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"Penelitian ini disusun dalam rangka melakukan analisis terhadap Undang Undang 14 Tahun 2001 tentang Paten khususnya pengaturan mengenai ruang lingkup invensi dan syarat patentabilitas ketika diterapkan pada permohonan klaim paten terhadap sel punca Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu pertama bahwa sel punca yang telah dimodifikasi dan atau dikeluarkan dari lingkungan alamiahnya memenuhi ruang lingkup suatu invensi Kedua sel punca merupakan invensi yang dapat dipatenkan berdasarkan Undang Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2001 tentang Paten ketika memenuhi syarat kebaruan langkah inventif dan dapat diterapkan dalam industri dengan catatan bahwa sel punca tersebut bukan merupakan sel punca yang berasal dari embrio manusia Kata kunci Paten Terhadap Sel Punca Invensi dan Discovery Product of Nature Product Derived from Nature Kebaruan Langkah Inventif Dapat Diterapkan Dalam Industri Ordre Public dan Moralitas

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This research was arranged in order to conduct an analysis on Law Number 14 of 2001 Regarding Patents specifically for the regulation on the scope of the invention and the patentability requirements when applied to the claims of the patent application for stem cells Firstly this research found that stem cells that have been modified and or removed from their natural environment meet the scope of an invention Secondly stem cells are patentable invention if the stem cells are novel involve an inventive step and susceptible of industrial application based on Law Number 14 Of 2001 Regarding Patents as long as the stem cells are not derived from human embryos Keywords Stem Cells Patent Invention and Discovery Product of Nature Product Derived from Nature Novelty Inventive Step Industrial Applicable Ordre Public and Morality"

"This book explores the transition of trade in ideas from an exchange largely within firms and nations to an exchange between firms and nations. Using principles of experimental economics, the author investigates the licensing contract and mechanisms of exchange (rules of trade) as this exchange moves towards organized markets with prices. A key issue concerns the effect of introducing demand side bidding, through which the patent system introduces specialization and multiple use of the same technology in different new products, thus expanding the use of technology a firm has to more actors, products, and consumers. The risk and uncertainty in market access for cheaper, better and unique products and services are reduced through new and competitive technology. More fundamentally the work illustrates the theoretical, design, and patent system policy issues in a transition from personal to impersonal trade in ideas."

"Much has been discussed on the issue of the implications of the free trade agreements (FTA) and public health, espicially on the relationship of intellectual property and public health and the public health provisions under the Doha Declaration, which specifically relates to the access to medicine...."

"Intangible assets such as patents have become important competitive factors and key elements in the value structure of technology-intensive companies. While patents represent the technological capital to a large extent, they are not adequately represented in the field of corporate financing. Based on expert interviews and a large-scale survey, Dominic de Vries provides one of the first in-depth empirical studies into how patents contribute to companies’ access to external financial sources. He identifies and analyses the actual extent and influence factors of financial patent utilization across company size clusters and patent-intensive industry sectors in Germany."

"Is your Web site in violation of copyright laws? Do you know how you can keep others from copying your creative products? What effect has the rapid proliferation of communications--from the Internet to ipods--had on copyright law?"

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Walaupun secara normatif penggunaan Paten sebagai agunan dalam pemberian kredit bank dapat dilakukan, nyatanya praktik ini belum dapat diwujudkan di Indonesia karena terdapat beberapa permasalahan. Berbeda dengan Indonesia, Singapura telah melakukan praktik ini sejak tahun 2016. Skripsi ini membahas mengenai faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan praktik pemberian kredit bank dengan Paten sebagai agunan belum dapat dilakukan di Indonesia dan perbandingannya dengan Singapura. Pada skripsi ini, Penulis mengangkat dua pokok permasalahan: (1) bagaimana peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia dan Singapura mengatur mengenai pemberian kredit dan jaminan kredit perbankan; dan (2) bagaimana pengikatan paten sebagai agunan dalam pemberian kredit bank di Indonesia dan Singapura. Bentuk penelitian dari skripsi ini ialah yuridis-normatif dengan tipologi penelitian deskriptif-analitis yang didukung oleh studi bahan pustaka dan wawancara sebagai alat pengumpul data. Dari penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengikatan paten sebagai agunan di Indonesia belum dapat dilakukan karena terdapat beberapa permasalahan, yaitu belum terdapat kepastian hukum mengenai penggunaan paten sebagai agunan, risiko berupa sifat paten yang jangka waktunya terbatas, belum terdapat pihak yang dapat melakukan valuasi terhadap paten, dan kurangnya pemahaman dari para pihak terkait pemberian kredit bank mengenai Hak Kekayaan Intelektual secara umum. Di sisi lain, walaupun pengikatan paten sebagai agunan di Singapura sudah dapat dilakukan, terdapat beberapa permasalahan terkait dengan praktiknya, meliputi permasalahan dalam IP-Creation, IP-Protection, dan IP-Commercialization. Agar praktik ini dapat dilakukan di Indonesia, diperlukan adanya penyesuaian dari segi peraturan, pelatihan bagi para pihak berkepentingan, dan kepastian mengenai valuasi paten di Indonesia.

