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"Penelitian ini mengaitkan perkembangan rute Air France selama masa Les Trente Glorieuses dengan masyarakat di masa itu. Setelah Perang Dunia II berakhir, pemulihan penerbangan komersial pascaperang adalah salah satu prioritas Pemerintah Prancis. Air France sebagai maskapai nasional Prancis didorong untuk melakukan perkembangan pelayanan berupa peningkatan fasilitas di dalam dan di luar kabin pesawat, juga pembukaan rute-rute baru. Selama l'rga puluh tahun, Air France mewakili Prancis menjalin kerjasama dengan berbagai negara beserla maskapai nasionalnya untuk memperluas jaringan rute. Perkembangan rute dilakukan karena Air France sebagai maskapai nasional berlugas mengakomodir kebutuhan masyarakat Prancis untuk bepergian lebih cepat nyaman, dan dengan pilihan destinasi yang semakin banyak. Sehubungan dengan hal itu, penelitian ini secara deskriptif-analisis membahas keadaan sosial ekonomi masyarakat Prancis pada Masa Les Trente Glorieu.ses agar terlihat kebutuhan mereka sebagai konsumen penerbangan. Latar sosial ekonomi setiap kalangan dalam masyarakat akan menimbulkan motif-motif khusus untuk memanfaatkan rute baru Air France.

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This thesis specifies on Air France route accession during The Glorious Thirty and its correlation with French society in that period. At the end of World War II, commercial aviation has made it into one of French Govemment's priorities. Air France as a flag-carrier was assigned to improve its service through innovations on the inside and outside of the cabin, as well as route inaugurations. Throughout The Glorious Thirly, Air France on behalf of French Government affiliated with numerous countries along with their flag-carrier to expand its route network. This step was essential for Air France as it has full responsibility to accommodate French people's need to travel. Air France had to offer a faster and more pleasant flight with divers destination choices due to its status as flag-carier. Thus, the during The Glorious Thirty This thesis specifies on Air France route accession during The Glorious Thirty and its correlation with French society in that period. At the end of World War II, commercial aviation has made it into one of French Govemment's priorities. Air France as a flag-carrier was assigned to improve its service through innovations on the inside and outside of the cabin, as well as route inaugurations. Throughout The Glorious Thirly, Air France on behalf of French Government affiliated with numerous countries along with their flag-carrier to expand its route network. This step was essential for Air France as it has full responsibility to accommodate French people's need to travel. Air France had to offer a faster and more pleasant flight with divers destination choices due to its status as flag-carier. Thus, the, o"iul-""o.romic background of French society at that time is descriptively analyzed in order to see their needs as commercial aviation consumer as it will interpret their motivation of travelling with Air France's new routes."

"Latar Belakang: Kejadian Nyeri Punggung Bawah yang muncul tiba-tiba, tidak dapat diprediksi, dan kekambuhan yang dapat sering terjadi berisiko terjadinya ketidaknyamanan serta disabilitas pada pilot yang bahkan dapat meningkatkan resiko inkapasitasi yang dapat mengancam keselamatan penerbangan. Tujuan Penelitian ialah untuk mengetahui hubungan NPB dengan faktor risiko yang dialami oleh pilot fixed-wing penerbangan komersial di Indonesia.Metode: Studi potong lintang dilakukan pada pilot fixed-wing penerbangan komersial yang melaksanakan pengujian kesehatan di Balai Kesehatan Penerbang pada bulan September-Oktober 2021. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengisian kuesioner yang telah disiapkan dan melalui rekam medis. Untuk parameter penelitian penentuan nyeri punggung bawah, digunakan kuesioner ODI (Oswestry Disability Index) bahasa Indonesia yang sudah divalidasi pada penelitian lainnya.Hasil: didapatkan jumlah reseponden sebesar 410 orang, yang terdiri dari 394 responden laki-laki dan 16 responden perempuan. Dari keseluruhan didapatkan 24 responden (5,85%) mengalami NPB. Analisis lebih lanjut menunjukkan faktor jenis kelamin memiliki hubungan yang bermakna terhadap NPB (p = 0,01) dibandingkan dengan faktor lainnya (usia, index masa tubuh, dan total jam terbang).Kesimpulan dan saran: Penerbang perempuan memiliki resiko lebih besar daripada penerbang laki-laki untuk mengalami NPB, sebaiknya menjaga kondisi tubuh baik dari aktivitas maupun berat badan agar dapat mengurangi resiko terjadinya NPB

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Background: The incidence of low back pain that appears suddenly, unpredictable, and often relapses has the risk of discomfort and disability for pilots which can even increase the risk of incapacitation which can threaten flight safety. Aim of this study was to determine the correlation between NPB and its risk factors among fixed-wing commercial flight pilots in Indonesia.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted on fixed-wing commercial flight pilots who conducting medical examination at Civil Aviation Medical Center in September-October 2021. Data collection was carried out through filling out prepared questionnaires and through medical records. For research parameters determining low back pain, the Indonesian language Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire was used which has been validated in other studies.

Results: among 410 respondents, consisting of 394 male respondents and 16 female respondents, 24 respondents (5.85%) experienced LBP. Further analysis showed that gender had a significant relationship with LBP (p = 0.01) compared to other factors (age, body mass index, and total flight hours).

Conclusions and suggestions: Female pilots have a greater risk than male pilots to experience LBP, it is better to maintain their condition both from activity and body weight in order to reduce the risk of LBP."