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"[Sebagai pemimpin tertinggi Republik Rakyat Cina pada tahun 1949-1976, Mao Zedong banyak membawa pengaruh pada berbagai aspek dalam negara, salah satunya aspek militer.Berbagai pemikirannya dalam bidang militer diaplikasikan pada kegiatan militer RepublikRakyat Cina, terutama pada Tentara Pembebasan Rakyat sebagai komponen utama militernegara. Setelah meninggalnya Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping melanjutkan kepemimpinan danmencanangkan pelaksanaan program Empat Modernisasi pada tahun 1978 yang di dalamnyaberisikan program modernisasi militer. Secara otomatis, Tentara Pembebasan Rakyatmengalami modernisasi pada masa tersebut. Pemikiran militer Mao Zedong yang sebelumnya berpengaruh kuat dalam Tentara Pembebasan Rakyat juga mengalami perubahan.;As the supreme leader of the People's Republic of China in 1949-1976, Mao Zedong has strong influence in various aspects of the country, including military aspect. His militarythoughts was applied to military activities of the People's Republic of China, especially in thePeople's Liberation Army as a major component of the country's military. After the death ofMao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping became president of the People's Republic of China and startedthe Four Modernizations program in 1978 which contains military modernization program.It’s also followed by the modernization of People's Liberation Army. Since that, the strong influence from Mao Zedong's military thoughts in the People's Liberation Army is also changing.;As the supreme leader of the People's Republic of China in 1949-1976, Mao Zedong has strong influence in various aspects of the country, including military aspect. His militarythoughts was applied to military activities of the People's Republic of China, especially in thePeople's Liberation Army as a major component of the country's military. After the death ofMao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping became president of the People's Republic of China and startedthe Four Modernizations program in 1978 which contains military modernization program.It’s also followed by the modernization of People's Liberation Army. Since that, the strong influence from Mao Zedong's military thoughts in the People's Liberation Army is also changing., As the supreme leader of the People's Republic of China in 1949-1976, Mao Zedong has strong influence in various aspects of the country, including military aspect. His militarythoughts was applied to military activities of the People's Republic of China, especially in thePeople's Liberation Army as a major component of the country's military. After the death ofMao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping became president of the People's Republic of China and startedthe Four Modernizations program in 1978 which contains military modernization program.It’s also followed by the modernization of People's Liberation Army. Since that, the strong influence from Mao Zedong's military thoughts in the People's Liberation Army is also changing.]"

"[ABSTRAKSkripsi ini berfokus pada telaah pemikiran Njoto, salah satu pimpinan utama PKI, dalam kapasitasnya sebagai seorang politikus, publisis, dan pekerja budaya. Pemikirannya berkelindan pada konteks Indonesia periode 1951?1965. Melalui kajian skripsi ini penulis mencoba keluar dari penilaian apriori terhadap pemikiran kalangan kiri Indonesia. Skripsi ini juga bertujuan untuk melengkapi khazanah historiografi pemikiran periode 1950-an yang nisbi terbatas. Oleh karena itu, dalam proses penulisan skripsi ini penulis banyak memanfaatkan karya-karya Njoto selama kurun tersebut yang dipublikasikan dalam koran komunis, Harian Rakjat. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa akar dari pemikiran Njoto adalah keberpihakan politik kepada masyarakat kelas bawah. Tema besar dari gagasannya adalah tentang pembebasan rakyat dari ketertindasan. Gagasannya dalam taraf tertentu tidak orisinal, tetapi gagasannya dalam tiga domain tersebut saling bertaut sehingga mampu mendukung gerakan yang sinergis dan masif. ABSTRACTThis study focuses on Njoto?s thought, one of the eminent leaders of Indonesian Communist Party, in his capacity as politician, publicist, and cultural commentator. His thinking is intertwined in the context of Indonesia period 1951?1965. Through this study, the author tries out a priori assessment on the thinking of the left movement in Indonesia. This study also aims to complete the historiography of thought in the 1950s which were relatively limited. Therefore, in the process of writing this study, the author utilizes Njoto?s works during that period were published in a communist newspaper, Harian Rakjat. The result of this study shows that the roots of his thought was his political alignments toward the lower class. The major consideration of his thoughts is about people liberation from oppression. The idea isn?t original to some extent, but in these three domains linked with and support the synergistic and massive movement., This study focuses on Njoto’s thought, one of the eminent leaders of Indonesian Communist Party, in his capacity as politician, publicist, and cultural commentator. His thinking is intertwined in the context of Indonesia period 1951—1965. Through this study, the author tries out a priori assessment on the thinking of the left movement in Indonesia. This study also aims to complete the historiography of thought in the 1950s which were relatively limited. Therefore, in the process of writing this study, the author utilizes Njoto’s works during that period were published in a communist newspaper, Harian Rakjat. The result of this study shows that the roots of his thought was his political alignments toward the lower class. The major consideration of his thoughts is about people liberation from oppression. The idea isn’t original to some extent, but in these three domains linked with and support the synergistic and massive movement.]"

"Pemikiran militer Mao Zedong dan peranannya dalam Tentara Pembebasan Rakyat. Di bawah bimbingan Dr. A. Dahana , Fakultas Sastra Universitas Indonesia , 1997. Sejak masa dinasti, peran dan kehadiran militer dalam perjalanan sejarah bangsa Cina sangat penting. Pergantian antara dinasti yang satu ke dinasti berikutnya selalu ditandai dengan adanya pemberontakan bersenjata kaum tani terhadap dinasti penguasa yang dianggap telah kehilangan 'mandat clan langit' (Tianming). Hal tersebut dapat dikatakan sebagai cikal bakal militer di Cina. Jika pada masa Cina klasik terdapat pemikiran militer Sun Zi yang sangat terkenal, maka pada masa Cina kontemporer terdapat pemikiran militer Mao Zedong. Mao terkenal dengan konsep Perang Rakyat-nya sebagai doktrin rniliter. Doktrin tersebut telah menjadi suatu landasan kebijaksanaan militer Cina selama puluhan tahun. Pemikirannya tersebut dipengaruhi oleh dua sumber utama yaitu pemikiran Cina klasik dan Marxisme-Leninisme. Dalam pernikirannya, Mao sangat memperhatikan keseimbangan antara unsur 'merah' dan 'ahli' namun pada pelaksanaannya justru terdapat penekanan dalam hal 'manusia yang mengungguli mesin' sehingga unsur keahlian dan modemisasi militer agak terabaikan. Perselisihan antara unsur 'merah' dan 'ahli' tersebut selalu mewarnai kemelut kepemimpinan di Cina dan mencapai puncaknya pada saat pecahnya Revolusi Besar Kebudayaan Proletariat (Wenhua da Geming) di tahun 1966."