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Even though the use of Patents as collateral in bank credit can be done according to the law, this practice has not been realized in Indonesia. In contrast to Indonesia, Singapore has been practicing bank credit with Patents as collateral since 2016. This thesis raises two main issues: (1) how the laws and regulations in Indonesia and Singapore monitor the provision of credit and collateral for bank credit; and (2) how is the use of Patents as collateral in the provision of bank credit in Indonesia and Singapore. Data are collected by studying the library materials and interviews conducted. The results of this thesis indicate that the use of patents as collateral in bank credit in Indonesia can’t be carried out there are several problems such as the lack of legal certainty concerning the use of patents as collateral, risks from patents’ limited period of time, no party who can evaluate the patents, and the lack of general understanding from parties related to bank lending regarding Intellectual Property Rights. On the other hand, even though the use of patents as collateral in bank credit in Singapore, there still are some obstacles on field practices regarding IP-Creation, IP-Protection, and IP-Commercialization. In order for this practice to be carried out in Indonesia, it requires adjustments in the law and regulations, training for related parties, and certainty regarding Patent valuation in Indonesia.

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"Tulisan ini menganalisis bagaimana konsepsi pelaksanaan paten oleh pemerintah yangditerapkan dalam pengaturan Paten, ketika suatu paten yang berkaitan dengan pertahanan dan keamanan negara dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah melalui Peraturan Presiden. Kemampuan membangun serta mengembangkan teknologi pertahanan dan keamanan sangat penting, bila invensi yang berkaitan dengan pertahanan dan keamanan negara akan mengakibatkan pemegang paten tidak dapat melaksanakan hak ekslusifnya, dan terdapat frasa proses dan/atau peralatan pertahanan dan keamanan negara lainnya. Dalam perkembangan berikutnya, alasan pertimbangan dalam memutus jumlah imbalan yang wajar atas pelaksanaan paten oleh pemerintah menjadi problematika. Lebih lanjut penelitian yang berfokus memberikan perlindungan terhadap inventor dan/atau pemegang paten untuk invensi maupun paten yang dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah. Oleh karena begitu pentingnya pemahaman terkait konsepsi pelaksanaan paten oleh pemerintah terhadap paten yang berkaitan dengan pertahanan dan keamanan negara, serta alasan pertimbangan dalam memutuskan imbalan yang wajar kepada pemegang paten, maka penelitian yang bersifat doktrinal diarahkan untuk mencari pemecahan permasalahan dan memberikan pemahaman. Setelah melakukan penelitian pelaksanaan paten oleh pemerintah terhadap paten yang berkaitan dengan pertahanan dan keamanan, terdapat beberapa syarat bila pemerintah ingin melaksanakan paten berkaitan dengan pertahanan dan keamanan negara, tidak dapat melaksanakan hak eksklusif bukan berarti menghilangkan hak karena pemegang paten tetap berhak untuk mengajukan gugatan atas adanya pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah atas paten miliknya. Selain itu terkait dengan imbalan yang wajar harus dilaksanakan dengan negosiasi hipotetis antara pemerintah dan pemegang paten.

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This paper analyzes how the concept of government use of patent is applied in Patent regulations, when patents related to nation defense and security are implemented by the government through Presidential Regulations. The ability to build and develop defense and security technology becomes very important, when an invention related to national defense and security will result in the patent holder being unable to exercise his exclusive rights, and the phrases other processes and/or apparatus for the defense and security of the State. In further developments, the reasons for consideration in deciding the amount of reasonable remuneration for the government use of patent become problematic. Further research is focused on providing protection to inventors and/or patent holders for inventions and patents implemented by the government. Given the importance of understanding the concept of patent implementation by the government for patents related to defense and security of the state, as well as the reasons for consideration in deciding reasonable compensation to patent holders, doctrinal research is directed at finding solutions to problems and providing understanding. After conducting research on the government use of patent on patent rights related to national defense and security, there are several conditions if the government wants to implement patent rights related to national defense and security, cannot exercise exclusive rights does not mean eliminating rights because the patent holder still has the right to file a lawsuit for violations committed by the government on its patent rights. In addition, the provision of reasonable remuneration must be carried out through hypothetical negotiations between the government and the patent holder."