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"Diarrhea poses significant health risks in developing countries like Indonesia, especially among children, contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates according to the 2018 World Health Organization report. The escalating antimicrobial resistance among enteric pathogens in these nations is also a critical concern. The aim of this research is to profile Gram-negative bacteria in pediatric patients with diarrheal conditions and analyze the antibacterial gene resistance of Gram-negative bacteria in these patients. Stool samples were cultured and sent to the FKUI Microbiology Laboratory for DNA isolation. Pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria were identified and sequenced at the Bioinformatics Core Facilities at IMERI-FKUI using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Antibiotic resistance to antibiotics such as cefixime, co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and carbapenem was determined. Eighteen bacterial samples revealed a diverse landscape of Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli strains. Klebsiella pneumoniae predominated (56%), with various Sequence Types (STs) and phylotypes identified. Notably, ST-231 and ST-101 were associated with the K1 phylotype, indicating potential virulence. E. coli (44% of samples) showed a spectrum of pathogenicity, including ExPEC as the most prevalent. Virulence gene analysis highlighted complex pathogenic mechanisms and significant antibiotic resistance, especially in E. coli. K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates showed high resistance to multiple antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin, aminoglycosides, and beta-lactams. This research enhances the understanding of gastrointestinal health in children and underscores the urgent need for effective antimicrobial stewardship to combat antimicrobial resistance."

"Periodontitis adalah penyakit inflamasi yang berhubungan dengan bakteri, terutama bakteri red complex. Penuaan dapat mengubah kemampuan untuk merespons berbagai rangsangan dan kondisi fisik. Pertahanan host, Lingkungan rongga mulut, dan virulensi bakteri yang memengaruhi status periodontal dan kuantitas bakteri red complex. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan dan hubungan antara status periodontal dengan kuantitatif bakteri red complex pada lanjut usia. Studi klinis ini meneliti 20 subjek dewasa sebagai kontrol dan 20 subjek lanjut usia penderita periodontitis. Pengukuran klinis dengan penilaian Papillary Bleeding Index dan Oral Hygiene Index score. Koleksi plak subgingiva diperoleh dari gigi dengan kedalaman probing 5-7 mm menggunakan paper point. Analisis kuantitatif bakteri red complex dengan RT-PCR. Hasil Uji Mann- Whitney Upada perbandingan status periodontal antara kedua kelompok menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05), namun sebaliknya terdapat perbedaan bermakna untuk kuantitas ketiga bakteri red complex pada tiap kelompok (p<0,05). Uji Spearman menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara kuantitas bakteri dengan skor kebersihan mulut dan secara statistik hanya P. gingivalis yang berhubungan dengan kuantitas bakteri (p<0,05). Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan pada kedua kelompok memiliki status periodontal yang buruk dengan kuantitas bakteri red complex lebih tinggi pada kelompok lansia. Hubungan antara OHIS dan PBI dengan bakteri red complex menunjukkan hasil positif.

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Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease associated with bacteria, especially the red complex bacteria. Aging can change the ability to respond to various stimuli and physical conditions. Host defense, oral environment, and bacterial virulence influencing periodontal status and red complex bacteria quantity. This study aims to analyze the comparison and relationship between periodontal status and quantitative red complex bacteria in the elderly. This clinical study examined 20 adult and 20 elderly subjects with periodontitis. Clinical measurement with Papillary Bleeding Index and Oral Hygiene Index scores. The subgingival plaque collection was obtained from the teeth with a probing depth of 5-7 mm using paper points. Quantitative analysis of red complex bacteria by RT-PCR. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test on the comparison of periodontal status between the two groups showed no significant difference (p>0.05), but on the contrary there was a significant difference for the quantity of the three red complex bacteria in each group (p<0.05). Spearman's test showed that there was a relationship between the quantity of bacteria and the oral hygiene score and statistically only P. gingivalis was associated with the quantity of bacteria (p<0.05). The results of the study concluded that both groups had poor periodontal status with a higher quantity of red complex bacteria in the elderly group. The relationship between OHIS and PBI with red complex bacteria showed positive results."

"ABSTRAKThe dichloromethane and methanol extracts, and the essential oil of Persicaria sp. were subjected to in vitro anti rice pathogenic microbial activity tests. The essential oil displayed the most potential antimicrobial activity. GC MS analysis revealed thirteen main compounds as dodecanal (54%), decanal (15%), trans caryophyllene (8%), cyclododecane (7%) and humulene (5%). Strong antimicrobial activities of the oil and dodecanal were found against Rhizoctonia solani (IC50 of 0.066 and 0.851 mg/mL) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (MIC/MBC of 0.78/12.50 and 0.78/25.00 mg/mL), and potent activities against Bipolaris oryzae (IC50 of 3.047 and 3.341 mg/mL) and X. oryzae pv. oryzae (MIC/MBC of 3.12/12.50 and 3.12/25.00 mg/mL). In terms of structure activity relationship, 2 dodecanone and 2 dodecanol displayed significantly anti fungal activity, while 1 and 2 dodecanols expressed potent anti bacterial activity. The essential oil might be used for new microcides controlling rice pathogenic bacteria and fungi."