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"Keseragaman temperatur pada Fluidized Bed Combustion adalah hal yang penting untuk menjaga kestabilan pembakaran. Dengan mengunakan wood pellets distribusi temperatur dapat lebih seragam tetapi terjadi aglomerasi. Aglomerasi menyebabkan terjadinya defluidisasi sehingga mengakibatkan FBC tidak dapat berkerja secara optimal. Untuk memperoleh distribusi temperatur yang merata dan tidak terjadi aglomerasi dalam penelitian ini diteliti dengan menambahkan campuran sekam padi pada wood pellets. Metode yang dilakukan adalah melakukan studi ekperimental pembakaran dari variasi campuran wood pellets dengan sekam padi dengan variasi sekam padi 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, dan 50%. Hanya dengan menambahkan sekam padi 10%, Aglomerasi sudah tidak terjadi. Burning rate dengan campuran sekam yang terjadi dalam proses pembakaran lebih cepat dibanding tanpa menggunakan sekam padi. Sehingga didapat campuran bahan bakar yang optimum dengan distribusi temperatur yang lebih merata dan stabil pada bed, splash zone, dan freeboard dengan mengunakan campuran 90% wood pellets dan 10% sekam padi

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Temperature uniformity on Fluidized Bed Combustion is important to maintain the stability of combustion. By using wood pellets is more uniform temperature distribution can but happen agglomeration. Agglomeration causes defluidisasi resulting FBC can not work optimally. To obtain uniform temperature distribution and agglomeration does not occur in this study researched by adding a mixture of rice husk on wood pellets. The method used is to study experimental combustion of wood pellets variation mix with rice husk rice husk with a variation of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. Just by adding a 10% rice husks, agglomeration is not occur. Burning rate with a mixture of chaff that occur in the combustion process faster than without the use of rice husk. In order to get optimum fuel mixture with the uniform temperature distribution more uniform and stable in bed, splash zone and freeboard by using a blend of 90% wood pellets and 10% rice husks."

"Beberapa penelitian yang telah dilakukan pada unit fluidized bed combustor Universitas Indonesia adalah eksperimen pembakaran biomassa seperti cangkang kelapa, cangkang kelapa sawit, sekam padi, ranting pohon dan daun kering. Dari penelitian tersebut terlihat bahwa distribusi temperatur yang yang dihasilkan sangat berfluktuasi. Hal ini disebabkan bentuk dan ukuran bahan bakar yang digunakan tidak homogen. Pada penelitian kali ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan bahan bakar dari biomassa dengan bentuk dan ukuran yang lebih homogen yaitu wood pellets, namun pembakaran 100% wood pellets menyebabkan aglomerasi pada material bed.Metode yang dilakukan adalah melakukan studi ekperimental pembakaran dari campuran wood pellets dengan tempurung kelapa dengan beberapa variasi komposisi. Selama pengujian tersebut dilakukan pengukuran temperatur pada beberapa titik yaitu dibawah bed, di tengah-tengah bed, di atas bed dan di free board area. Dari hasil eksperimen ini diketahui penambahan tempurung kelapa sampai 20% masih menimbulkan aglomerasi, untuk 30% atau lebih tidak terjadi aglomerasi. Distribusi temperatur yang paling stabil terjadi pada penambahan 40% tempurung kelapa

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Several studies have been conducted on a fluidized bed combustor unit of the University of Indonesia is an experiment in combusting biomass such as coconut shells, palm shells, rice husks, tree branches and dried leaves. From these studies it appears that the resulting temperature distribution is very fluctuating. This is due to the shape and size of the fuel is not homogeneous. In the present study conducted using fuels from biomass with a shape and size that is more homogeneous wood pellets, but the burning of 100% wood pellets cause agglomeration of the bed material. The method used is to study experimental combustion of wood pellets with a mixture of coconut shell with some variations in composition. During the test the temperature measurement is carried out at some point that is below the bed, in the middle of the bed, above the bed and in the free board area. From the results of this experiment in mind the addition of coconut shell up to 20% is still causing agglomeration, 30% or more does not occur agglomeration. Most stable temperature distribution occurs in the addition of 40% coconut shell."

