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Abstrak :
Prevalensi karies gigi yang ditunjukkan dengan decayed, missing dan filled teeth (DMF-T) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat, termasuk di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran faktor individu, rumahtangga dan kabupaten/kota terhadap kejadian karies gigi guna menyusun model pengendalian karies gigi di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung (provinsi dengan riwayat karies gigi tertinggi). Desain penelitian ini campuran (hybrid) antara ecological study dan cross-sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, pemeriksaan kesehatan gigi, pengambilan sampel air dan wawancara mendalam. Analisis data menggunakan regresi logistik multilevel (dengan mixed-effect model). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktorfaktor pada tingkat individu (frekuensi menggosok gigi, kebersihan gigi dan mulut dan kebiasaan makan makanan asam/bercuka), tingkat rumahtangga (jenis sumber dan keasaman air) dan tingkat kabupaten/kota (ketersediaan perawat gigi dan dokter gigi, angka gizi buruk dan besar anggaran kesehatan per kapita) berpengaruh terhadap prevalensi karies gigi berat pada penduduk dewasa, dimana secara keseluruhan dapat menjelaskan variasi risiko karies gigi sebesar 73,6%. Model pengendalian karies gigi yang sesuai dengan kondisi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung adalah menggabungkan pengendalian faktor pada tingkat individu, rumahtangga dan kabupaten/kota. ......Dental caries prevalence, indicated by decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMF-T), remains a global public health problem, including Indonesia. The objective of this research was to address the role of individual factors, households, and regency/municipality in explaining dental caries incidence, in order to formulate a model to control dental caries in Kepulauan Bangka Belitung—the province with the highest dental caries prevalence in Indonesia. This research was designed as a combination (hybrid) of cross-sectional and ecological studies. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through interview, dental health examination by dentists, water sampling, and in-depth interviews. A multilevel logistic regression (mixed-effect) model was fitted to the data. The results show that the explanatory variables at individual (frequency of teeth brushing, dental and mouth hygiene, and acidic food consumption), household (main water source and acidity), and regency/municipality (availability of dentist and dental nurse, malnutrition, and per capita health budget) levels influenced the prevalence of severe dental caries among adults; they all explained 73.6% of the variation in risk of dental caries. The appropriate disease control model, given the local conditions of Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Province, is one that integrates control of risk factors at individual, household, and regency/municipality levels.

Abstrak :
Asuransi kesehatan sosial merupakan mekanisme pendanaan pelayanan kesehatan yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan, dan memberikan manfaat pengendalian penyakit. Penyakit tidak menular merupakan salah satu penyakit mematikan yang terkadang tidak menunjukan gejala seperti, penyakit hipertensi yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit komplikasi lainnya. Pengendalian penyakit hipertensi yang dilakukan oleh asuransi kesehatan sosial berbeda-beda di setiap negara. Hal ini, berhubungan dengan bagaimana sistem pembayaran provider yang dilakukan di tiap negara tersebut. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi pelaksanaan pembayaran provider asuransi kesehatan sosial dalam pengendalian penyakit hipertensi di beberapa negara dengan metode telaah literatur pada enam online database yaitu, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Cambridge Core, Semantic Scholar, Taylor and Francis, dan Springer Link. Terdapat 10 studi terinklusi yang berasal dari Negara Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, dan Cina. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa peserta dalam skema asuransi kesehatan sosial yang menderita penyakit hipertensi memiliki tingkat prevalensi, kesadaran, dan pengendalian hipertensi yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan mereka diluar skema asuransi kesehatan. Sistem pembayaran provider yang berlaku di Ghana menggunakan metode Ghana Diagnostic Related Groups (G-DRG), Nigeria menggunakan metode kapitasi dan fee-for-service (FFS), Kenya menggunakan metode kapitasi, dan fee-for-service (FFS), dan Cina menggunakan metode kapitasi, dan anggaran global. Secara keseluruhan pembayaran provider pada keempat negara masih memiliki kendala yang terjadi, dan menunjukan tingkat pengendalian hipertensi yang rendah. sehingga, masih diperlukannya evaluasi akan sistem pembayaran provider yang berlaku, dan peningkatan pengendalian penyakit hipertensi oleh asuransi kesehatan sosial di keempat negara. ......Social health insurance is a funding mechanism for health services that is used to improve the quality of health, and provide disease control benefits. Non-communicable diseases are one of the deadly diseases that sometimes do not show symptoms such as hypertension which can cause complications. Control of hypertension carried out by social health insurance varies in each country. This is related to how the provider payment system is carried out in each of these countries. This study identified the implementation