, and environmentally break down could be impact to global warming and. It need to look for the altemative one to make the environmentally - friendly of refrigeration machine and power saver, that called adsorption refrigeration. The adsorption refrigeration need the ideal adsorbent and adsorbate pair. The adsorption and de-sorption process is one of the effective method to generate the refrigeration cycle. The adsorption is physical phenomena that occurs between gas molecules or liquid that contact over the surface, hence it is important to study the characteristic of water vapor towards silica gel and its adsorbate. The adsorption characteristic is the parameter to determine the capable of adsorbent to adsorb adsorbate. In this study the silica gel Merck KGaA type used as adsorbent and water vapor as its adsorbate. The experimental of water vapor capacity adsorption over the silica gel carried out by adsorption kinetic apparatus. The adsorption kinetic apparatus designed by volumetric method, that could be used to measure pressure and temperature persecond. The calculation data performance of this adsorption kinetic using the gas ideal equation. From the experimental data found the capacity of adsorption is 0,197 mg/gr0dsort«i for 30°C and 0,296 mg/gradsoibcn for isothermal of 32°C and the biggest capacity is 0,9 mg/gadsorbenn at isothermal 35°C.

Abstrak :
Ketika electron berenergi besar dipancarkan dari peluruhan radioaktif 14C (Carbon-14) yang berinteraksi dengan materi-materi di sekitarnya, mereka kehilangan energi dan dalam kondisi tertentu diserap oleh materi lain. Energi besar electron ini dilepaskan dengan peluruhan radioaktif yang dikenal dengan sinar beta dan proses ini dikenal dengan attenuasi (peluruhan) sinar beta. Ketika suatu materi diletakkan antara 14C dan alat deteksi sinar beta, maka sinar diserap dan atau energinya berkurang. Hasilnya adalah pengurangan jumlah partikel beta yang terdeteksi. Besarnya jumlah pengurangan partikel beta yang terdeteksi adalah fungsi dari massa penyerapan materi antara sumber beta 14C dan detector. Ini adalah prinsip kerja dari alat BAM 1020, secara automatik mengukur dan mencatat konsentrasi debu berukuran 10 µ. Prinsip ini perlu dipahami oleh operator dan teknisi yang menangani alat BAM1020. ......When the hight-energy electrons emanating from the radioactive decay of 14 C(carbon 14) interect with nearby matter, they loose their energy and, in some cases, are absorbed by the matter. These high-energy electron emitted through radioactive decay are known as beta rays and the process is known as beta-ray attenuation. When matter is placed between the radioactive 14C source and a device designed to detect beta rays, the beta rays are absorbed and/or their energy diminished. This results in a reduction in the number of beta pacticles detected. The magnitude of the reduction in detected beta particles is a function of the mass of the absorbing materr between the 14 beta source and the detector. These are the principle of BAM1020 equipment, automatically measure and record dust concentration which is sized 10µ. These principle must be understood by operator and technesiant to handle a BAM1020 equipment.