"The definition of the physical and mechanicalproperties of sugarcane trash pellets were necessary for the designconsiderations relating to storage, handling andprocessing equipment. The mixing ratios of groundsugarcane trash:cassava starch:water content (1.0:0.25:0.85 and 1.0:0.25:1.40 by weight) and pelleting speeds (100, 120, 140, and 160 rpm) were considered to determine their effects on bulkdensity, true density, porosity, durability and compressive strength. The results show that the mixing ratio byweight of 1.0:0.25:0.85 and pelleting speed of 120to 140 rpm were optimum for producing the sugarcane trash pellets. At the moisture content of 12.01% (wb), the bulk density, true density, durability and compressive strengthof biomass pellets were in the range of 330.93 to 365.00 kg/m3, 860.38 to 918.43 kg/m3, 99.34 to 99.46 % and 5.15 to 6.43 MPa, respectively."

"The definition of the physical and mechanical properties of sugarcane trash pellets were necessary for the design considerations relating to storage, handling and processing equipment. The mixing ratios of ground sugarcane trash:cassava starch:water content (1.0:0.25:0.85 and 1.0:0.25:1.40 by weight) and pelleting speeds (100, 120, 140, and 160 rpm) were considered to determine their effects on bulk density, true density, porosity, durability and compressive strength. The results show that the mixing ratio by weight of 1.0:0.25:0.85 and pelleting speed of 120 to 140 rpm were optimum for producing the sugarcane trash pellets. At the moisture content of 12.01% (wb), the bulk density, true density, durability and compressive strength of biomass pellets were in the range of 330.93 to 365.00 kg/m3, 860.38 to 918.43 kg/m3, 99.34 to 99.46 % and 5.15 to 6.43 MPa, respectively."

"ABSTRAKPolipropilena sering dijadikan berbagai macam kebutuhan seperti kemasan, tali, komponen otomotif dan lain sebagainya. Dalam hal ini polipropilena yang dijadikan sebagai kemasan dapat dilakukan proses daur ulang. Sejauh ini masih belum ada bukti mengenai penurunan kekuatan daur ulang sampai sejauh mana. Penelitian ini ingin mencari tahu sampai dimana plastik tersebut tidak mengalami perubahan yang signifikan melalui paradigma material value conservation. Dengan melihat nilai kekuatan dari pengujian tarik, perubahan densitasnya dan perubahan fisiknya warna . Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan daur ulang polipropilena dengan proses satu kali, dua kali, empat kali dan delapan kali. Pada uji tarik dan modulus tidak mengalami perubahan yang signifikan, sedangkan untuk nilai dari elongasi bertambah. Untuk densitas tidak mengalami perubahan. Perubahan paling besar terdapat pada perubahan warna produk, dimana makin banyak daur ulang akan semakin gelap. Berdasarkan paradigma material value conservation, pada daur ulang ke delapan kali nilainya sudah sangat berkurang walaupun nilai kualitas dari material tersebut tetap baik, namun dari sisi nilai harga, material tersebut telah mengalami penurunan harga yang signifikan berdasarkan info yang berlaku saat ini. Sehingga secara fungsional kemasan masih dapat digunakan sampai delapan kali daur ulang.

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ABSTRACTPolypropylene has been used in various needs such as packaging, rope, automotive components and so forth. In this case, the polypropylene used as packaging can be recycled. Until now, there is still no evidence of a decrease in recycling strength. This research wanted to know how much the plastic recycling didn rsquo t change significantly through the paradigm of material value conservation. By doing tensile strength and density test also physical changes color of polypropylene.In this research, polypropylene recycling was processed once, twice, four times and eight times. There is no different significant value for tensile test and modulus but for elongation value has increased after recycling eight times. For density, value remains the same from one times to eight times recycling. The big changes of this experiment in color changes, more recycled the color become darker.Based on Material Value Conservation paradigm, in eight times recycling the value has decreased although the value of quality still good. Due to the polypropylene has decreased in price based on current info. So that, the functional of plastic packaging still usable up to eight times recycled. "