of social health insurance provider payments in the control of hypertension in several countries by the literature review method on six online databases namely, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Cambridge Core, Semantic Scholar, Taylor and Francis, and Springer Link. There were 10 included studies from Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya and China. The results showed that participants in the social health insurance scheme who have hypertension have a better level of prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension compared to those outside the health insurance scheme. The provider payment system in Ghana uses the Ghana Diagnostic Related Groups (G-DRG) method, Nigeria uses the capitation and fee-for-service (FFS) methods, Kenya uses the capitation, and fee-for-service (FFS) methods , and China uses the capitation method, and the global budget. In conclusion, provider payments in the four countries still have problems, and show a low level of hypertension control. Thus, there is still a need for evaluation of the existing provider payment system, and improvement of hypertension control by social health insurance in the four countries.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini membahas mengenai gambaran kinerja UPT Puskesmas Kecamatan Cinere Depok pada Program Pengendalian Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue P2DBD. Angka Bebas Jentik ABJ Kecamatan Cinere pada tahun 2016 sebesar 97,91 adalah yang tertinggi dibandingkan dengan kecamatan laindi Kota Depok dan telah melampaui target yang ditetapkan yaitu < 95. Jumlah kasus DBD di Kecamatan Cinere pada tahun 2016 sebesar 2016 sebesar 59 kasus adalah yang terendah dibandingkan dengan kecamatan lain di Kota Depok. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode wawancara mendalam terhadap para informan yang terlibat dalam P2DBD serta telaah dokumen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kinerja UPT Puskesmas Kecamatan Cinere menggunakan metode Malcolm Baldrige, sehingga hal-hal yang sudah baik dapat menjadi pembelajaran dan diadopsi oleh puskesmas lain. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kepemimpinan; perencanaan program; fokus pelanggan; manajemen pengukuran,analisis, dan pengetahuan; fokus sumber daya manusia, manajemen proses dan hasil secara keseluruhan sudah baik. Setiap kriteria telah dilaksanakan sesuai dengan ketentuan pada petunjuk teknis pelaksanaan dan di integrasikan satu sama lain. ...... This study discusses about an overview of the performance UPT Puskesmas Kecamatan Cinere Depok on Dengue Hemorrhagic Disease Control Program P2DBD. Larva Free Rate Angka Bebas Jentik ABJ Cinere in 2016 of 97.91 is the highest compared to other sub districts in Depok City and has exceeded the set target of < 95. The number of cases of dengue fever in Cinere in 2016 by 2016 of 59 cases is the lowest compared to other sub districts in Depok City. This research is a qualitative research with in depth interview method to the informants involved in P2DBD and document review. The purpose of this research is to know the performance of UPT Puskesmas Kecamatan Cinere using Malcolm Baldrige method, so that things that have good can become learning and adopted by other. The results showed that leadership program planning customer focus measurement, analysis, and knowledge management workforce focus, operations focus and overall results are good. Each criterion has been implemented in accordance with the provisions of the implementation technical guidelines and integrated with each other.

Abstrak :
Pratylenchus brachyurus is an important parasitic nematode which significantly decreases quality and quantity of patchouli oil. One potential measure for controlling the nematode is by using endophytic bacteria. These bacteria also induce plant growth. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of endo-phytic bacteria to control P. brachyurus. The experiments were carried out in the Bacteriological Laboratory of the Plant Protection Department, Bogor Agricultural University, and the Laboratory and Greenhouse of the Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute from April to December 2007. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from the roots of patchouli plants sampled from various locations in West Java. Antagonistic activity of the isolates were selected against P. brachyurus and their abilities to induce plant growth of patch-ouli plants. Isolates having ability to control P. brachyurus and promote plant growth were identified by molecular techniques using 16S rRNA universal primers. The results showed that a total of 257 isolates of endophytic bacteria were obtained from patchouli roots and their population density varied from 2.3 x 102 to 6.0 x 105 cfu g-1 fresh root. As many as 60 isolates (23.34%) were antagonistic against P. brachyurus causing 70-100% mortality of the namatode, 72 isolates (28.01%) stimu-lated plant growth, 32 isolates (12.47%) inhibited plant growth, and 93 isolates (36.18%) were neutral. Based on their antago-nistic and plant growth enhancer characters, five isolates of the bacteria, namely Achromobacter xylosoxidans TT2, Alcaligenes faecalis NJ16, Pseudomonas putida EH11, Bacillus cereus MSK, and Bacillus subtilis NJ57 suppressed 74.0-81.6% nema-tode population and increased 46.97-86.79% plant growth. The study implies that the endophytic bacteria isolated from patchouly roots are good candidates for controlling P. brachyurus on patchouly plants.