"Penelitian ini menganalisis bentuk dan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sumber air laut, sumber air tawar petak A, air kolam 19, pakan buatan (pelet), saluran pencernaan, dan feses udang vannamei Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) di Tambak Udang Vannamei Unit Sobo, Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur. Sampel air diambil dan disimpan dalam botol kaca sebanyak 300 ml, sampel pakan menggunakan pakan jenis SGH2 buatan perusahaan sendiri sebanyak 10 gr, sedangkan sampel udang digunakan sebanyak 5 individu dari kolam 19 dan tiap udang diambil bagian saluran pencernaan dan fesesnya. Sampel air, pakan, saluran pencernaan, dan feses diamati menggunakan mikroskop serta dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Sampel diambil pada tanggal 25 Oktober 2021 dengan DOC (Day of Culture) 53 dan penelitian berlangsung selama 1 bulan dari bulan Oktober hingga November 2021. Penelitian memperlihatkan tiga bentuk mikroplastik, yaitu fragmen, film, dan fiber. Mikroplastik bentuk fragmen mendominasi dalam penelitian ini. Selain itu, berdasarkan data kelimpahan mikroplastik, diketahui bahwa mikroplastik pada pakan banyak yang tidak ditemukan ke dalam proses pencernaan. Kemudian, diketahui juga tidak terdapat perbedaan nilai kelimpahan, serta terdapat hubungan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada saluran pencernaan dan feses udang vannamei.

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This study analyzed the shape and abundance of microplastics in seawater sources, plot A freshwater source, pond water, artificial feed, digestive tract, and feces of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) at Unit Sobo Shrimp Ponds, Banyuwangi, East Java. As much as 300 ml of water were taken and stored in glass bottles; feed samples made by the company itself, were taken as much as 10 grams; while shrimp samples were used as many as 5 individuals from 19 ponds, taken from the digestive tract and feces. Each sample were observed using a microscope and repeated 3 times. Samples were taken on October 25, 2021 with DOC (Day of Culture) 53 and the study lasted for 1 month from October to November 2021. Research shows three forms of microplastics, namely fragments, films, and fibers. Microplastic fragments dominate in this study. In addition, based on data on the abundance of microplastics, it is known that many microplastics in feed are not found in the digestive process. Then, it was also known that there was no difference in the abundance value and that there was a relationship between the abundance of microplastics in the digestive tract and feces."

"Biofilter merupakan teknologi alternatif yang digunakan untuk mereduksi gas polutan N2O dengan medium filter pelet kompos. Penelitian biofilter skala laboratorium dilakukan dengan sistem aliran semibacth selama 12 jam, bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi rasio perbandingan bahan pengikat dengan kompos, dan diteliti juga perubahan sifat fisik-kimia medium filter selama proses biosorpsi dan perkembangan mikroba sebelum dan setelah proses biosorpsi serta membuat model matematis proses biosorpsi. Efisiensi reduksi N2O dianalisis menggunakan GC dan hasil kualitatif mikroorganisme dianalisis dengan metode TPC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan efisiensi reduksi N2O sebesar 79% pada pelet kompos dengan bahan pengikat tepung beras pada rasio 5:95% dan jumlah mikroorganisme meningkat 20% setelah proses biosorpsi. Sifat fisik dan kimia pelet kompos selama proses biofiltrasi mengalami perubahan yang tidak signifikan dan masih berada dalam kondisi optimim. Estimasi parameter dengan persamaan adsorpsi Langmuir menunjukkan bahwa KL= -0,0021 m3/g dan qm = 169,1 g N2O/kg dan estimasi dengan Michaelis Menten menunjukkan bahwa Vm=1037,94 g/m3jam dan Ks = 217,39 g/m3 kompos pada bahan pengikat tepung beras dengan rasio 5:95%.

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Biofilter is an alternative technology that is used to reduce pollutant gases N2O with compost pellet medium filter. Research conducted by a laboratory-scale biofilter semibacth flow system for 12 hours, it purpose to evaluate the ratio of the binder with compost, and also examined changes in physical-chemical properties of the filter medium during the process biosorpsition and microbial growth before and after the process and create a mathematical model biosorpsition process. N2O reduction efficiency was analyzed using GC and qualitative results of the microorganisms were analyzed by the method of TPC. The results showed the removel efficiency of N2O as 79% in compost pellet binder with rice flour at a ratio of 5:95% and the number of microorganisms increased 20% after biosorpsition process. Physical and chemical properties of compost pellets during biofiltration experienced no significant changes and still be in condition optimum. Estimated parameters with Langmuir adsorption equation shows that KL = -0.0021 m3g-1 and qm=169,1 gN2Okg-1 and Michaelis Menten estimates indicate that Vm=1037.94 g m-3 h-1 and Ks = 217.39 g m-3 of compost on rice flour binder with a ratio of 5:95%. "